江苏省2024-2025学年高二英语上学期第二次月考试卷含解析

(满分150分考试时间：120分钟)第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthewoman’scousincompeteinthisyear?A.Baseball.B.Running.C.Swimming.2.Wherewillthespeakersprobablygetthetoy?A.Atanonlineshop.B.Inaphysicalstore.C.Fromashoppingprogram.3.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Makingacard.B.Writingaletter.C.Decoratingahouse.4.Whendoesthemanneedtogetup?A.At3:00a.m.B.At4:00a.m.C.At7:00a.m.5.Whatwillthemanprobablydothisweekend?A.Haveapicnic.B.Prepareforatest.C.Learnaboutscience.其次节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Howdidthemanlearnaboutthemovie?A.Byreadinganewspaper.B.Bytalkingtoafriend.C.BywatchingTV.7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Moviestarandfan.B.Husbandandwife.C.Friends.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atanairport.B.Athome.C.Inataxi.9.Whywillthemantakecirclesinthecity?A.Thereisplentyoftime.B.Thehighwayisn’tavailable.C.Thetrafficisbusyduringrushhours.10.Whatlessondidthewomanpreviouslylearn?A.Leavingfortheairportearly.B.Bookingataxiaheadoftime.C.Packingthebaginadvance.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Howdidthewomangettheglasses?A.Atechcompanygaveherasagift.B.Herfriendaskedhertotestit.C.Sheboughtitfromastore.12.Whatdoesthewoman’smotherthinkoftheglasses?A.Sheissurprisedatthem.B.Sheiscuriousaboutthem.C.Sheisuninterestedinthem.13Wherewilltheglassesbeused?A.Inschools.B.Ingamestores.C.Intouristattractions.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Howtoputabandtogether.B.Howtosignupasocialmediaaccount.C.Howtoattractmorevisitorstoawebsite.15.Howoftendidthemansharehiswebsitebefore?A.Hardlyever.B.Onceaday.C.Twiceaday.16.Whoisgoodatdesigningposters?A.May.B.Ann.C.Joe.17.Whathavethespeakersagreedondoingtogether?A.Practicingfortheband.B.Puttingupposters.C.Havingdinner.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhatisgreataboutFinland’seducationsystem?A.Itkeepsupwiththetimes.B.Itstickstotraditionaleducation.C.Itfocusesonclassroomlearning.19.Whowillhelpratethestudents’performance?A.Otherstudents.B.Companyemployees.C.Familymembers.20.WhatiswrongabouttraditionaleducationaccordingtoKirstiLonka?A.Itmakesmathandgrammarhardertolearn.B.Itmakesreal-lifeproblemssimpleforstudents.C.Itmakesstudentsdependtoomuchonteachers.其次部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分42.5)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAttheendofthenineteenthcentury,anEnglishmanlivinginBrazilsenthissonCharlesMilleracrosstheAtlantictobeeducatedinEngland.DuringhisstayinEngland,Charlesgrewpassionatelykeenonfootballandoftensharpenedhisskillsintheplayground.In1894,hepackedhisbagsandreturnedtohisfamilyinBrazil.Inhisbags,hetookafootballasasouvenir.BackinBrazil,Charleswaswillingtoconsiderandacceptotherpeople’sopinions.Whenhetalkedtolocalpeopleabouttheirleisureactivities,itsuddenlyhithimthathecouldtrytogettheminterestedinfootball.Atfirsthehadlittlesuccess;theonlypeoplewhoshowedanyinterestwereyoungEnglishmenwhowalkedonthestreet;thusthefirstgameoffootballinBrazilwasplayedbetweentwoteamsofyoungEnglishmen,onafieldfromwhichthegoatsandcowshadbeenremoved.CharlesaskedsomejournaliststocomeandseethisnewEnglishgame,butnonecamealong.However,astheweekswentpast,thesceneoftwenty-twoyoungpeoplerunningaroundafteraballbeganattractingviewersfromschoolsnearby.Then,younglocalmenbegankickingballsaroundtoo.