浙江省衢州市2023-2024学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题（解析版）

衢州市2024年6月高二年级教学质量检测试卷英语考生须知：1.全卷分试卷和答题卷。考试结束后，将答题卷上交。2.试卷共10页，分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。3.请将答案做在答题卷的相应位置上，写在试卷上无效。第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。现在你有5秒钟的时间阅读第一小题的有关内容。1.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Makeaphonecall.B.Gotoseeamovie.C.Meetafriend.2.Howdidthewomancommunicatewithherfriend?A.Sheemailedthem.B.Shewrotetothem.C.Shemessagedthem.3.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atahairdresser’s.B.Atalibrary.C.Atatailor’s.4.Whydidthewomancleanthefloorlastnight?A.Therewascoffeeonit.B.Workersleftpaintonit.C.Someonespilledsouponit.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Decoratinganapartment.B.Findinganewapartment.C.Livingwithotherpeople.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whichpicturehasalreadybeenchosenbythewoman?A.Apictureofhercousin.B.Apictureofhermother.C.Apictureofanoldman.7.Wherewasthepictureofthewoman’smothertaken?A.Inafashionshow.B.Inthepark.C.Inhergarden.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.WhatinspiresthewomantothinkaboutlivingontheMoon?A.News.B.Scientificstudies.C.Movies.9.WhatdoesthemanthinkwillbesuppliedtotheMooncontinually?A.Oxygen.B.Water.C.Food.10.Whatisthewoman’sfinalideaaboutlivinginouterspace?A.Sheisexcitedaboutthepossibility.B.Sheneedstimetothinkaboutit.C.ShepreferstostayonEarth.听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。11.WhatjobdidMichaelprobablydointhepast?A.Teaching.B.Writing.C.Advertising.12.WhydoesMichaelenjoyhislifenow?A.Helivesclosertoworkplace.B.Hehasmorechoices.C.Hegetspaidmore.13.WhatdoesMichaelbelieveistherightthingtodo?A.Workinginacompanytodothesamethings.BStayingathomealldaywithoutdoinganything.C.Contributingtothecommunitythroughhiswork.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.WhathappenedtoMr.Brown’scellphone?A.Heturneditoff.B.Itranoutofpower.C.Hechangedhisnumber.15.WhydoesMr.BrownneedtogetontheflighttoTorontotoday?A.Hehasajobinterview.B.Hehasabusinessmeeting.C.Heisgoingbacktohiscompany.16.WhyhasthewomanbeencallingMr.Brown?A.Tochangehistickettothefirstclass.B.Toinformhimaboutachangeinflighttime.C.Totellhimhiscompanydidnotpayforhisflight.17.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Airportcrewandpassenger.B.Interviewerandinterviewee.C.Bossandemployee.听第10段独白,回答第18至20题。18.Whatwastheman’slifelikebeforetheageof40?A.Heoftenwenttothegym.B.Heatewhateverhewanted.C.Hetookgoodcareofhimself..19.Whatcausedtheman’sheadacheaccordingtothedoctor?A.Highbloodpressure.B.Lackofexercise.C.Eatingtoomuch.20.Whatchangedidthemanmakeafterheturned40?A.Givingupchocolate.B.Exercisingregularly.C.Startingtotakepills.