选择性必修二《Unit 5 First Aid》单元导学案

选择性必修二《Unit5FirstAid》单元导学案Period1ReadingandThinking导学案【学习目标】tounderstandthecauses,types,characteristicsandfirstaidmethodsofburns,throughreadingToimprovetheirabilitytodealwithburnssandtheirawarenessofburnspreventionToimprovetheabilitytojudgethetypesoftextsaccuratelyandtomasterthecharacteristicsandwritingtechniquesofexpositorytexts.【学习重难点】tounderstandthecauses,types,characteristicsandfirstaidmethodsofburns,throughreading【学习过程】Beforereading1:Whatfirst-aidtechniquesdoyouknowof?2.Ifyougetanosebleed,whatshouldyoudo?3.Whatisthetexttype?4.Whatkindsofaspectsarementionedinthetext?whilereading:1):Readanddecidewhetherthefollowingsentencesaretrueorfaulse.Yourskingivesyouprotectionfrommanydangerousthings.___Afirst-degreeburnhasthisnamebecauseitisthemostserious.____Second-degreeburnscanbethemostpainfulkindofburn.____Itisimportanttousecoolwatertostoptheheatfromremaininginthewoundregardlessofthedegreeoftheburn.____Puttingbutteroroilonburnshelpsbecauseitmayreduceswellingandeasediscomfort._____2):readandanswer:Lookatthesmallerheadlines:1.Howmanytopicsaretalkedabout?2.Whatarethey?3.Whyshouldyouputcoldwateronaburn?4.Whydoesn’tathirddegreeburnhurt?5.Whydoyouthinkclothesnearburnsshouldberemoved?6.Ifsomeonehasathirddegreeburn,whymightyouseetissue?3):paragraphreading:Paragraph1:readpara1andfillintheblanks1.Paragraphoneismainlyaboutthe________ofskin.2.Whatarethefunctionsofskin?Actsasa________againstdiseases,poisonsandthesun’sharmfulrays._______________controlbodytemperature.________________youfromlosingwater.Giveyouthe_______ofcold,heatorpainandthe______oftouch.Paragraph2---thelastbutoneparagraph,solvethefollowingquestions:Whatarethecausesofburns?Howmanytypesofburnsarethere?Thereare_____typesofburns,whicharecalledthefirst,secondandthird______burns,dependingonwhich_____oftheskinareburned.3.Whatarethecharacteristicsofeachburn?Firstdegreeburns:affectonlythe____playeroftheskin.dry,redandmildly_____________painfulturn____whenpressedSeconddegreeburns:affectboththe___andthe______layeroftheskin.______,redandswollen_____________surface_________painfulThirddegreeburns:affectall_____layersoftheskinandanytissueandorgans______theskin.blackandwhiteandthetissue__________canoftenbeseen.swollen;often_____underthemcanbeseenlittleorno_____ifnervesaredamaged;maybepainfularound_____ofinjuredareakeysbeforereading:1:Whatfirst-aidtechniquesdoyouknowof?CPR;mouthtomouthartificialrespiration;theHeimlichManoeuvre2.Ifyougetanosebleed,whatshouldyoudo?IfIgetanosebleed,Iwillsitdown,tiltmyheadforwardslightly.Don’tletmyheadbacktostopthebleeding.3.Whatisthetexttype?Anexpositorywriting4.Whatkindsofaspectsarementionedinthetext?causesoffirstburns,differenttypesofburns,characteristicsofburns,andfirstaidproceduresofburnswhilereading:1:Readanddecidewhetherthefollowingsentencesaretrueorfaulse.keys：TFTTF:readandanswer:Lookatthesmallerheadlines:1.Howmanytopicsaretalkedabout?Four.2.Whatarethey?CausesofburnsTypesofburnsCharacteristicsofburnsFirstaidtreatment3Whyshouldyouputcoldwateronaburn?Becausethecoldwaterstopstheburningprocess,stopsthepainandreducestheswelling.4.Whydoesn’tathirddegreeburnhurt?Becauseinthethirddegreeburnthenerveshavebeendamaged.Iftherearenonerves,thereisnopain.5.Whydoyouthinkclothesnearburnsshouldberemoved?Becausebacteriafromtheclothescouldinfecttheburns.6Ifsomeonehasathirddegreeburn,whymightyouseetissue?Becauseallthelayersoftheskinhavebeenburntshowingthetissueunderneath.paragraphreading:Paragraph1:readpara1andfillintheblanksParagraphoneismainlyaboutthe________ofskin.types2.Whatarethefunctionsofskin?keys:functions;barrier;helps;prevent;feeling;senseParagraph2---thelastbutoneparagraph,solvethefollowingquestions:Whatarethecausesofburns?hotliquids;fire;radiation;thesun;electricity;acids;orotherchemicals2.Howmanytypesofburnsarethere?Thereare_____typesofburns,whicharecalledthefirst,secondandthird______burns,dependingonwhich_____oftheskinareburned.keys:three;layers;degree3.Whatarethecharacteristicsofeachburn?Firstdegreeburns:affectonlythe____playeroftheskin.