“Balls”isperhapsthewrongword—theonlyfootballinBrazilatthetimewastheonethatCharlesMillerhadbroughtbackwithhimfromEngland.TheBrazilianviewershadtocreatetheirownfootballs,usingcansorwhatevertheycouldfindtomakethemwith.Afterashortperiodoftime,theselocalviewerscoulddefeattheforeignplayerseasilywithoutpropertraining.Theyweregiftedinplayingthegamebecausetheycouldmovemorequicklyandeasilywiththeball.Then,thefootballgamebecameagreatattractioninSaoPaulo.By1901,therewasalreadyaleagueofclubsinSaoPaulo.1.WhydidCharlesMillerbringafootballtoBrazil?A.Tobeaprofessionalplayer.B.Toorganizeafootballclub.C.TorememberhisdaysintheUK.D.TogetBraziliansinterestedinthegame.2.WhichwordcanbestdescribeCharlesMiller?A.Talented. B.Successful. C.Popular. D.Open-minded.3.WheredidCharlesMillerholdthefirstfootballgameinBrazil?A.Intheplayground. B.Onalivestockfarm.C.Onthestreet. D.Atthestadium.4.Whatdoweknowaboutthelocalplayers?A.TheyboughtfootballsfromCharlesMiller.B.Theyweretrainedbyprofessionalplayers.C.Theywereswifterinhandlingtheball.D.Theyattractedmanyjournalistswhenplayingtheball.【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲解并描述CharlesMiller将足球引入巴西圣保罗的故事。【1题详解】微小环节理解题。依据第一段最终一句“Inhisbags,hetookafootballasasouvenir.(在他的包里，他带了一个足球作为纪念品)”可知，CharlesMiller带一个足球回巴西是为了纪念他在英国的日子，故选C。【2题详解】推理推断题。依据其次段首句“BackinBrazil,Charleswaswillingtoconsiderandacceptotherpeople’sopinions.(回到巴西后，Charles情愿考虑并接受别人的看法)”可知，Charles情愿考虑并接受别人的看法，故可推知，他是一个思想开明的人，故选D。【3题详解】微小环节理解题。依据其次段中“thusthefirstgameoffootballinBrazilwasplayedbetweentwoteamsofyoungEnglishmen,onafieldfromwhichthegoatsandcowshadbeenremoved.(因此，巴西的第一场足球竞赛是在两支年轻的英国球队之间进行的，在一个山羊和奶牛被清除的场地上)”可知，巴西的第一场足球赛是在一个畜牧场实行的，故选B。【4题详解】微小环节理解题。依据第四段中“Afterashortperiodoftime,theselocalviewerscoulddefeattheforeignplayerseasilywithoutpropertraining.Theyweregiftedinplayingthegamebecausetheycouldmovemorequicklyandeasilywiththeball.(经过很短的时间，这些本地观众不经过适当的训练就能轻松击败外国选手。他们在竞赛中很有天赋，因为他们能更快更轻松地带球移动)”可知，巴西本地运动员带球速度更快，故选C。BPeopleneedtovotetodecidewhowillbetheirpresident.Buthumansaren’ttheonlycreaturesonEarthwhovote.Otheranimals,fromhoneybeestobaboons(狒狒),makegroupdecisions.Theyjustdoitdifferently,andfordifferentreasons.Insteadofvotingforapresident,animalsvoteonwheretoliveorwhentohunt.Meerkats(猫鼬),likehumans,negotiatedecisions.Theyareprudent,tryingveryhardtoavoiddoinganythingwrong.Whensearchingforfood,theanimalsgettogetherforprotectionfromhunters.Butwhenameerkatwantstoacceleratethesearch,theanimalwillmakea“movecall”.Ifthreeormoremeerkatsmakethiscall,thegroupwillmovefaster.Africanwilddogsalsovoteingroups.Scientistshavefoundthataftersocializing,theanimalswoulddecidewhethertohunt.Howdothedogsvoteinsupportofhunting?Theysneeze!Whetherthedogswillactuallygoonahuntisdecidedbythenumberofsneezes.Themorethedogssneeze,themorelikelyitisthattheywilllookforameal.However,thealphadog,thedominantdogofthepack,likesotherdogstofollowitsowndecisionevenwhenothersdon’tvote,becauseitbelievesitcanhavebetterchancesofgettingbiggame.However,afterthehunt,otherdogsinthegrouphavetowaitforthealphadogtofinishitsmealwhiletheyarestarvingtodeath.Sometimes,thealphadogmayleavenothingfortherestofthedogs.Humansmakedecisionstoo.Ifyouhaveagroupofpeople,andonepersonsays,“Let’shavepizza,”andnooneagrees,thennothingisgoingtohappen.Butonceyourgrandfathersays“That’sanexcellentidea”,thewholegroupwillprobablygooutforpizzas.Humanstendtofollowthedecisionsmadebytheseniorsbecausetheywanttoshowrespectforthem.Justlikehumans,animalsdon’talwaysagreewithoneanother.Butjoiningingroupdecisionshelpsmakesureoftheirsurvival.Itisextremelyinterestingtoseehowanimalsreachanagreementandsticktogether.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prudent”inParagraph1means?A.Hard-working. B.Friendly.C.Greedy. D.Cautious.6.Whatdothemeerkatsvoteon?A.Thechoiceoftheleader. B.Theselectionoffood.C.Theplaceforliving. D.Thespeedofhunting.7.Whatdoweknowaboutthealphadog?A.Itlikestohuntgamealone.B.Itsneezeswhenitfindsameal.C.Ithastherighttoeatthemealfirst.D.Itlikestosharefoodwithotherdogs.8.Whydoestheauthormentionhumanseatingpizzas?A.Todrawacomparison. B.Toplaceanemphasis.C.Toreachaconclusion. D.Tomakeasuggestion.【答案】5.D6.D7.C8.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明白人类并不是地球上唯一用投票的方式来做决策的生物，很多动物也会通过投票的方式做出集体决策。【5题详解】词句揣测题。划线词句后文“tryingveryhardtoavoiddoinganythingwrong.(特别努力地避开做错事。)”说明猫鼬们努力避开做错一些事情，从而推知划线词句“Theyareprudent(它们是prudent)”其中划线词应为“谨慎的，慎重的”的意思，与D项cautious“当心的，谨慎的”同义。故选D项。【6题详解】微小环节理解题。依据第一段中“Meerkats(猫鼬),likehumans,negotiatedecisions.Theyareprudent,tryingveryhardtoavoiddoinganythingwrong.(猫鼬和人类一样，协商确定。它们很谨慎，努力避开做错事。)”和“Butwhenameerkatwantstoacceleratethesearch,theanimalwillmakea“movecall”.Ifthreeormoremeerkatsmakethiscall,thegroupwillmovefaster.(但是当猫鼬想要加速搜寻时，它会发出“移动呼叫”。假如有三只或更多的猫鼬发出这种叫声，这群猫鼬就会移动得更快。)”可知，猫鼬投票确定狩猎的速度。故选D项。【7题详解】推理推断题。依据其次段中“However,afterthehunt,otherdogsinthegrouphavetowaitforthealphadogtofinishitsmealwhiletheyarestarvingtodeath.Sometimes,thealphadogmayleavenothingfortherestofthedogs.(然而，狩猎结束后，群体里其他狗不得不在饿的要死的时候等着领头狗吃完饭。有时，领头狗可能不会给其他狗留下任何东西。)”可知，领头狗有权先吃饭。故选C项。【8题详解】推理推断题。依据第三段“Humansmakedecisionstoo.Ifyouhaveagroupofpeople,andonepersonsays,‘Let’shavepizza,’andnooneagrees,thennothingisgoingtohappen.Butonceyourgrandfathersays‘That’sanexcellentidea’,thewholegroupwillprobablygooutforpizzas.Humanstendtofollowthedecisionsmadebytheseniorsbecausetheywanttoshowrespectforthem.(人类也会做确定。假如是一个群体，其中一个人说：‘让我们吃披萨吧’，但没有人同意，那么什么都不会发生。但一旦你的祖父说‘这是个好方法’，整个团队可能会出去吃披萨。人类倾向于听从老年人的确定，因为他们想对他们表示敬重。)”可知，作者提到人类吃披萨是为了与动物的以投票方式做出集体决策进行比较。故选A项。