2021年高考英语调研大一轮复习课时作业33Unit3UndertheseaB卷

课时作业33UndertheseaⅠ.阅读理解A(厦门外国语学校阶段考试)Untilrecently,scientistshadmappedonlyabout20percentoftheseafloor.Butourknowledgeofthedeepseasischangingbecauseofinformationfromsatellites.Scientistshaveproducedanewmapthatprovidesadetailedpictureoftheoceans.Themapisexpectedtohelpoceanographers(海洋学家),industryandgovernments.Thenewmapistwiceasdetailedasthemapmade20yearsago.DavidSandwellisageophysicsprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia.Heandotherscientistsworkedonthemappingproject.Hesaystheyturnedtospacetolookdeeperintotheocean.Thescientistscollectedandstudiedinformationfromtwosatellites.SomeofthedatacamefromtheEuropeanSpaceAgency'sCryo­2satellite.ItwasplacedinEarth'sorbittowatchseaice.TheothersatelliteistheAmericanSpaceAgency'sJason­1.Itisstudyingthesurfaceoftheoceans.Scientistscombinedthesatellitedatawithimagesgatheredbysonar(声呐)equipmentonships.Sonarworksbysendingsoundwavesthroughthewater.Whenthesoundwaveshitanobject,itspresenceisconfirmed.Thenewmapshowstheseafloorasithasneverbeenseenbefore.Itshowsthousandsofunderwatermountainsandplaceswherecontinentspulledapart.Itshowswhereearthquakeswereactivemanyyearsago.Theyallareburieddeepunderneaththeoceanfloor.DavidSandwellsaysthemapisapowerfultoolforfisheries,thoseinterestedinprotectingtheenvironmentandforoilexploration.“Thepetroleumexplorationindustryisinterestedinhowtoreconnectthecontinents,bringthembacktogethertectonicallysoyoucanmapthebasinsononecontinentaledge—say,Africa—andusethattoestablishwherethesimilarbasinwouldbeontheothercontinentaledgeinSouthAmerica.”Ifscientistsknowthatinformation,theymaybeabletofindoilfields.Thenewdataalsowillhelpscientistsimprovetheirestimatesofoceandepths.Thisinformationcanhelpshipstravelsafelyandimprovemilitaryoperationsandscientificprojectsworldwide.MrSandwellthinksscientistswillmakemanymorediscoveriesastheyexaminethenewmapandtheinformationitprovides.这是一篇介绍关于新的海洋洋流地图的科普类文章。这个地图不仅能提供详细的大洋的图片而且还可以看到大洋底部的状况，我们通过这个地图可以判断多年前发生在海洋底部的大地震。1．WhichoneisNOTmentionedaboutthebenefitsbroughtbythenewmap?A．Fisheries. B．Scientificprojects.C．Shipmanufacture. D．Oilexploration.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“...themapisapowerfultoolforfisheries,thoseinterestedinprotectingtheenvironmentandforoilexploration.”可知，新式地图的编制有利于渔业，环境科学研究以及石油勘探等方面，但并没提到造船业。2．Whatcanweknowaboutthenewmap?A．Itshowswhereearthquakeswillhappen.B．Itwillbehelpfultoindustryandgovernments.C．Itisthreetimesasdetailedastheoldoneyearsago.D．Itshowstheseafloorasithaseverbeenseenbefore.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Themapisexpectedtohelpoceanographers(海洋学家),industryandgovernments.”可知，新式地图有望帮助海洋学家，工业及政府。3．Thetextislikelytoappearin________.A．anewspaper B．anadvertisementC．asciencemagazine D．afinancereport答案：C解析：推理判断题。纵观全文，主要讲述了新式地图给海洋科学、工业科学、石油勘探等方面带来的有利之处。故可以推测该文来源于科技杂志。4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ThedetailedpictureoftheoceansB．UnderwatermountainsandplacesC．MorediscoveriesabouttheoceansD．Scientistscreatenewmapsofoceanfloor答案：D解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Scientistshaveproducedanewmapthatprovidesadetailedpictureoftheoceans.Themapisexpectedtohelpoceanographers(海洋学家),industryandgovernments.”以及下文对新式地图绘制过程及在各领域方面的运用可知，本文主要介绍了科学家绘制的新式海底地图。B(哈尔滨第三中学模拟考试)Diseasesspreadinmanyways.Aninfectedpersoncancoughorsneezeonsomeonenearby,orheorshecanspreadgermsthroughahandshake.Butsometimeswepickupgermsindirectly.Asickpersonmightleavebehindbacteriaorviruseswhenheorshetouchesadoorhandle,forexample.Butwhatifthosesurfacescouldcleanthemselves?TwoteenagersfromHongKongaskedthemselvesthesamequestion.Nowthey'vedevelopedadoorhandlethatcankillgermsoncontact.Theideaissimple:everytimethedoorisopened,themovementcreatespowerthatstartsagerm­killingreactiononthehandle.Inlabtests,theirsystemkilledabout99.8percentofthegermsthattheyspreadontolabdishescoveredwiththeirmaterial.Researchbyothershasshownthatdoorhandlesinpublicareasareoftenhometolotsofbacteriaandviruses,notes17­year­oldSumMing(Simon)Wong.HeandhisschoolmateKinPong(Michael)Li,18,wantedtodesignacoveringfordoorhandlesthatwouldkillgerms.Afterdoingsomeresearch,theylearnedthatamineralcalledtitaniumdioxideisknowntokillbacteria.It'salreadyusedinmanyproducts,frompaintstodesserts.Tomaketheircovering,theteenagersmadethemineralintoaveryfinepowder.Titaniumdioxidekillsbacteriabestwhenlitbyultravioletlight,saysSimon.UVlightisfoundinsunlight.ButUVlightdoesnotnaturallyshineonindoorhandlesandcan'tbeusedatnight,sotheteenagerslighttheirdoorhandlesfromwithin.Tomakesurethelightreachesthecoatedsurface,theteenagersmadeeachoftheirdoorhandlesoutofclearglass.Eachendfitsintoabracket(托架).Insideoneofthebrack­etsisastronglight­emittingdiode(LED).FromitcomesUVlight.Andhere'stheinterestingpart:thepowerthatmakestheUVlightshinecomesfromopeningandclosingthedoor.ThepowerfromthedooristhencarriedbywiretotheLEDinsidethedoorhandle.Thedoorhandlesystem,MichaelandSimonsay,mightcostnomorethanabout$13tobuild.本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了两名青少年发明了一种门把手，这种把手可以杀死留在上面的病菌。5．Thewaysdiseasesspreadarementionedatthebeginningofthetextto________.A．demonstratehowmostdiseasesarespreadindirectlyB．remindreadersoftheimportanceofcleaningtheirhandsC．explainhowtokillbacteriaorviruseseffectivelyD．helptodescribeanewinventionthatpreventsdiseasesfromspreading答案：D解析：推理判断题。本文介绍了两名青少年发明了一种可以杀死病菌的门把手。文章首段提到病菌传播的方式就是为了引出这项新发明，故选D项。6．MichaelandSimon'sdoorhandle________.A．istooexpensiveforordinaryfamiliesB．ispoweredbythemovementC．worksbetteratnightthaninthedaytimeD．ismadeofametalthatcantakeintheUVlight答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句“...everytimethedoorisopened,themovementcreatespowerthatstartsagerm­killingreactiononthehandle.”可知，这种把手是通过使用者开关门来产生动力的，故选B项。7．TheLEDisplacedinsidethebracketsto________.A．supplyenoughpowertothehandlesystemB．producetitaniumdioxidetokillbacteriaC．provideUVlighttohelptitaniumdioxideworkbetterD．directtheUVlightinsunlighttothecoatedsurface答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据文章第六段第一句和第七段最后两句可知，LED会产生紫外线，二氧化钛受到紫外线照射就可以从最大程度上杀死病菌，故选C项。8．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsMichaelandSimon'sdoorhandlesystem?A．Cautious. B．Critical.C．Enthusiastic. D．Disappointed.答案：C解析：观点态度题。结合文中作者叙述该发明的语句“Theideaissimple...”“Andhere'stheinterestingpart...”可知，作者对这项发明是很热情的，故选C项。Ⅱ.完形填空(江西抚州临川一中检测)Twoyearsago,whenIwasstillatuniversity,Ialsoworkedatarestaurant.EverydayIwouldseepeoplesittingthere,doingwhateverthey__1__.HowIenviedthem!Icouldn't,__2__，becauseIhadtoworkninehoursadayand__3__therestofthetime.FortherestofmylifeIwill__4__thedifficultiesofthattimeforever.LastSunday,itwasrainy;a__5__washittingthecity.Whataperfectdaytositand__6__！Iwentintoacoffeebar,orderedacupofcoffee,andsatdowntoreadthenewspaper.Thenanoldman,helpedbyanurse,enteredwithhiswholebodyshaking.Everystepseemedtobea__7__forhim.Iwasn'tsure,buthelooked__8__tome.Iapproachedhim,andrecognizedhimasoneofmycustomerstwoyearsago.Hewasaretiredprofessor.Wehadbecomefriendsinthe__9__.Weoftendidwordpuzzlestogether,andhewasalwaysthefirstto__10__.Oneday,aftersomeweeks,Ifinallyfinishedbeforehim.Thenextdayhegaveme,asa__11__，anexpensiveScrabbleset,whichIwould__12__havebeenabletoaffordmyself.Ifeltvery__13__whenIsawhimagainthistime.Hehadlovedto__14__，butnowhismouthcouldnotmanageit.__15__andwiseashehadbeen,hewasstruckbykidneycancerlikeanordinaryman.ItoldhimIhadgotmarriedanddecidednotto__16__mystudies.Iwasembarrassed__17__IknewIwaslettinghimdown,butheseemedtosensemy__18__andsaidsomethingIwouldnever__19__.“Kate,manypeoplespendtheirwholelife__20__happiness.Bethankfulthatyouhavefoundit.”在一个暴雨天，作者在一家咖啡店里喝咖啡，遇到了几年前在打工的饭店里认识的一位老人，老人的一句话让她感触颇深。1．A.liked B．interestedC．imagined D．chose答案：A解析：“我”每天都能看到顾客坐在那里做他们喜欢做的事情。2．A.meanwhile B．howeverC．therefore D．whatever答案：B解析：根据上下文可知，“我”却不能这样做。这句话与上文之间是转折关系，故选however。3．A.date B．studyC．sleep D．play答案：B解析：文章首句谈到“我”一边学习，一边工作。这里应填study。4．A.desire B．describeC．remember D．record答案：C解析：“我”以后会永远记住那个时期所经历的困难。5．A.bomb B．planeC．flood D．storm答案：D解析：前半句提示为雨天，应选storm。6．A.relax B．entertainC．talk D．wait答案：A解析：这一天特别适合坐下来休息。7．A.pleasure B．surpriseC．power D．struggle答案：D解析：根据上一句可知，这位老人身体颤抖得厉害，看起来走路对他来说都是件困难的事。beastruggle“是困难(费劲)的事”。8．A.funny B．strang