(top)dry,redandmildly_____________painfulturn____whenpressedkeys:swollen;mildly;whiteSeconddegreeburns:affectboththe___andthe______layeroftheskin.(top;second)______,redandswollen_____________surface_________painfulkeys:rough;blisters;watery;extremelyThirddegreeburns:affectall_____layersoftheskinandanytissueandorgans______theskin.(three;under)blackandwhiteandthetissue__________canoftenbeseen.swollen;often_____underthemcanbeseenlittleorno_____ifnervesaredamaged;maybepainfularound_____ofinjuredareakeys:underneath;tissue;pain;edgePeriod2LearningaboutLanguage导学案【学习目标】1.touseunittopicwordsandthesentencepatternsinarichercontext.2.tousewordformationtoinduceandmemorizevocabulary,andtheabilitytouselexicalchunkstoexpressmeaning.【学习过程】1:Readthepassageaboutchemicalburnsandfillintheblankswiththecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.incidentlooseurgentorganacidvictimAchemicalburnoccurswhenyourskinoreyescomeintocontactwithan_1____________orotherchemicals.Such__2__________canbeverydangerousandrequire__3__________attention.Chemicalburnscanevenaffectyourinternal__4___________ifthechemicalsareswallowed.Firstaidshouldbegiventochemicalburnsimmediately.Forexample,wraptheburntarea5____________withacleanclothifpossible.ltisimportanttosendthe__6___________tothehospitalrightawayifheorsheisseverelyburnt.1._________________2.________________3._______________4.____________5.___________________6._______________________2:CompletethesentenceaccordingtotheChinesemeaningsandtheinitialletters.1．Everyn_____________(神经)inherbodywastense.2．Athinl_____________(层)ofdustcoveredeverything.3．Shewastheinnocentv_____________(受害者)ofanarsonattack.4．Thisjacketistoobig,evenwithasweateru_____________(在……底下).5．Asheturnsitover,hediscoversthatoneendisl_____________(松的)．6．Itispredictedthatsome_____________(器官)canbeclonedinthefuture.7．Theartistcombinesdifferent_____________(技术)inthesamepainting.8．Thewindowswereshininginthereflected_____________(光线)ofthesettingsun.9．Theysufferfromhealthproblemsandfearthelongtermeffectsof_____________(辐射).10．IfyoucometovisitChina,youwillexperienceacultureofamazingdepthand_____________(多样性)．1.________________2._______________3._______________4.______________5.___________6.________________7._______________8._______________9.______________10.__________3:Matchthewordswithitsdefinition1.scream A.togiveortobeagoodreasonfor2.choke B.tomakealoudhighnoisewithyourvoice3.grab C.tosuddenlyfalldownorbecomeunconsciousbecauseyouareillorweak4.justify D.tobeunabletobreatheproperlybecausesomethingisinyourthroat5.collapse E.totakeholdofsomeoneorsomethingwithasuddenorviolentmovementStep4:completethesentencewiththecorrectformsofwordsinthebox.scream,grab,collapse,choke,justifypracticalinterrupt,desperate,tight,foggy1.Thousandsofbuildings_______________intheearthquake.

2.Ican’treally___________takinganotherdayoffwork.

3.Thebookisfullofgoodideasto___________yourstudents’attention.

4.Ifeltasiftherewasaweightonmychest,___________me.

5.Afterthefirstfewshots,peoplestartedto___________.6.Wearing___________clothes,particularlynon-cottonunderwearorpants.