CAcademicdemandsareakeysourceofstressforcollegestudents.Unlikeinhighschool,studentsincollegeareexpectedtomanagetheirworkloadwithoutmuchguidancefromteachers,andit’seasytofeellostinaclasswithseveralhundredpeers.Ourresearchsuggeststhat,onaverage,stressgoesupasacademicdemandsgoup,peakingaheadoffinalexamsandthenfallingagain.Itcanbecomfortingtoknowthatacademicstressisasharedexperience.Itmayalsohelptoknowthattemporaryincreasesinstresscanbenefitstudentsundersomecircumstances.Ourlonger-termresearchacrossfouryearsfoundthatstudentsearnedhighergradesinsemesterswhentheyexperiencedboutof(一阵)negativemoods.Ariseinnegativemoodsonesemestermayreflectthatextraeffortwasneededtomeetacademicchallenges.Theimportantreminderhereisthatweonlyobservedthiseffectforstudentswhoweretypicallyhappyoverall,showingtheimportanceofmaintaininggoodemotionalbalance.Somestudentscan’tadaptthemselvestothelifewithoutsupportandcarefromtheirfamilies.Forexample,internationalstudentswholivefurtherawayfromtheirfamiliesmayfeelhomesickstronger.Maintainingfriendshipsandbalancingsocialdemandswithacademicsisanotherkeysourceofstressforcollegestudents.Incollege,therelationshipbetweenstudentsandteacherscanbetotallydifferentfrominhighschools.Itishardforsomestudentstobeinvolvedincollegeclass.Whatdistinguishedthestudentswhoreportedlessstressedandmoresatisfactionacrosstheyear,includingduringtheirjobsearch,wastheiroutlook.Despiteplansnotworkingoutexactlyashoped,recentgraduateswithgreaterwell-beingwereabletoincreaseeffortandkeepmovingforwardthroughchallenges.Thesegraduateswerealsomovingforwardwithasenseofpurpose,orageneralsensethattheywereonameaningfulpath,andoptimismaboutthepaththeywereon,expectinggoodthingstohappeninthefuture.Additionally,theirexpectationsabouthowandwhentheirgoalswouldbeachievedwereflexible,andtheywereopentoneworunexpectedopportunities.Finally,recentgraduateswithgreaterwell-beingalsohadmoresupportivesocialnetworksthattheycouldrelyonforadvice,comfort,andhelpalongtheway.9.Whatcanwelearnaboutacademicstress?A.Topcollegestudentsseldomhaveacademicstress.B.Studentsaremostanxiousatthestartofasemester.C.Anincreaseinnegativemoodscanmakestudentsstudyharder.D.Studentsshoulddecreaseworkloadtomaintainemotionalbalance.10.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theemotionalstressofcollegestudents.B.Thedifficultyinmakingfriendsincollege.C.Theimportanceofhavinggoodteachersincollege.D.Thereasonswhyinternationalstudentsaremorestressed.11.Whatcanstudentswhohavemoresatisfactiondo?A.Theycanadjusttheirexpectationswhenneeded.B.Theycancreateopportunitiesintime.C.Theycangivepeoplepracticalsuggestions.D.Theycanavoiddifficultchallengessmartly.12.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Collegestudents.B.Collegestudents’stress.C.Recentgraduates.D.Recentgraduates’expectations.【答案】9.C10.A11.A12.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是高校生压力的主要来源及其对学生的影响。【9题详解】推理推断题。依据其次段中的“Ourlonger-termresearchacrossfouryearsfoundthatstudentsearnedhighergradesinsemesterswhentheyexperiencedboutof(一阵)negativemoods.Ariseinnegativemoodsonesemestermayreflectthatextraeffortwasneededtomeetacademicchallenges.(我们为期四年的长期探讨发觉，当学生阅历了一段时间的消极心情时，他们在学期中取得了更高的成果。一个学期消极心情的增加可能反映出须要额外的努力来应对学业挑战。)”可知，探讨发觉，学生消极心情的增加可能须要额外的努力来应对学业上的挑战，从而在取得更高的成果，由此可知，消极心情的增加可能会使得学生更努力。