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWe’vegatheredupsomefunthingstodoinDCthisholidayweekend.DCHistoryConferenceLearnaboutthehistoryofthenation’scapitalforfreebyattendingthiscommunityconferencethatconsidersthecity’spast,presentandfuture.Theeventcelebratesits50thanniversarythisyearandprovidesastimulatingforumfororiginalresearchonDC.Saturday|FreeAdmissionMartinLutherKing,Jr.MemorialLibrary,901GStreetNW,Washington,DC20001LittleShopofHorrorsOriginallyasci-fi/horrorcomedyfilmreleasedin1960,LittleShopofHorrorsthenbecameanoff-Broadwaymusicalintheearly1980s.Yetanotherfilmadaptationfollowedafewyearslater,showinghowthistimelessstoryofafloralshopassistantandhissinging,deadlyplantwillalwaysamazeaudiences.ThehistoricFord’sTheatrerevivesthedynamicproductionduringitsupcomingspringseason.MakesuretousecodeDDCSHOP20for.20%offyourticketstotheshow(validforMarch16-April6&May1-18;limittwoticketsperpurchase)!DCDefendersvs.HoustonRoughnecksTheUnitedFootballLeague——anewleaguefoundedthroughacombinationoftheXFLandtheUSFL—kicksoffinDC.TheDefendersplayhomegamesatAudiFieldandfeaturequitepossiblythebestteamthenewfootballleaguehastooffer.Prepareforhard-hitting,fast-pacedactiononthefieldastheHoustonRoughneckscometotown.4p.m.Sunday|Tickets$27-$182AudiField,100PotomacAvenueSW,Washington,DC200241.Wherecouldahistoryfangothisweekend?A.MartinLutherKing,Jr.MemorialLibrary. B.Ford’sTheatre.C.BroadwayTheatre. D.AudiField.2.WhatmakesLittleShopofHorrorsspecial?A.Itwasoriginallyasci-fi/horrortragedyfilmin1960.B.ItwasadaptedfromaBroadwaymusicalinthe1980s.C.Ithasattractedmanygenerationsformorethan60years.D.Itfeaturesthestoryofafloralshopownerandhisassistants.3.WhatistheUFLaccordingtothetext?A.Astadiumhostingfootballgames. B.Anewlyfoundedfootballleague.C.ThenameofafootballteaminDC. D.Thenameofaticketsellingcompany.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章备注要介绍本周周末的一些活动。【1题详解】细节理解题。由DCHistoryConference中“Learnaboutthehistoryofthenation’scapitalforfreebyattendingthiscommunityconferencethatconsidersthecity’spast,presentandfuture.Theeventcelebratesits50thanniversarythisyearandprovidesastimulatingforumfororiginalresearchonDC.(参加这个考虑城市过去、现在和未来的社区会议，免费了解国家首都的历史。该活动今年庆祝成立50周年，为DC的原创研究提供了一个激动人心的论坛。)”可知，在MartinLutherKing,Jr.MemorialLibrary参加DCHistoryConference可以了解这地方的历史，适合历史迷参加。故选A项。【2题详解】推理判断题。由LittleShopofHorrors中“Originallyasci-fi/horrorcomedyfilmreleasedin1960,LittleShopofHorrorsthenbecameanoff-Broadwaymusicalintheearly1980s.Yetanotherfilmadaptationfollowedafewyearslater,showinghowthistimelessstoryofafloralshopassistantandhissinging,deadlyplantwillalwaysamazeaudiences.(《LittleShopofHorrors》最初是一部1960年上映的科幻/恐怖喜剧电影，后来在20世纪80年代初成为非百老汇音乐剧。几年后，又有一部改编电影上映，展示了一位花店店员和他那致命的植物的永恒故事如何总是让观众感到惊讶。)”可知，LittleShopofHorrors从1960年兴盛到现在，所以60多年来，它吸引了许多代人。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。由DCDefendersvs.HoustonRoughnecks中“TheUnitedFootballLeague——anewleaguefoundedthroughacombinationoftheXFLandtheUSFL—kicksoffinDC.(联合足球联赛——一个由XFL和USFL合并而成的新联赛——在华盛顿拉开帷幕。)”可知，UFL是一个新成立的足球联赛。故选B项。