7.Iwanttogainsome___________experienceofthework.

8.Iheardsoundsofa___________struggleinthenextroom.

9.ItwasnowthemiddleofNovember,coldandoften___________.

10.Sorryto___________,butthere’ssomeonetoseeyou.

5:Dictatethekeywordsandphrasesinthisunit.Part1:keywords:1.___________________n．受害者；患者2． vi.膨胀；肿胀3．prep.&adv.在……底下；隐藏在下面4． n．神经5． n．织物；布料；(社会、机构等的)结构6． adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的7． adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的8． n．容易；舒适；自在vi.&vt.使宽慰；使顺利9． n．技能；技术；技艺10． n．(人或动植物的)器官11． n．散页印刷品；传单；小册子12． n．光线；光束；(热、电等)射线13． n．辐射；放射线14． n．酸adj.酸的；酸性的15． adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的16． n．层；表层；层次17． adj.电的；用电的；电动的Part2:Keyphrases1． 触觉2． 触电；电击3． (对伤患者的)急救4． 导致；通向5． 各种各样的6． 被分成7． 马上；立刻8． 坚持；粘住9． 确信；证实10． 忍受；遭受11. 阻止……做某事12． 被晒伤；烧伤13． 把……涂到……答案1:Readthepassageaboutchemicalburnsandfillintheblankswiththecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.incidentlooseurgentorganacidvictimkeys:1.acid2.incidents3.urgent4.organs5.loosely6.victim2:CompletethesentenceaccordingtotheChinesemeaningsandtheinitialletters.1．Everynerve(神经)inherbodywastense.2．Athinlayer(层)ofdustcoveredeverything.3．Shewastheinnocentvictim(受害者)ofanarsonattack.4．Thisjacketistoobig,evenwithasweaterunderneath(在……底下).5．Asheturnsitover,hediscoversthatoneendisloose(松的)．6．Itispredictedthatsomeorgans(器官)canbeclonedinthefuture.7．Theartistcombinesdifferenttechniques(技术)inthesamepainting.8．Thewindowswereshininginthereflectedrays(光线)ofthesettingsun.9．Theysufferfromhealthproblemsandfearthelongtermeffectsofradiation(辐射).10．IfyoucometovisitChina,youwillexperienceacultureofamazingdepthandvariety(多样性)．3:Matchthewordswithitsdefinitionkeys:1.B2.D3.E4.A5.C4:completethesentencewiththecorrectformsofwordsinthebox.scream,grab,collapse,choke,justifypracticalinterrupt,desperate,tight,foggykeys:1.collapse2.justify3.grab4.choking5.scream6.tight7.practical8.desperate9.foggy10.interrupt5:Dictatethekeywordsandphrasesinthisunit.Part1:keys:1.victim2.swell3.underneath4.nerve5.fabric6.loose7.urgent8.ease9.technique10.organ11.leaflet12.ray13.radiation14.acid15.minor16.layer17.electricPart2:Keyphraseskeys:senseoftouch2.electricshock3.firstaid4.leadto5.avarietyof6.bedividedinto7.atonce8.stickto9.makesure10.sufferfrom11.prevent…from…12.getburnt13.apply…to….Period3Discoveringusefulstructures导学案【学习目标】1.torewritethesentencewiththe-ingformandsummarizethedifferentstructuresinthesentence2.tosummarizethegrammaticalfunctionofthe"ing"formoftheverbandunderstanditsexpressiveeffect.3.tolearngrammarfromself-inductionofgrammarrulestoflexibleuseofgrammarpointsandlanguageoutput.4.tounderstandthedifferencebetween–ingformofverbsandthegerundforms.【学习过程】一:找出本单元所有包含-ing形式的句子，并总结其作用。语法功能：二:复习有关-ing形式的基本知识:动词­ing形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。一、动词­ing形式(动名词)作主语1．动词­ing形式作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首。Readingaloudisagoodwaytolearnalanguage.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。Wastingaperson'stimeisthesameaskillinghimforhisproperty.浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。[点津](1)不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。Tolietoheriswrong.对她撒谎不对。(2)动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Climbingmountainsisreallydifficultfortheold.对于老人来说爬山确实困难。2．形式主语it代替动词­ing形式作主语。此类句式常见的有：It'sawasteoftimedoingsth.做某事是浪费时间It'suseless/worthwhiledoingsth.做某事没用/是值得的It'snogood/use/fundoingsth.做某事没用/没意思Itisnouse______________________otherpeopletomakedecisionsforyou.等别人替你做决定是没有用的。Itisawasteoftime______________________suchapersontojoinus.劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。3．当句型“Thereisno...”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动词­ing形式作主语。