高中英语语法基础 -定语从句知识点总结归纳讲解（附同步练习）(有答案)

高中英语语法基础—定语从句知识点归纳讲解(附同步练习)

一、定语从句的两个要点：

★先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。通常情况下，引导词前面的名词即为从句的先行词。

★关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。也可以称作引导词。

①关系代词：who,whom,which,that,whose,as,在从句内作主语、宾语等名词性成分。

②关系副词：when,where,why在从句内作状语。

二、定语从句的关系词(引导词)用法精讲：

(一).使用who、whom、which、that的定语从句

1.who

Thisistheboywhoplaysbasketballverywell.

ThisistheteacherwhoisteachingusEnglish.

▲who指人，在从句中作主语。

2.whom

Thisistheboy(whom)Ioftenhelp.

Themanisourheadmaster(whom)youmetjustnow.

Imetthegirl(whom)youoftenpraise.

▲whom指人，在从句中作宾语，可省略。

3.which

Thisisthefarmwhichkeepsmanycows.

Thisisthefarm(which)Ivisiteveryyear.

▲which指事物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。

4.that

以上三种情况均可用thato指人或指物，可作主语和宾语，作宾语时可省略。

(—).使用whose的定语从句

Doyouknowthegirlwhosofatherismayor.

Iusedtoworkinanofficewhosewindowfacesnorth.

Iworkinaschoolwhosestudentsareexcellent.

▲whose指人或物的所属关系，表示“某人的”或“某物的"。whose在从句中做定语。

(三).只能用that引导定语从句的情况

(1)先行词为不定代词all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much

Iwilldoall(that)Icantohelpyou.

Parentstrytooffereverything(that)childrenneed.

Thereisnotmuch(that)Icandohere.

(2)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。

ThisisthefirstEnglishnovel(that)Ihaveeverread.

Thisisthelastlesson(that)Iwillgiveyou.

Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.

(3)先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时。

Thisistheonlything(that)Icandoforyou.

Thisistheverybook(that)Iamlookingfor.

(4)人和物同时作先行词时。

Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpeople(that)wesawintheforeigncountry.

(5)避免重复：who/which开头的疑问句。

Whoisthemanthatisstandingoverthere?

Whichisthebook(that)youwanttoborrow?

(6)当引导词在定语从句中作表语时，引导词也可省略。

Heisnolongertheman(that)hewas.=Heisnolongerwhathewas.(表语从句)

(四)・使用“介词+which”和“介词+whom”的定语从句

Thisisthevillageinwhich/whereIwasborn.

PhysicsisasubjectinwhichIamveryinterested.

ThisisthemanwithwhomIamworking.

Ihavemanyfriends,mostofwhomarebusinessmen.

Ihavetwosisters,bothofwhomliveinthecountryside.

区分：

ThisisthegardenwhichIamlookingafter.

▲lookafter,takecareof,lookfor等固定词组,介词不可分开。

(五),使用where,when,why的定语从句

1.where

ThisisthevillagewhereIwasbom.

区分：

①Thisisthevillagewhichhasmanygreenhouses.

ThisistheshopwhereIbuybread.

②Thisistheshopwhichsellsbread.

ThisistheschoolwhereIamworking.

③Thisistheschoolwhichhasmanygoodteachersandstudents.

▲where指地点，代替表示地点的介词短语（介词+先行词），在从句中作状语。

which指事物，在从句中做主语/宾语，不做状语。

▲当point,situation,conditions等词作先行词表抽象的地点，其后常由where引导

Canyouthinkoutasituationthiswordcanbeused?

Herillnesshasdevelopedtothepointnobodycancureher.

2.when

rilneverforgetthedayswhenwestudiedtogether.

区分：

I'llneverforgetthedays（which）wespenttogether.

Wearelivinginanagewhenmanythingsaredoneoncomputer.

Wearelivinginanagewhichisseeinggreatchanges.

▲when指时间，代替表示时间的介词短语（介词+先行词），在从句中作状语。

which,指时间，在从句中做主语/宾语，不做状语。

3.why

Hetoldmethereasonwhyhedidn'tcometoschool.

区分：

Thereason（which）hegaveusisnottrue.

▲why指原因，代替forthereason,在从句中作状语。which指原因，在从句中做主语/宾语，不做状语。

例题：

1）Theywillhavetoputoffhisconcertuntilnextmonth,hefinisheshistravelaroundtheworld.

（when=nextmonth；在从句中作状语）

2）Anyway,thatevening,I'lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel9splace.

（which=thatevening；在从句中作宾语）

3）Lifeislikealongracewecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.

（where=intherace；在从句中作状语）

4）Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,daysaregonelocal5-starhotelscharged6,000yuanforonenight.

（when=duringthedays；在从句中作状语）

5）Thereasonherejectedourplanisthathehadnofaithinus.