BAsmywifeputsit,“Animalshaveovertakenourlives.”IwasontheairlastweekwhenDaisy,ourdog,ateabittersweetchocolatebarheartily.Wehidechocolatefromher;itcanbedangerousfordogs.ButDaisyistheHerculePoirotofhiddensweets.Anemptywrapperinhermouthtoldthetale.OurfamilyrushedDaisytoavetclinic,where——well,I’llspareyouthedetails.Daisyisfinenow,butourheartsarejustrestarting.Wearealsocaringforahuge,whitecatwe’venamedGatoBlanco.Heclawsfurnitureonhishind(后部)legs,likeCatzillatearingdownaTokyobridge.Everychairinourapartmentisnowcoveredwithsheets,towels,orplasticwrap.Wekeepawindowopen,nomattertheweather,becauseoneofourdaughtersisallergictocats.ButshewantstokeepGatoclose,evenasheknocksphotos,flowers,pensandmymicrophoneofftables,withasmartforehand.Ourfelinelodger(猫科房客)alsoclimbedontoaplanteroutsideourapartmentandstrolledovertotheothersideofthebuilding,sevenfloorsup.IsthatSpider-Man?No-it’sGato!Daisythedogsitsbeneathourdinnertable,quiveringandblinkingherlarge,dewyeyes.Someofusmayletafewpiecesoffoodfallherwayfromtimetotime.Wecan’tlethergettooexcited,though,becauseshehasatendencyto...well,moredetailstospare.Wekeeptowelshandyforsuchepisodesofexcitement.GatoBlanco,meanwhile,leapsontoourtable.Butnottoeat,justtohangwiththecoolkids,ourdaughters.“Hey,howwasyourday,”Iimaginehimsaying.“Wegonnawatchsomethingafterdinner?”Ourfamilymaycomplainaswesneeze,mop,andsearchthefloorforourmissingpens.Butwealsoholdouranimalscloseastheyhelpuslaugh,marvel,andcareforthem,andforeachother.Ourliveshavebeenovertakenbyouranimals.Andwe’rehavingatroublesomeandwonderfultime.4.WhatdoweknowaboutDaisy?A.Sheisallergictocats. B.Shehasaheartproblem.C.Shedoesn’tgetexcitedeasily. D.Sheisgoodatfindingsweets.5.WhatcanGatodo?A.FlylikeSpider-Man. B.Makeamessoftheroom.C.Talklikearealhuman. D.TeardownaTokyobridge.6.Whichofthewordscanbestdescribethewriter’sfeelingtowardstheiranimals?A.Bittersweet. B.Concerned. C.Content. D.Depressed.7.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Towarnreadersagainstkeepingpetsathome.BTogiveadviceonwhatspeciesofanimalstobuy.C.Tosharetheirstoriesandfeelingsaboutkeepingpets.D.Toentertainreaderswithdarkhumourjokesaboutpets.【答案】4D5.B6.A7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者家中的两只宠物——狗Daisy和猫GatoBlanco的趣事，以及他们给家庭生活带来的麻烦和乐趣。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ButDaisyistheHerculePoirotofhiddensweets.Anemptywrapperinhermouthtoldthetale.”（但是Daisy在找隐藏的糖果方面就像赫尔克勒·波洛。她嘴里的空包装纸说明了一切。）可知，Daisy擅长找糖果。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“ButshewantstokeepGatclose,evenasheknocksphotos,flowers,pensandmymicrophoneofftables,withasmartforehand.”（即使GatoBlanco用聪明的前脚把照片、花、笔和我的麦克风从桌子上打落，她还是想让GatoBlanco靠近。）可知，GatoBlanco会把房间弄得一团糟。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Ourfamilymaycomplainaswesneeze,mop,andsearchthefloorforourmissingpens.Butwealsoholdouranimalscloseastheyhelpuslaugh,marvel,andcareforthem,andforeachother.Ourliveshavebeenovertakenbyouranimals.Andwe’rehavingatroublesomeandwonderfultime.”（我们家人可能会在打喷嚏、拖地和寻找丢失的笔时抱怨。但我们也会把我们的动物抱得紧紧的，因为他们帮助我们笑，让我们惊叹，照顾他们，互相照顾。我们的生活已经被我们的动物占据了。我们过得既麻烦又美好。）可知，作者对他们的动物有着苦乐参半的感情。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Asmywifeputsit,“Animalshaveovertakenourlives.””