Thereisno__________________thattheenvironmentisfrombadtoworse.不能否认，环境状况正在逐步恶化。Thereisno______________________aboutsuchmatters.这种事开不得玩笑。Playingwithfireisdangerous.玩火危险。Becareful！Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.小心点！玩火会带来危险。Swimmingisagoodsportinsummer.夏天游泳是一项好的体育活动。It'snouse_________________________withouttakingaction.只抱怨不行动是没用的。二、动词­ing形式(动名词)作宾语1．作动词的宾语常接动词­ing形式作宾语的动词有：avoid、miss、postpone避免，错过，推迟advise/suggest、finish、practice建议，完成，练习enjoy、imagine、can'thelp享受，想象，情不自禁admit、deny、envy承认，否认，嫉妒escape、risk、excuse逃避、冒险、借口stand、keep、mind站着，记住，介意Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意打开窗子吗？Hetriedtoavoid________________________________myquestions.他试图对我的问题避而不答。2．作动词短语的宾语常见的跟动词­ing形式作宾语的动词短语有：insiston、objectto、begoodat、befondof、leadto、putoff、giveup、lookforwardto、feellike、devoteto、get/beusedto、payattentionto、beworth等。Heinsistedon____________________itinhisownway.他坚持要按照自己的方法做。3．在有些动词的后面，如：start、begin、continue等既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。Theycontinuedworking/toworkasifnothinghadhappened.他们继续工作，似乎什么也没发生过。4．在love、hate、prefer、like等动词后接动词­ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作，用不定式作宾语指具体的动作。Hepreferred_________________________inthehousewhenitrained.下雨时他宁愿待在家里。(用动词­ing形式作宾语，指每逢天下雨都待在家里。)Iprefertostayathomethisafternoon.今天下午我宁愿留在家里。(用动词不定式作宾语，表示今天下午留在家里这一具体的动作。)5．有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词­ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有：动词 宾语的形式 意义forgettodo 忘记做……~doing 忘记做过……remembertodo 记着要去做……~doing 记得做过……regrettodo 遗憾/抱歉要做……~doing 后悔做了……trytodo 尽力做……~doing 尝试做……mean todo 打算做…… ~doing 意味着……goon todo 接着做(另外一件事)~ doing 接着做(同一件事)stop todo 停下来去做……~ doing 停止做……Pleaseremembertogivemybestregardstoyourfamily.请记着代我向你的家人问好。Istillremembe_____________________________themuseumforthefirsttime.我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。6．下列动词可接动词­ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。need/want/require/deservedoing＝need/want/require/deservetobedoneThebikeneedsr___________________/___________________.这辆自行车需要修一下。Iremembertomailtheletterbutforgettobuythestamp.我记得要去寄信可忘了买邮票了。Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour．误了这班火车就意味着再等一个小时。It'squitehottoday.Doyoufeellike_________________gforaswim?今天很热。你愿意去游泳吗？三、动词­ing形式作表语作表语的动词­ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有moving、interesting、encouraging、exciting、inspiring、boring、surprising、puzzling、amusing、astonishing...这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。Theargumentisvery____________________________.这个论点很令人信服。Yourspeechisveryinterestingand_______________________.你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。2．动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。Herjobiskeepingthelecturehallascleanaspossible.＝_____________________thelecturehallascleanaspossibleisherjob.她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。Hisjobispaintingwalls.他的工作是粉刷墙。Hisjobistopaintthewall.他的工作是粉刷这面墙。四、动词­ing形式作定语动名词和现在分词都可以作定语，但有所区别。1．动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，相当于for引导的介词短语。Nooneisallowedtospeakaloudinthereadingroom.阅览室里不准大声说话。2．现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。Theboyplayingfootballontheplaygroundismyyoungerbrother.＝Theboy_________________________________________ontheplaygroundismyyoungerbrother.在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。[点津]现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别：现在分词表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。Youshouldadapttothechangingsituation.你应该适应不断变化的形势。Thegroundiscoveredwithfallenleaves.地上满是落叶。Ourschoolwentonan_____________________triplastweek.我们学校上周进行了一次有组织的旅行。Ican'tgowithyou,forIhavealotofworktodo．我不能和你一起去，因为我有许多工作要做。