故选C项10题详解】主旨大意题。依据第三段中的“Somestudentscan’tadaptthemselvestothelifewithoutsupportandcarefromtheirfamilies.(有些学生没有家人的支持和关切就不能适应生活。)”以及“Maintainingfriendshipsandbalancingsocialdemandswithacademicsisanotherkeysourceofstressforcollegestudents.Incollege,therelationshipbetweenstudentsandteacherscanbetotallydifferentfrominhighschools.(维持友情、平衡学业与社交需求是高校生压力的另一个主要来源。)”可知，有些学生没有家人的帮助就不能适应生活，且维持友情、平衡学业和社交需求是造成高校生压力的另一个主要来源，这些都和学生的情感相关，由此可知，本段主要讲解并描述的是学生的情感压力。故选A项。【11题详解】微小环节理解题。依据倒数其次段中的“Despiteplansnotworkingoutexactlyashoped,recentgraduateswithgreaterwell-beingwereabletoincreaseeffortandkeepmovingforwardthroughchallenges.(尽管支配没有像希望的那样顺当进行，但拥有更大华蜜感的应届毕业生能够加大努力，在挑战中接着前进。)”可知，满意感更强的学生在遇到不顺当的状况是，他们会加大努力，在挑战中前进，结合尾段中的“Additionally,theirexpectationsabouthowandwhentheirgoalswouldbeachievedwereflexible,andtheywereopentoneworunexpectedopportunities.(此外，他们对如何以及何时实现目标的期望是灵敏的，他们对新的或意想不到的机会持开放看法。)”可知，满意感强的学生对实现目标的期望是灵敏的，且对新出现的状况持开放的看法，由此可知，这些满意感强的学生可能会在必要的时候调整自己的期望，接着前进。故选A项。【12题详解】主旨大意题。依据首段中的“Academicdemandsareakeysourceofstressforcollegestudents.(学业要求是高校生压力的主要来源。)”以及第三段中的“Maintainingfriendshipsandbalancingsocialdemandswithacademicsisanotherkeysourceofstressforcollegestudents.(维持友情、平衡学业与社交需求是高校生压力的另一个主要来源。)”并结合文章对高校生主要来源的分析可知，本文主要讲解并描述的是高校生压力的主要来源及其影响。故选B项。其次节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thecurrentpopulationofoysters(牡蛎)isonlyasmallpartoftheirhistoriclevels.____13____.Tohelpmaintainexistinghabitats,thestaterequireslicensesfortheharvestingofshellfishandcontrolswhereandwhentheharvestingactivitycantakeplace.SouthCarolina’sDepartmentofNaturalResourceshasalsoplannedtorecycleandreplantoystershells.____14____.Theyserveasanchorstowhichbabiescanattachthemselves.Returningshellstothestate’sriversensuresthatanylarvae(幼虫)lookingforahomecanfindsomethingtowhichtheycanbeattached.Thecriticalnatureofoystersintheecosystemisdifficulttooverstate.AlongtheAtlanticshorelineoftheUnitedStatestheEasternOysterisconsideredafoundationspecies.Oystersgathertogetheraspartoftheirnaturallifecycle,formingreefsthatprovidethehabitatforfish,crabs,andothersmalloceancreatures.____15____.Inadditiontobeingthebedrockofmanyunderwatercommunities,oystersalsohelpmaintainthecleanlinessofSouthCarolina’scoastalwaters.Dirtywatercomesinfromtheoceanandgetsfilteredbyoysters.Watergoesbackoutcleanly.____16____.Touristswanttogotobeautifulandcleanbeaches,comeoutonboattrips,andseedolphins.SouthCarolinaisworkinghardtorebuildcoastalreefsthatwillsupportandsustainfutureoysterpopulations.It’sworthkeepinginmindthateveryshellremovedfromtherivercouldbethebaseforthenextyear’snewoysters.____17____,it’sgoingtobealongtimebeforewegetenoughrecruitment(增长)intheoysterpopulationtokeepitsustainable.A.OncewelosethatnaturalshellbaseBTheselittletinyfishneedsomewheretohideC.BecauseitisimportanttorecycletheoystershellsD.EventhelocaltourismindustryreliesonthiseffectofoystersE.ThebestplacetosettleisgoingtobewherethereareadultoystersF.SouthCarolinaisactivelyworkingtorestoreandsustainitswildoystersG.Oystershells,bothliveanddead,providethemainhabitatforthenextgeneration【答案】13.F14.G15.B16.D17.