（正如我妻子所说，“动物已经主宰了我们的生活。”）以及文章最后一段“Ourfamilymaycomplainaswesneeze,mop,andsearchthefloorforourmissingpens.Butwealsoholdouranimalscloseastheyhelpuslaugh,marvel,andcareforthem,andforeachother.Ourliveshavebeenovertakenbyouranimals.Andwe’rehavingatroublesomeandwonderfultime.”（我们家人可能会在打喷嚏、拖地和寻找丢失的笔时抱怨。但我们也会把我们的动物抱得紧紧的，因为他们帮助我们笑，让我们惊叹，照顾他们，互相照顾。我们的生活已经被我们的动物占据了。我们过得既麻烦又美好。）可知，短文的主要目的是分享他们养宠物的故事和感受。故选C。CStudentshavesubmittedmorethan22millionpapersthatmayhaveusedgenerativeAIinthepastyear,newdataprovidedbyplagiarism(剽窃)detectioncompanyTurnitinshows.Ayearago,TurnitinintroducedanAIwritingdetectiontoolthatwastrainedonitsdatabaseofpaperswrittenbystudentsaswellasotherAl-generatedtexts.Turnitinfoundthat11percentofthesubmissionsmaycontainAI-writtenlanguagein20percentofitscontent,with3percentofthetotalpapersreviewedhaving80percentormoreAIwriting.ChatGPT’slaunchwasmetwithfearsthattheEnglishclassessaywoulddie.Thechatbotcanprocessinformationnear-instantly——butthatdoesn’tmeanitalwaysgetsitright.GenerativeAIhasbeenknowntocreateitsownfactsandciteacademicreferencesthatdon’tactuallyexist.GenerativeAIchatbotshavealsobeencaughtproducingdiscriminatory(歧视性的)textongenderandrace.Despitethosedisadvantages,studentshaveusedchatbotsforresearch,andorganizingideas.Tracesofchatbotshaveevenbeenfoundinpublishedacademicwriting.DetectingtheuseofgenerativeAIistricky.It’snotaseasyasmarkingplagiarism,becausegeneratedtextisstilloriginaltext.Plus,there’saslightdifferencetohowstudentsusegenerativeAI;somemayaskchatbotstowritetheirpapersfortheminlargepartsorinfull,whileothersmayusethetoolsasanaidorabrainstormpartner.Detectiontoolsthemselveshaveariskofdiscrimination.Englishlanguagelearnersmaybemorelikelytosetthemoff;a2023studyfounda61.3percentfalsepositiveratewhenevaluatingTestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage(TOEFL)examswithsevendifferentAIdetectors.“Thisishard.Iunderstandwhypeoplewantatool,”saysEmilyIsaacs,executivedirectoroftheOfficeofFacultyExcellenceatMontclairState.ButIsaacssaystheuniversityisconcernedaboutpotentiallydiscriminatoryresultsfromAIdetectors,aswellasthefactthatthetoolscan’tprovideconfirmationthewaytheycanwithplagiarism.8.WhatdidTurnitinfind?A.AllsubmittedpaperswerewrittenbygenerativeAI.B.AIwrote80%ofthecontentofthepaperstheyhadcollected.C.AIcouldonlybeusedtoimprovelanguageinsteadofcontentofpapers.D.AImayhavecreatedonefifthofthecontentamong11%ofthesubmittedpapers.9.WhatcanwelearnaboutgenerativeAI?A.Itsometimesproducesdiscriminatorycontent.B.ItwillsurelyleadtothedeathofEnglishclassessays.C.It’sgettingpopularforitsaccuracyandquickresponse.D.Ithasbeenofficiallyacceptedinpublishedacademicwriting.10.WhatdoParagraphs4-5mainlyfocuson?A.Thewaystodetectplagiarisminpaperwriting.B.Thechallengesofusingplagiarismdetectiontools.C.Thedifferencesbetweenplagiarismandoriginalwriting.D.TheadvantagesofapplyingAIdetectorstofightingplagiarism.11.HowdoesEmilyIsaacsrespondtotheuseofdetectiontools?A.Shesupportsit. B.She’sagainstit.C.Shedoesn’tcare. D.She’scautious.