There'sanote_________________________tothedoorsayingwhentheshopwillopenagain.门上别着一张便条，上面写着商店什么时候再开门。五、动词­ing形式(现在分词)作宾语补足语动词­ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词­ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。1．表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)(常见的有see、hear、feel、smell、find、notice、observe、lookat、listento等)＋sb.＋doingsth.(作宾语补足语)。Ifeltsomebody________________________behindme.我感觉有人站在我后面。Isawthelittleboy________________________there.我看到小男孩在那儿哭。2．表示指使意义的使役动词(常见的有have、let、keep、get、leave等)＋sb./sth.＋doingsth.(作宾语补足语)。Wekeptthefire________________________allnightlong.我们让火整夜燃烧着。Iwon'thaveyou__________________________aboutintheroom.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。[点津]使役动词接现在分词作宾语补足语表示“让……一直做某事”。接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语表示“让某人做某事”；接过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“主语请某人做某事，使完成某事或主语遭遇某事”。Theyusecomputerstokeepthetraffic________________________smoothly.他们用电脑使交通畅通。Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdogfollowingthem.那对老夫妇晚饭后经常带着他们的宠物狗在公园散步。Hehadthewalls________________________thismorning.他今天早上让人粉刷了墙。Tom'smothermadehimpaintthehouse.汤姆的母亲让他油漆房子。Becareful,oryou'llhaveyourhands______________.当心，否则会弄伤手的。3．用于with复合结构中。Icouldn'tdomyhomeworkwiththenoisegoingon.由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。Withsomanypeoplelookingather,shefeltnervous.这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。Isuddenlyfeltmyselfbeinghitbyaheavyfist.我突然感到自己被重重地打了一拳。Hewantstohavehiseyesexaminedtomorrow.他明天想去检查眼睛。Weshouldn'tkeepourlights________________intheday.我们白天不应该开着灯。Withallfans___________________together，hefeltsoproud.所有的粉丝一起歌唱，他感到如此的骄傲。六、动词­ing形式(现在分词)作状语的用法现在分词(短语)在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。1．作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句)__________________________inthepark,shesawanoldfriend.＝When/While(shewas)walkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。[点津]当表示正在进行的动作时，可直接在分词前面加上when/while，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。2．作原因状语(一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句)Beingill,hecouldn'tgotoschool.＝________________hewasill,hecouldn'tgotoschool.因为生病了，他无法去上学。3．作条件状语(一般放在句首，其前可以加if、unless等连词)。Workinghard,you'llmakegreatprogress.＝If___________________________,you'llmakegreatprogress.如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。4．作结果状语现在分词作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,allowingmorepatientstobetreated.这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能得到治疗。[点津]现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。试比较：Hewascaughtintherain,thus____________________________acold.被雨淋后他感冒了。Ihurriedtoschool,____________________________________itwasSunday.我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。5．作让步、方式和伴随状语现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroom,readingabook.＝Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroomand____________________________abook.玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。[点津]为强调动词­ing形式表达的意义，可在其前加上各种连词。例如，加上when、while，强调与谓语动词同时发生；加上before、after，强调动作先后发生；加上thus，强调结果；加上(al)though，强调让步等。_________________________________allthis,theymademepayforthedamage.尽管他们了解这一切，但还是让我赔偿损失。Thereisnogreaterpleasurethanlyingonmybackinthemiddleofthegrassland,staringatthenightsky。没有什么比躺在草地中央，望着夜空更快乐的事了。Beingpoor,hecan'taffordacomputer.因为穷，他买不起电脑。Newly­builtwoodencottageslinethestreet,_____________________theoldtownintoadreamland.新建的木屋沿着街道排列，把老城区变成了一个梦幻之地。七、动词­ing形式的时态和语态语态时态 主动语态 被动语态一般式 doing beingdone完成式 havingdone havingbeendone1.现在分词的时态当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式；当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用分词的完成式。Walkinginthestreet,Imetanoldfriendofmine.