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了当前牡蛎的数量大量削减，鉴于牡蛎的作用，SouthCarolina寻求疼惜牡蛎的措施，以增长牡蛎数量。【13题详解】依据空后的“Tohelpmaintainexistinghabitats,thestaterequireslicensesfortheharvestingofshellfishandcontrolswhereandwhentheharvestingactivitycantakeplace.(为了帮助维持现有的栖息地，该州要求获得捕捞贝类的许可证，并限制捕捞活动的地点和时间。)”可知，为疼惜牡蛎的栖息地，某州作出了一些详细的要求；由thestate可知，此空处应出现thestate相关的内容，F选项“SouthCarolinaisactivelyworkingtorestoreandsustainitswildoysters(南卡罗来纳州正在主动复原和维持其野生牡蛎)”中的SouthCarolina为空后thestate，且与空后内容吻合。故选F项。【14题详解】依据空后的“Theyserveasanchorstowhichbabiescanattachthemselves.Returningshellstothestate’sriversensuresthatanylarvae(幼虫)lookingforahomecanfindsomethingtowhichtheycanbeattached.(它们充当锚，牡蛎幼虫可以把自己固定在上面。将贝壳放回该州的河流中，可以确保任何找寻家园的幼虫都能找到可以依附的东西。)”可知，此处讲解并描述的是贝壳对繁育后代的重要性，G选项“Oystershells,bothliveanddead,providethemainhabitatforthenextgeneration(活的和死的牡蛎壳为下一代供应了主要的栖息地)”内容概括了本段主题，其中的Oystershells与空后的they所指内容一样。故选G项。【15题详解】依据空前的“Oystersgathertogetheraspartoftheirnaturallifecycle,formingreefsthatprovidethehabitatforfish,crabs,andothersmalloceancreatures.(作为自然生命周期的一部分，牡蛎会聚集在一起，形成珊瑚礁，为鱼类、螃蟹和其他小型海洋生物供应栖息地。)”可知，牡蛎为一些小的海洋生物供应了栖息场所，B选项“Theselittletinyfishneedsomewheretohide(这些小鱼须要找个地方躲起来)”符合题意，选项中的theselittletinyfish与空后的othersmalloceancreatures吻合。故选B项。【16题详解】依据空后的“Touristswanttogotobeautifulandcleanbeaches,comeoutonboattrips,andseedolphins.(游客们想去漂亮干净的海滩，乘船旅行，看海豚。)”可知，此处讲解并描述的是游客们的需求，由此可知，空处讲解并描述的内容与牡蛎与旅游业发展相关，D选项“Eventhelocaltourismindustryreliesonthiseffectofoysters(甚至当地的旅游业也依靠牡蛎的这种影响)”讲解并描述的是牡蛎对当地旅游业的影响，内容与空后内容一样。故选D项。【17题详解】分析该空所在句子结构可知，逗号后“it’sgoingtobealongtimebeforewegetenoughrecruitment(增长)intheoysterpopulationtokeepitsustainable.(我们还须要很长一段时间才能增长足够的牡蛎的数量来保持它的可持续发展。)”讲解并描述的是牡蛎数量增长要很长时间，且空后是一个完整的句子，所以此空处应为带有连词的句子，或短语，A选项“Oncewelosethatnaturalshellbase(一旦失去了自然的壳基)”为连词once引导的状语从句，且内容与空后内容连接。故选A项。第三部分：语言运用(共三节，满分37.5分)第一节完型填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Iwas10yearsintomycareer,happilyworkingatmyresearchasabiologyprofessor,whensomethingunusualhappenedandIhadto___18___myfocustoteachingundergraduateclasses.Itwashardtodroparesearchprogramthathaddefinedmycareerandfueled(激发)mypassions.To___19___theresearchworld,Ibegantoincludejournalarticlesinmyundergraduatecourse,___20___livelydiscussionsaboutthelatestdiscoveries.___21___,mystudentsrarelydivedinto(钻研)thepapersfully.Mystudentswere___22___withmemorizingfacts,buttheylackeddeepunderstandingofhowtheconclusionsweredrawn.Theingenuity(独创力)ofresearch—whatIlovedmostaboutbeingascientist—was___23___onthem.ThischangedthewayI___24___.Ispentmultipleclassesdeconstructingasinglepaperwithmystudents,___25___eachfigureandtable.Ithenasked,“Ifyouhadco-authoredthepaper,whatwouldyoudonext?”Some___26___,“I’mnotcreative.”ButIaskedthemtogiveitatry.Aftertakingpartinsomegroupdiscussions,thestudentschangedtheir_____27_____.Theywereamazedbythevarietyoffollow-upstudiestheirclassmateshadthoughtup.Theyargued_____28_____aboutwhichideaswerebetter,expressingsurprisewhenothergroupsmadedifferentchoices.Iwas_____29_____toseeeachstudentcommittoanidea,intheprocessdiscoveringsomethingabouttheirownpowersof_____30_____.WhatIreallywantedmystudentstodowastodeveloptheirowninventivenessand_____31_____theirimaginations.Ihopedthatwhattheylearnedabouttheirown_____32_____wouldbetheknowledgethatlasts.18.A.add