(why=forthereason；在从句中作状语)

6)Theprofessorlistedanumberofcasespeopleshouldn'ttalktostrangers.

(where=inthecases；在从句中作状语)

7)IhavereachedapointinmylifeIamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.

(where=atthepoint；在从句中作状语)

8)Ifshelpfultoputchildreninasituationtheycanseethemselvesdifferently.

(where=inthesituation；在从句中作状语)

9)Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreadersconsumers5complaintshaveresultedinchangesin

thelaw.(where=inthecases；在从句中作状语)

(六).way做先行词，用inwhich/that引导定从，或省略，引导词在从句中作状语。

1)Iliketheway(inwhich/that)youtalk.

2)Idon'tliketheway(inwhich/that)shewhispersinothers'ears.

区分：

Wemustlearntoactinwaysdonotharmotherlivingthings.(that；作主语)

三、非限制性定语从句

(-)非限制性定语从句，先行词后有逗号。

先行词常为''人名或地名”，定语从句对其说明作用不大，完全可以省略。不能使用that,其他根据情况

均可使用。

1.Football,isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld,(which)

2.Myfather,isakindman,worksinthisschool,(who)

3.Lincoln,waskilledin1865,wasagoodpresident.(who)

4.MissZhao,youmet,isourEnglishteacher.(whom)

(二).Which,as指代一句话，引导非限制性定语从句.

1.Igaveherahand,whichmadeherhappy.

2.Hecamelate,whichisoftenthecase.

▲Which指代一句话，引导非限制性定语从句，译成“这一点，这件事”，放主句后。

Asiswell-known,Chinaisdevelopingveryfast.(定从)

Chinaisdevelopingveryfast,asiswell-known.（定从）

区分:

Itiswell-knownthatChinaisdevelopingveryfast.（主从）

▲as指代一句话，引导非限制性定语从句，常译成“正如，正像”，放句首或句尾。

（三）.as引到的限制性定语从句,such...as,thesame...as

Hereissuchabigstoneasnoonecanlift.（定从）

比较:as和that的区别

Hereissuchabigstonenoonecanliftit.（that；状从）

Sheissuchanicegirleveryonelikes,（as定从）

Sheissuchanicegirleveryonelikesher.（that状从）

Hisplanwassuchagoodoneweallagreedtoaccept,（as定从）

Hisplanwassuchagoodoneweallagreedtoacceptit.（that状从）

定语从句同步练习:

-.单项选择。

1.InfacttheSweden（王常典人）didnotunderstandthethreequestionswereaskedinFrench.

A.whereB.whoC.inwhichD.which

2.Haveyouseenthefilm“Titanic”,leadingactorisworldfamous?

A.itsB.whoseC.whichD.ifs

3.Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,wehadn'texpected.

A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what

4.isknowntoall,Chinawillbeanadvancedandpowerfulcountryin20or30years5time.

A.ItB.ThatC.WhichD.As

5.Thegentlemanyoutoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.

A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhom

6.Hepaidtheboy&10forwashingthewindows,mostofhadn'tbeencleanedforatleastayear.

A.themB.thoseC.thatD.which

7.Chinahashundredsofislands,Taiwanisthelargest.

A.inwhichB.ofwhichC.whichD.that

8.ThedayfinallycameIwasofferedajob.

A.whenB.thatC.whichD.since

9.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuthesaidit.

A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich

10.NewYork,lastyear,isaniceoldcity.

A.thatIvisitedB.whichIvisitedC.whereIvisitedD.inwhichIvisited

11.hasbeenannounced,weshallhaveourfinalexamnextmonth.

A.ThatB.AsC.ItD.What

12.Thefamousbasketballstar,triedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.

A.whereB.whenC.whichD.who

13.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoawinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.

A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen

14.ThankyouforgivingmetheBestDesign,theverybookI'mlookingfor.

A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where

15.He'ssaidtohavebeenspendinghisholidaysinShanghai,isacoastalcity.

A.whichB.whereC.thatD.as

16.Thereisnosuchplaceyoudreamofinthewholeworld.

A.thatB.asC.whichD.what

17.ThemountainvillagewespentourholidaylastmonthliesinHubei.

A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when

18.Thereasonhegavewasthathehadgotuplate

A.whyB.thatC.ofwhichD.forwhich

19.ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.

.A.afterthatB.fromthatC.fromwhichD.afterwhich

20.Lookout!Don,tgetclosetothehouse,roofisunderrepair.

A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.that

二.用适当的引导词完成下列定语从句。

1.ThisistheteacheristeachingusEnglish.

2.Thisisthefarm_____________keepsmanycows.

3.ThisisthefarmIamworkingnow.

4.ThisisthefarmIvisiteveryyear.

5.Birthdayisadayisimportantforeveryone.

6.FilneverforgetthedayIfirstcametothisschool.

7.ThatwasadayI'llrememberforever.

8.Idon'tknowthereasonheoftentellslie