我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)______________________________theletter,hewenttopostit.他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(havingfinished是先发生的，went是后发生的)2．现在分词的语态使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。_______________________________aroundthefactory,theywereveryhappy.(现在分词的被动式)被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.(现在分词的主动式)完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。Seeingnobodyathome,hedecidedtoleavethemanote.看到没人在家，他决定给他们留个便条。________________________forseveraltimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandtherules.虽然被告诉了好几次，他还是不明白规则。Havingreceivedhisreply,sheranghimup.收到他的回信后，她给他打了电话。Beingtalkedto,youshouldlookintotheeyesoftheperson.和别人说话时，你应该看着对方的眼睛。Havingbeenaskedtoworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.由于那天晚上被要求加班，我错过了一场精彩的电影。八、动词­ing形式的否定形式及动词­ing形式的复合结构1．动词­ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，带有逻辑主语时not应放在逻辑主语和动词­ing形式之间。Youhavenoexcusefornotgoing.你没有理由不去。Hewaspunishedfornothavingfinishedhishomework.他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。2．动词­ing形式复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词­ing，即“sb./sb.'s＋doing”构成。动词­ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词­ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词­ing形式的复合结构有四种形式：①形容词性物主代词＋动词­ing②名词所有格＋动词­ing③代词宾格＋动词­ing④名词＋动词­ingHercomingtohelpencouragedallofus.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。Thebabywasmadeawakebythedoorsuddenlyshutting.这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。Canyouimaginehim/Jackcookingathome?你能想象他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗？无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用第②种形式。Tom'swinningfirstprizelastyearimpressedmealot.汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。Doyoumindmy/me/Jack's/Jackleavingnow?你介意我/杰克现在离开吗？Excusemeformynotcomingontime．很抱歉我没能按时来。Hisfather'sbeingillmadehimworried.他父亲病了，他很担心。Wearelookingforwardtothesinger's/thesingertogiveusaconcert.我们盼望着这位歌手来给我们举办一场演唱会。三：巩固练习。A.单句语法填空1．BaptisteDubanchetisbikingacrossEurope,________________________(survive)entirelyondiscarded(丢弃)food.2．Thediscoveryofthenewevidenceledtothethief_________________(catch)．3．His_________________(get)tothestationontimemadeeveryoneworriedlastweek.4．WhenIwasonmywaytoschoolthismorning,Isawtwowomen_________________(argue)．5．Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperwiththeirpetdog_________________(follow)them.6．Givemetheblueraincoat,please,theone_________________(hang)behindthedoor.7．Onthebankoftheriver,wefoundhimlying(lie)onabench,withhiseyes_________________(fix)onakiteinthesky.8．Abeggarinragsstoodtherewithhiseyes_________________(stare)atthesteakontheplate.9．Thestadiumbeing_________________(build)atpresentinourcityisintendedforthecomingAsianGames.10．Thewindowshaven'tbeencleanedforalongtime.Theyneedcleaning/_________________(clean)．B：一句多译1.这个问题值得讨论。→Thequestiondeserved_________________.→Thequestiondeserved__________________________________.2.这个窗户需要清扫了。→Thewindowneeds/requires/wants_________________.→Thewindowneeds/requires/wants__________________________________.3.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。→Theman_________________theteacherisourmonitor'sfather.→Theman__________________________________speakingtotheteacherisourmonitor'sfather.Period3Discoveringusefulstructures导学案【学习目标】1.torewritethesentencewiththe-ingformandsummarizethedifferentstructuresinthesentence2.tosummarizethegrammaticalfunctionofthe"ing"formoftheverbandunderstanditsexpressiveeffect.3.tolearngrammarfromself-inductionofgrammarrulestoflexibleuseofgrammarpointsandlanguageoutput.4.tounderstandthedifferencebetween–ingformofverbsandthegerundforms.