B.shift C.return D.narrow19.A.keepawayfrom B.lookbackon C.getdownto D.staycloseto20.A.holding B.preparing C.expecting D.ignoring21.A.However B.Besides C.Otherwise D.Therefore22.A.moved B.patient C.bored D.comfortable23.A.hidden B.reflected C.lost D.found24.A.lived B.thought C.searched D.taught25.A.analyzing B.drawing C.editing D.memorizing26.A.hoped B.hesitated C.decided D.pretended27.A.attitudes B.tasks C.methods D.plans28.A.angrily B.jokingly C.proudly D.passionately29.A.excited B.curious C.inspired D.grateful30.A.concentration B.observation C.invention D.devotion31.A.showoff B.tapinto C.dependon D.checkout32.A.performance B.progress C.creativity D.adventure【答案】18.B19.D20.C21.A22.D23.C24.D25.A26.B27.A28.D29.A30.C31.B32.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述了作者作为老师，在面对本科学生缺乏钻研精神的时候，变更自己的教学方式，带领学生细致解构论文，激发学生对探究的热忱和内在创建力的故事。【18题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的职业生涯已经有10年了，作为一名生物学教授，我欢乐地从事着我的探讨，突然发生了一件不寻常的事情，我不得不把中心转移到教授本科课程上。A.add添加；B.shift使转移；C.return归还；D.narrow使缩小。依据上文“somethingunusualhappened”可知，发生了一件不寻常的事情，作者原本享受着探讨工作的乐趣，但不得不去教授本科课程，因此应当是不得不转移中心，shiftone’sfocusto是固定短语，意为“把中心转移到”。故选B。【19题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：为了贴近探讨世界，我起先在本科课程中加入期刊文章，期盼对最新发觉进行热忱的探讨。A.keepawayfrom远离；B.lookbackon回顾；C.getdownto起先做某事，；D.staycloseto贴近。依据下文“Ibegantoincludejournalarticlesinmyundergraduatecourse”可知，作者在本科课程中加入期刊文章，因此是为了贴近原本宠爱的探讨世界。故选D。【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了贴近探讨世界，我起先在本科课程中加入期刊文章，期盼对最新发觉进行热忱的探讨。A.holding持有；B.preparing打算；C.expecting期盼；D.ignoring忽视。依据上文“Itwashardtodroparesearchprogramthathaddefinedmycareerandfueled(激发)mypassions.”可知，作者特别宠爱探讨项目，对此满怀激情，因此会期盼对最新发觉进行热忱的探讨。故选C。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我的学生很少深化钻研论文。A.However然而；B.Besides此外；C.Otherwise否则；D.Therefore因此。依据下文“mystudentsrarelydivedinto(钻研)thepapersfully”可知，作者的学生很少深化钻研论文，和上文作者期盼的热忱探讨形成转折，因此应用However“然而”。故选A。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的学生适应了记忆事实，但他们缺乏深化理解结论是如何得出的。A.moved感动的；B.patient耐性的；C.bored无聊的；D.comfortable舒适的。依据下文“buttheylackeddeepunderstandingofhowtheconclusionsweredrawn”可知，作者的学生缺乏深化理解如何得出结论，由此推知他们已经适应了记忆事实，becomfortablewith是固定短语，意为“对……感到舒适”，指对某人或某事物感到舒适、自由或适应。故选D。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：探讨的独创性——我最宠爱做科学家的地方——在他们身上丢失了。A.hidden隐藏；B.reflected反映；C.lost丢失；D.found发觉。依据上文“mystudentsrarelydivedinto(钻研)thepapersfully”可知，作者的学生很少深化钻研论文，因此是丢失了探讨的独创性。故选C。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这变更了我的教学方式。A.lived生活；B.thought思索；C.searched搜寻；D.taught教学。依据下文“Ispentmultipleclassesdeconstructingasinglepaperwithmystudents”可知，作者花精力去和学生解构论文，因此是变更了教学的方式。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我花了好几节课和我的学生一起解构一篇论文，分析每张图和表。A.analyzing分析；B.drawing画画；C.editing编辑；D.memorizing记忆。