【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述在过去一年里，学生们提交了超过2200万篇可能使用了生成人工智能的论文。【8题详解】细节理解题。由文章第二段“Turnitinfoundthat11percentofthesubmissionsmaycontainAI-writtenlanguagein20percentofitscontent,with3percentofthetotalpapersreviewedhaving80percentormoreAIwriting.(Turnitin发现，11%的投稿可能在20%的内容中包含人工智能书面语言，在审查的论文总数中，3%的论文包含80%或更多的人工智能文字。)”可知，人工智能可能在提交的11%的论文中创造了五分之一的内容。故选D项。【9题详解】细节理解题。由文章第三段“GenerativeAIchatbotshavealsobeencaughtproducingdiscriminatory(歧视性的)textongenderandrace.(一代又一代的人工智能聊天机器人也被发现在性别和种族方面制作歧视性文本。)”可知，生成人工智能有时会产生歧视性内容。故选A项。【10题详解】主旨大意题。由文章第四段“DetectingtheuseofgenerativeAIistricky.It’snotaseasyasmarkingplagiarism,becausegeneratedtextisstilloriginaltext.Plus,there’saslightdifferencetohowstudentsusegenerativeAI;somemayaskchatbotstowritetheirpapersfortheminlargepartsorinfull,whileothersmayusethetoolsasanaidorabrainstormpartner.(检测生成人工智能的使用是很棘手的。这并不像标记抄袭那么容易，因为生成的文本仍然是原始文本。此外，学生使用生成人工智能的方式略有不同；有些人可能会要求聊天机器人为他们撰写论文的大部分或全部，而另一些人可能会将这些工具用作帮助或集思广益的伙伴。)”以及第五段“Detectiontoolsthemselveshaveariskofdiscrimination.Englishlanguagelearnersmaybemorelikelytosetthemoff;a2023studyfounda61.3percentfalsepositiveratewhenevaluatingTestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage(TOEFL)examswithsevendifferentAIdetectors.(检测工具本身就有被歧视的风险。英语学习者可能更容易引起他们的兴趣；2023年的一项研究发现，在使用七种不同的人工智能检测器评估托福考试时，假阳性率为61.3%。)”可知，这两段主要讲使用剽窃检测工具的挑战。故选B项。【11题详解】推理判断题。由文章最后一段“‘Thisishard.Iunderstandwhypeoplewantatool,’saysEmilyIsaacs,executivedirectoroftheOfficeofFacultyExcellenceatMontclairState.ButIsaacssaystheuniversityisconcernedaboutpotentiallydiscriminatoryresultsfromAIdetectors,aswellasthefactthatthetoolscan’tprovideconfirmationthewaytheycanwithplagiarism.(蒙特克莱尔州立大学学院卓越办公室执行主任EmilyIsaacs说，‘这很难，我理解人们为什么想要一个工具。’但Isaacs表示，该大学担心人工智能检测器可能产生的歧视性结果，以及这些工具无法像对待抄袭那样提供确认的事实。)”可知，Isaacs对检测工具的使用持谨慎态度。故选D项。DArecentstudybyUCLAHealthdiscoveredthatwomenwhofeellonelyshowbrainactivityinareaslinkedtocravingsandthedrivetoeat,particularlywhenviewingimagesofhigh-caloriefoodslikesugarytreats.Thesewomenalsodisplayedunhealthyeatinghabitsandsufferedfrompoormentalhealth.ArpanaGupta,Ph.D.,aresearcherandco-directoroftheUCLAGoodman-LuskinMicrobiomeCenter,wantedtoresearchthenegativeimpactsofloneliness,especiallyaspeoplecontinuetobeworkingremotelyaftertheCOVID-19pandemic,andhowthebraininteractswithsocialisolation,eatinghabits,andmentalhealth.Whileitisestablishedthatobesityislinkedtodepressionandanxietyandthatovereatingisunderstoodtobeacopingmechanism(机制)againstloneliness,Guptawantedtoobservethebrainpathwaysassociatedwiththesefeelingsandbehaviors.Theresearcherssurveyed93womenabouttheirsupportsystemandtheirfeelingsoflonelinessandisolation,thenseparatedthemintotwogroups:thosewhoscoredhighontheperceivedsociallonelinessscale,andthosewhoscoredlow.Theresearchersfoundthatwomenwhohadhigherlevelsofsociallonelinesstendedtohavehigherfatmass,lowerdietquality,reward-basedeating,anduncontrolledeating,andincreasedlevelsofanxietyanddepression.Thewomenwerethenshownpicturesoffoodversusnon-food,sweetfoodversusnon-food,andsavoryfoodversusnon-food.MRIscansrecordedtheparticipants’brainactivitywhiletheyviewedtheseimages.Theresearchersfoundthatthegroupofwomenwhoperceivedthemselvestobelonelyexperiencedincreasedactivationinregionsofthebrainassociatedwithgreaterdrivetoeatsugaryfoods,anddecreasedactivationinthebrainregionassociatedwithself-controltowardeatingbehaviors.