【学习过程】一:找出本单元所有包含-ing形式的句子，并总结其作用。1．Italsohelpscontrolyourbodytemperature，preventsyourbodyfromlosingtoomuchwater...2．Asyoucanimagine，gettingburntcanleadtoveryseriousinjuries.3．Thefirstandmostimportantstepinthetreatmentofburnsisgivingfirstaid.4．Burnsaredividedintothreetypes，dependingonthedepthofskindamage.5．Examplesincludeburnscausedbyelectricshocks，burningclothes，orpetrolfires.6．Removeanyclothesusingscissorsifnecessary，unlessyouseethefabricstickingtotheburntskin.7．Applyingoiltotheinjuredareasisabadidea，asitwillkeeptheheatinthewoundsandmaycauseinfection.8．Placeburnsundercoolrunningwater，especiallywithinthefirsttenminutes.语法功能：1．句1中的v.­ing形式在句中作宾语。2．句2、7中的v.­ing形式在句中作主语。3．句3中的v.­ing形式在句中作表语。4．句4、6中v.­ing形式在句中作状语。5．句5、8中v.­ing形式在句中作定语。6．句6中v.­ing形式在句中作宾补。二:复习有关-ing形式的基本知识:动词­ing形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。一、动词­ing形式(动名词)作主语1．动词­ing形式作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首。Readingaloudisagoodwaytolearnalanguage.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。Wastingaperson'stimeisthesameaskillinghimforhisproperty.浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。[点津](1)不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。Tolietoheriswrong.对她撒谎不对。(2)动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Climbingmountainsisreallydifficultfortheold.对于老人来说爬山确实困难。2．形式主语it代替动词­ing形式作主语。此类句式常见的有：It'sawasteoftimedoingsth.做某事是浪费时间It'suseless/worthwhiledoingsth.做某事没用/是值得的It'snogood/use/fundoingsth.做某事没用/没意思Itisnousewaitingforotherpeopletomakedecisionsforyou.等别人替你做决定是没有用的。Itisawasteoftimepersuadingsuchapersontojoinus.劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。3．当句型“Thereisno...”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动词­ing形式作主语。Thereisnodenyingthattheenvironmentisfrombadtoworse.不能否认，环境状况正在逐步恶化。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.这种事开不得玩笑。Playingwithfireisdangerous.玩火危险。Becareful！Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.小心点！玩火会带来危险。Swimmingisagoodsportinsummer.夏天游泳是一项好的体育活动。It'snousecomplainingwithouttakingaction.只抱怨不行动是没用的。二、动词­ing形式(动名词)作宾语1．作动词的宾语常接动词­ing形式作宾语的动词有：avoid、miss、postpone避免，错过，推迟advise/suggest、finish、practice建议，完成，练习enjoy、imagine、can'thelp享受，想象，情不自禁admit、deny、envy承认，否认，嫉妒escape、risk、excuse逃避、冒险、借口stand、keep、mind站着，记住，介意Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意打开窗子吗？Hetriedtoavoidansweringmyquestions.他试图对我的问题避而不答。2．作动词短语的宾语常见的跟动词­ing形式作宾语的动词短语有：insiston、objectto、begoodat、befondof、leadto、putoff、giveup、lookforwardto、feellike、devoteto、get/beusedto、payattentionto、beworth等。Heinsistedondoingitinhisownway.他坚持要按照自己的方法做。3．在有些动词的后面，如：start、begin、continue等既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。Theycontinuedworking/toworkasifnothinghadhappened.他们继续工作，似乎什么也没发生过。4．在love、hate、prefer、like等动词后接动词­ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作，用不定式作宾语指具体的动作。Hepreferredstayinginthehousewhenitrained.下雨时他宁愿待在家里。(用动词­ing形式作宾语，指每逢天下雨都待在家里。)Iprefertostayathomethisafternoon.今天下午我宁愿留在家里。(用动词不定式作宾语，表示今天下午留在家里这一具体的动作。)5．有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词­ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有：动词 宾语的形式 意义forgettodo 忘记做……~doing 忘记做过……remembertodo 记着要去做……~doing 记得做过……regrettodo 遗憾/抱歉要做……~doing 后悔做了……trytodo 尽力做……~doing 尝试做……mean todo 打算做…… ~doing 意味着……goon todo 接着做(另外一件事)~ doing 接着做(同一件事)stop todo 停下来去做……~ doing 停止做……Pleaseremembertogivemybestregardstoyourfamily.请记着代我向你的家人问好。Istillremembervisitingthemuseumforthefirsttime.我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。6．下列动词可接动词­ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。need/want/require/deservedoing＝need/want/require/deservetobedoneThebikeneedsrepairing/toberepaired.这辆自行车需要修一下。Iremembertomailthelett