依据上文“deconstructingasinglepaper”可知，作者在花精力去解构论文，因此是分析论文里的每张图和表。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人迟疑了，“我没有创建力。”A.hoped希望；B.hesitated迟疑；C.decided确定；D.pretended假装。依据下文“I’mnotcreative.”可知，有些人认为自己没有创建力，因此会在作者想要激发他们创建力的时候迟疑。故选B。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在参与了一些小组探讨之后，学生们变更了他们的看法。A.attitudes看法；B.tasks任务；C.methods方法；D.plans支配。依据下文“Theyargued___11___aboutwhichideaswerebetter,expressingsurprisewhenothergroupsmadedifferentchoices.”可知，作者的学生起先争辩观点，敬重不同的选择，因此是变更了看法。故选A。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们热忱地争辩哪个想法更好，当其他小组做出不同的选择时，他们表示惊喜。A.angrily生气地；B.jokingly开玩笑地；C.proudly高傲地；D.passionately热忱地。依据上文“Theywereamazedbythevarietyoffollow-upstudiestheirclassmateshadthoughtup.”可知，学生想出各种各样的后续探讨，已经起先发挥自己的钻研精神，因此是热忱地探讨想法。故选D。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很兴奋地看到每个学生都致力于一个想法，在这个过程中发觉了他们自己创建的实力。A.excited兴奋的；B.curious新奇 的；C.inspired激烈人心的；D.grateful感谢的。依据下文“toseeeachstudentcommittoanidea”可知，作者看到的是每个学生都致力于一个想法，因此作为老师会感到兴奋。故选A。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很兴奋地看到每个学生都致力于一个想法，在这个过程中发觉了他们自己创建的实力。A.concentration用心；B.observation视察；C.invention创建；D.devotion奉献。依据上文学生从一起先的对钻研不感爱好，到后来的想出各种各样的后续探讨，热忱地探讨想法可知，在这个过程中他们发觉了自己创建的实力。故选C。【31题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我真正想让我的学生做的是发展他们自己的创建力，挖掘他们的想象力。A.showoff炫耀；B.tapinto挖掘；C.dependon依靠；D.checkout检查。依据上文“todeveloptheirowninventiveness”可知，作者希望学生发展他们的创建力，tapinto“挖掘”符合语境，和发展创建力契合，表示挖掘想象力。故选B。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我希望他们从自己的创建力中学到的学问将成为永恒的学问。A.performance表现；B.progress进步；C.creativity创建力；D.adventure冒险。依据上文作者变更教学方式，激发学生对探究的热忱和内在创建力可知，作者珍视的是从创建力中学到的学问。故选C。其次节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Likethebuildingitself,thecatswhichwalkfreelyaroundthebasementoftheStateHermitageMuseuminSt.Petersburghavesurvivedchangingfortunes.____33____(treat)likeroyalty,the65catsenjoy24-hourmedicalcare,feedingandfreedom.CatherinetheGreat____34____(reported)calledthemthe“GuardiansoftheGalleries,”thoughtheyarenotallowedintothegalleriesof____35____wasoncetheWinterPalace.However,itisnotrareforavisitoroutsidethebuildingtocomeacrossacat____36____(lie)inthesun.AftertheSovietUnioncollapsedin1991,manyinSt.Petersburgcouldnolongeraffordtocarefortheircats,andsotheHermitage____37____(decide)toadoptsomeofthestray(无主的)catstoaddtothedescendantsofthe____38____(origin)catsbroughtfromthecityofKazan100yearsbeforethat.Nowasthen,theHermitagewilltakeinstraycatsthatfindtheirway____39____themuseum.Thesearegivenanewlife____40____keptfedandhealthy.If____41____(mouse)passclose,thecatswillcatch.Mostofthetimetheyneednotkillanything,astheirsmellserves____42____(keep)mostmiceaway.Manyofthecats’ancestorshavebeenimmortalized(使名传后世)fortheirservicetothestateinpaintingsontheverywallsofthemuseumtheydefended.【答案】33.Treated34.reportedly35.what36.lying37.decided38.original39.into40.and41.mice42.tokeep【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了在圣彼得堡冬宫博物馆地下室里自由行走的猫。【33题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这65