“Thesefindingsareinterestingbecauseitprovidesevidenceforwhatweintuitively(直觉地)know,”Guptasaid.“Whenpeoplearealoneorlonely,itimpactsmorethanhowtheyarefeeling;theyunderreportwhattheyeat,andtheirdesiretoeatunhealthyfoods.”12.Whichwordisclosestinmeaningto“craving”inParagraph1?A.Desire. B.Willingness. C.Discipline. D.Ambition.13.What’sthefunctionofParagraph2?A.Providingearlierresearchresults.B.Explainingtheresearchmethods.C.Introducingtheresearchbackground.D.Tellingthesignificanceoftheresearch.14.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmatchesthefindingsofthisresearch?A.Thelonelierwomenfeel,thelesstheyeat.B.Obesityislinkedtodepressionandanxiety.C.Lonelinesscandrivewomentoeatmoresugaryfood.D.Lonelywomenoftenlieabouttheirmentalproblems.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.EatingtheWaytoHappiness B.Feedingthe“LonelyBrain”C.LonelinessLeadstoObesity D.FoodSweetensSadSouls【答案】12.A13.C14.C15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项研究发现感到孤独的女性大脑中与渴望和食欲有关的区域活跃，尤其是在看到含糖食物等高热量食物的图像时。【12题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线单词前的“ArecentstudybyUCLAHealthdiscoveredthatwomenwhofeellonelyshowbrainactivityinareaslinkedto…andthedrivetoeat,particularlywhenviewingimagesofhigh-caloriefoodslikesugarytreats.(加州大学洛杉矶分校健康中心最近的一项研究发现，感到孤独的女性大脑中与……和食欲有关的区域活跃，尤其是在看到含糖食物等高热量食物的图像时。)”可知，研究发现感到孤独的女性大脑中与食欲相关的区域活跃，尤其是看到含糖食物等高热食物的图像时，划线单词与“thedrivetoeat”为并列关系，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“欲望”意义相近。故选A项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“ArpanaGupta,Ph.D.,aresearcherandco-directoroftheUCLAGoodman-LuskinMicrobiomeCenter,wantedtoresearchthenegativeimpactsofloneliness,especiallyaspeoplecontinuetobeworkingremotelyaftertheCOVID-19pandemic,andhowthebraininteractswithsocialisolation,eatinghabits,andmentalhealth.(加州大学洛杉矶分校古德曼-卢斯金微生物组中心的研究员兼联合主任阿帕纳·古普塔博士想研究孤独的负面影响，特别是在COVID-19大流行后人们继续远程工作的情况下，以及大脑如何与社会孤立、饮食习惯和心理健康相互作用。)”可知，该项研究是想研究孤独的负面影响的，并且提出了这项研究是在COVID-19大流行后人们继续远程工作的情况下进行，由此可推断，第二段是介绍了该项研究的背景。故选C项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据首段中的“ArecentstudybyUCLAHealthdiscoveredthatwomenwhofeellonelyshowbrainactivityinareaslinkedtocravingsandthedrivetoeat,particularlywhenviewingimagesofhigh-caloriefoodslikesugarytreats.(加州大学洛杉矶分校健康中心最近的一项研究发现，感到孤独的女性大脑中与渴望和食欲有关的区域活跃，尤其是在看到含糖食物等高热量食物的图像时。)”结合倒数第二段中的“Theresearchersfoundthatthegroupofwomenwhoperceivedthemselvestobelonelyexperiencedincreasedactivationinregionsofthebrainassociatedwithgreaterdrivetoeatsugaryfoods,anddecreasedactivationinthebrainregionassociatedwithself-controltowardeatingbehaviors.(研究人员发现，那些认为自己孤独的女性大脑中与吃含糖食物的欲望相关的区域活跃度增加，而与饮食行为自我控制相关的大脑区域活跃度降低。)”可知，这项研究发现，认为自己孤独的女性大脑中与吃含糖食物的欲望相关的区域活跃度增加，由此可知，孤独会驱使女性吃更多含糖的食物，所以C项讲述的内容与研究发现相匹配。故选C项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据首段中的“ArecentstudybyUCLAHealthdiscoveredthatwomenwhofeellonelyshowbrainactivityinareaslinkedtocravingsandthedrivetoeat,particularlywhenviewingimagesofhigh-caloriefoodslikesugarytreats.(加州大学洛杉矶分校健康中心最近的一项研究发现，感到孤独的女性大脑中与渴望和食欲有关的区域活跃，尤其是在看到含糖食物等高热量食物的图像时。)”结合尾段中的“Whenpeoplearealoneorlonely,itimpactsmorethanhowtheyarefeeling;theyunderreportwhattheyeat,andtheirdesiretoeatunhealthyfoods.(当人们独自一人或孤独时，它的影响不仅仅是他们的感受；他们低估了自己吃了什么，以及他们对不健康食品的渴望。)”可知，当人们感到孤独时，不仅仅影响到的是他们的感受，还有他们对不健康食品的渴望，综合以上信息可知，本文主要讲述的是一项研究发现人在孤独时，大脑中与渴望和食欲有关的区域活跃，所以题目“喂饱孤独的大脑”与本文的内容一致，且概括了文章的主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Nomatterwhereyouareontheplanet,theeffectsoftheclimatecrisisarevastandreal.Weknowindividualactionscanonlygetussofar,andsolvingtheissueofclimatechangeisthejobofgovernments._____16_____Herearesometipsforwhatweindividualscandotohelpworktowardamoresustainablefuture.SwitchtoclimatefriendlyhomeappliancesByusinghomeappliancesandvehiclesthatrunonelectricity,wecanhelpreduceourcarbonfootprintandleavemorefossilfuelsintheground.Hereareafewappliancestoconsider,suchasclothingdryerswiththe“EnergyStar”labelandwaterheatersthatuseheatpumptechnology._____17_____Sodon’tfeellikeyouhavetochangeoutyourappliancesovernight.Instead,buythemasyourexistingmachineswearout.EatlessmeatMeatproductionishardontheenvironment:Itrequiresalotoflandtoraisecattle—andglobally,manyforestsarebeingclearedtomakeroomforthoseanimals._____18_____Ifpeoplecouldcutbacktheirbeefconsumption,itcouldhaveamajorimpactoncreatingamoresustainablefoodsystem.Freezeproduceyoucan’tuserightawayAbout8%ofgreenhousegasemissionscomefromwastedfood,androughlyhalfofallfoodwasteoccursduring“theconsumptionstage”.Oneofthebesttoolstohelpreducewastedfood?Thefreezer.Ifyou’renotreadytousefreshfruitandvegetablesrightaway,freezethem.____19____CutbackonplasticTheplasticsproblemisoverwhelming.____20____Areyouusingabottleofbodywash?Replaceitwithabarofsoap.Bringyourownbagsforgroceriesinsteadofpackingyourgoodsinplasticbags,oryourfavoritereusablecuptoyourlocalcoffeeshop.A.Thislocksinflavorandnutrients.B.Butwealsoknowthatourdecisionsmatter.C.Andcowsthemselvesreleasealotofmethane.D.Thatmeansweshouldnotusetheoldappliancesanymore.E.Makingtheseupgradestoyourhomeandlifestylewillcostmoney.F.Themosteffectivethingyoucandoistofigureouthowmuchyouuse.G.Sogovernmentsshouldmakepoliciestosolveclimatechangeproblem.【答案】16.B17.E18.C19.A20.F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一些我们个人可以做些什么来帮助实现更可持续的未来的建议。【16题详解】由下文“Herearesometipsforwhatweindividualscandotohelpworktowardamoresustainablefuture.(以下是我们个人可以做些什么来帮助实现更可持续的未来的一些建议。)”可知，这里主要介绍我们个人能做什么来减少气候危机，而B项Butwealsoknowthatourdecisionsmatter.(但我们也知道，我们的决定很重要。)符合语境，其中ourdecisionsmatter与下文whatweindividualscandotohelp对应，有启下作用。故选B项。【17题详解】由下文“Sodon’tfeellikeyouhavetochangeoutyourappliancesovernight.Instead,buythemasyourexistingmachineswearout.(所以，不要觉得你必须在一夜之间更换电器。相反，在现有机器磨损时购买它们。)”可知，这里指不要期待一次把所有电器换完，而E项Makingtheseupgradestoyourhomeandlifestylewillcostmoney.(对你的家和生活方式进行这些升级需要花钱。)符合语境，与下文构成因果关系，且theseupgrades与上文clothingdryers和waterheaters对应，所以有承上启下作用。故选E项。【18题详解】由上文“Meatproductionishardontheenvironment:Itrequiresalotoflandtoraisecattle—andglobally,manyforestsarebeingclearedtomakeroomforthoseanimals.(肉类生产对环境造成了很大的影响：它需要大量的土地来饲养牲畜——在全球范围内，许多森林正在被砍伐，为这些动物腾出空间。)”可知，这里主要讲肉类生产对环境造成了很大的影响。而C项Andcowsthemselvesreleasealotofmethane.(奶牛自身也会释放大量甲烷。)符合语境，其中cows与上文cattle对应，有承上作用。故选C项。【19题详解】由上文“Oneofthebesttoolstohelpreducewastedfood?Thefreezer.Ifyou’renotreadytousefreshfruitandvegetablesrightaway,freezethem.(帮助减少浪费食物的最佳工具之一？冷冻室。如果你还没有准备好立即使用新鲜的水果和蔬菜，就把它们冷冻起来。)”可知，这里主要建议把多余的食物冷冻起来，而A项Thislocksinflavorandnutrients.(这锁住了味道和营养。)符合语境，其中this代指上文freezethem，有承上作用。故选A项。【20题详解】由下文“Areyouusingabottleofbodywash?Replaceitwithabarofsoap.Bringyourownbagsforgroceriesinsteadofpackingyourgoodsinplasticbags,oryourfavoritereusablecuptoyourlocalcoffeeshop.(你在用一瓶沐浴露吗？换上一块肥皂。带上你自己的杂货袋，而不是用塑料袋来包装你的商品，或者带上你最喜欢的可重复使用的杯子去咖啡店。)”可知，这里主要讲通过自己的方式减少塑料使用。而F项Themosteffectivethingyoucandoistofigureouthowmuchyouuse.(你能做的最有效的事情就是弄清楚你用了多少。)符合语境，其中howmuchyouuse和后文举例减少使用塑料对应，有启下作用。故选F项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Thedoorbellrangonemid-Decemberevening.Ifrequentlyhad____21____visitorsinthoseearlydaysaftermyhusband’sdeath.Wewonderedwhoitmightbethistime.`Butwhenmy6-year-oldsonDannyopenedthedoor,nobodywasthere.Instead,onthedoormatwasaboxwithanote____22____,whichread“OntheFirstDayofChristmas…”Thesecondnight,Iturnedontheporch(门廊)lightsowecouldseewhowasleavingthe____23____,thenDannyandIsatonthesofaand____24____.Whenthedoorbellrang,Dannyrantothefrontofthehouse,butallhefoundwerethreelargecandycanes.Same____25____:“OnthesecondDayofChristmas…”Thisseemedlikethekindof____26____myfriendCarenwouldmake,soI____27____thesecretSantatoher,butshe____28____thatshehadn’tdoneit.“____29____,”shesaid,“Iwishitwasme!”.Forthenextcoupleofnights,Danny_____30_____nearthefrontdooraslongashecouldtospotthegiver,butinvain.Inthosedarkdaysofgrief,somebody_____31_____ourlifewithasimplebut_____32_____message:“Youareloved.”Fifteenyearslater,Istilldon’tknowwhogaveus_____33_____inthemidstofourgrief.AndI’m_____34_____thatIdon’tknow.Thenot-knowingbecamemyfavoritepart.Thatmysteriouslightpusheditswayintoour_____35_____.Notamiracle.Notmagic.Justgenerous,selfless,humanlove.21.A.enthusiastic B.unexpected C.patient D.cautious22.A.connected B.signed C.attached D.decorated23.A.gift B.evidence C.puzzle D.bag24.A.sighed B.relaxed C.waited D.slept25.A.routine B.dialogue C.result D.message26.A.mistake B.wish C.effort D.comment27.A.mentioned B.introduced C.showed D.brought28.A.suggested B.objected C.revealed D.insisted29.A.Fortunately B.Seriously C.Undoubtedly D.Suddenly30.A.appeared B.played C.walked D.hid31.A.me