2024年北京市东城区2024届高三一模英语试卷及答案

2024北京东城高三一模

英语

2024.4

本试卷共n页，共loo分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上

将该项涂黑。

In2019,ThierryHenry,abusdriver,foundtherewasariseinbiketheftsinhiscity,Reykjavik.Ratherthan_1

thatthebikewasgoneforever,hedecidedtotakemattersintohisownhandsandstartedtotrackdownthebikesand

returnthemtotheir2owners.

The44-year-oldhashelpedreturnhundredsofstolenbikesinthepast4years.Hissocialmediaaccounthas

over14,500membersandhelpspeopletrackdownmorethanjustlostbikes.Hispage3topeoplewhohavelost

tools,carsandotheritemsofhighvalue.Ontopofhisnobleact,Henryhashelpedthebike4toreforminthe

process.

5,Henrywoulddealwiththethieveswithanger.However,overtime,herealizedthatmostofthetheftswere

drivenoutofpovertyandotherissues.Hewentfromfeeling6towardsthethieves,todevelopingempathy（同

理心、）fortheirsituations.Itwasverytoughatfirst.ButHenrydecidedtotryto7themandjusttalktothem.

Fromthismomentonward,hereachedouttothethieves,offeringhelpandguidance.Afterthechangeinhis

8_,Henryfoundthatthebikethievesbegantooftenhandbackthebikestohim.Amazingly,someformerthieves

thatHenryhelpednow9himinlookingforthestolenbikes.

"It'slikea10thathasgotbiggerandbigger,H.saysHenry."Itsnotonlyme.Manytimes,someonespotsa

bikehiddeninabushandtakesapicture.Thensomeoneelsecomments,'hey,that*smybike'.”

ThankstoHenry,everyone'slookingout.

1.A.claimB.expectC.acceptD.realize

2.A.newB.honestC.carelessD.rightful

3.A.belongsB.extendsC.returnsD.refers

4.A.ownersB.makersC.thievesD.sellers

5.A.InitiallyB.UnknowinglyC.IncrediblyD.Unwillingly

6.A.regretfullyB.negativelyC.guiltilyD.helplessly

7.A.levelwithB.replytoC.sidewithD.apologizeto

8.A.planB.occupationC.habitD.approach

9.A.assistB.trustC.engageD.drag

10.A.dreamB.snowballC.rainbowD.balloon

第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分,共15分）

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的

空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

A

WhenIlivedinBoston,ItaughtEnglishasasecondlanguagetoadultstudentsfromaroundtheworld.Onthe

lastday,theythrewaniceparty.IwasamazedtheyhadlearnedenoughEnglish11(arganize)suchanevent

altogether.Attheendoftheparty,theyproudlyhandedmeagiftbox.Afterthebox12(open),Igentlylifted

abeautifulcoatfromit."Wewentshoppingforanewcoat!"theyallshouted13wonderfullyperfectEnglish.

B

InearlyNovemberin2023,adiver,swimmingoffthecoastofSardinia,14(notice)piecesofmetalon

theoceanfloor.Hecalledtheauthoritiesandmorediversweresenttolook.Thepiecesturnedouttobeancient

Romancoins.Thecoinsmostlylay15(bury)insandandseagrassnotfarfromthecoastItissaidthatmore

than30,000coinshavebeenfound,16arecloseto2,000yearsold.Expertscallthisamajorhistoricaldiscovery.

C

ChatGPTisachatbot.Someschools17(ban)itsinceitsbirth.Theyneedtimetomakerulesabout_1_8

it'stobeusedproperlyinclass.Someteachersseeitasa19(cheat)tool.Butmanyprincipalsbelieveit'stoo

latetokeepAIoutofclassrooms.Agrowingnumberof20(educate)saythepanicaboutAIisalotlikethe

paniccausedbytheInternetwhenitwasnew.Oneofthemsays,"ChatGPTistoEnglishandtowritingwhatthe

calculatoristomath.

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Areyoulookingforteenvolunteeropportunitiesfor2024thatprovidearewardingexperiencethatwillstay

withyouforlife?EveryyearthousandsofteenschoosetovolunteerabroadwithInternationalVolunteerHQ(IVHQ)

-theworld'smosttrustedproviderofsafeandaffordablevolunteerprogramsforteens.

Servicetripsforteensareavailableinmorethan50destinationsandthereare17teenvolunteerprogramsfor

16to18year-olds.Someofthebestprogramsin2024includeTurtleConservationinBali,AnimalCareinCosta

RicaandChildcareinTanzania.Or,ifyou'rewantingtovolunteerwithagroupofstudentsfromyourhighschool,

IVHQcantailoraprogramforyourgrouptoo!

ABenefitsforvolunteers:

•Thereisnodoubtthatvolunteeringasateenagerisameaningfulwaytobroadenyoureducationandadd

experiencesthatwillstandoutonyourcollegeapplication.

•Crossingboundariestoworkwithpartnersfromdifferentpartsoftheworldfostersglobalunderstanding.

•Livinginacountrydifferenttoyourownmeansthatyouwillbeinvolvedinanewculture,cuisine,andwayof

thinking.

>Guaranteedsupport:

ChancesareyourparentswillalsowanttolearnmoreaboutIVHQ,whetherornottheywillgoabroadwithyou.

Havingplacedmorethan130,000volunteersabroad,we*realwayshappytospeakwithparentstoensurealltheir

questionsarefielded.Throughouronlinesafetytraining,comprehensiveinformationbrochures,on-goingsupport

fromexperiencedprogrammanagersandround-the-clocksupportfromourlocalteams,IVHQvolunteersarewell

supportedtomakethemostofthetimeabroad.

Ifyou'rereadytopackyourbagsandexperienceacompletelydifferentlifestyleandwidenyourglobal

perspective,pleasecontactus.IVHQwillbemorethanhappytoofferaservice.

21.WhatcanIVHQprovideforahighschoolgroup?

A.Rewardsforvolunteering.B.Afreeservicetrip.

C.Anopportunitytostudyabroad.D.Aspecializedprogram.

22.WhatdoesIVHQpromisetovolunteers?

A.Localteams*assistance.B.Partners*support.

C.Collegerecommendationletters.D.Parents*company

23.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto

A.advocatevolunteeringB.introducerequirements

C.advertiseaserviceD.suggestalifestyle

B

AnArtClass

WhenKellywastwelve,shestartedtakingclassesatMissGrace'sSchoolforArt.Shedidn'tlikeitatfirst:the

"noviceartists"-thekidswhohadn'treallydoneartbefore-workedmostlywithclay,andKellywasaterriblesculptor.

Itwasn'tuntilherthirdyearthatKellyfoundsomethingshewasreallygoodat-charcoaldrawing（素描）.She

lovedwatchingthelinesspreadunevenlyacrossthepageasshemovedthebitsofcharcoalbackandforthoverthe

paper.

Oneday,Sophia,thebestartistinherclass,satdownandsetuphereasel（IB架）nexttoKelly.Kellyfelta

sinkingfeelinginherstomach.She'd,actuallyfoundanartformthatsheenjoyed-andwasgoodat—andnowSophia

wasgoingtooutshineheragain?KellyfoughtbacktearswhenMissGraceenteredtheroom.

"Helloclass,MissGracesaid."Wellcontinuetoworkontheprojecttoday.WhatmasterpiecewouldSophia

havecomeupwith?

KellylookedatSophia'seaselandshecouldn'tbelieveit—itwasamess!Forabriefmoment,Kellycouldn't

actuallybelieveherdrawingwasbetterthanSophia*s.

ButthenshelookedatSophia,whowaswatchingKellywithananxiousexpression.Icouldn'tdecidewhat

todo,"Sophiasaid."Andyou'resogood.SometimesIfeellikemystuffisjustsobadincomparison.

KellylookedtoseeifSophiawasjoking,butsheseemedcompletelyserious.NowKellywasshocked."I'mnot

talented...MissGraceseldompraisesme.You'rethebestoneinourclass!"

Sophiaraisedhereyebrows."Imightbeareallygoodcopierofthestuff,butIhavenoideawhattodowhenit

comestomakingupmyownimages.Youaresogreatatmakingnewthingsoutoftheoldstuff.Fvelovedyour

works.n

"Fvelovedyours,too,Kellysaid.

"Well,definitelynotthisone,"Sophiasaid.

Kellysmiled."Maybenotrightnow.Butifyoumovetheselinesup..."shesaid,pointingherfingeronSophia*s

paper.

Sophiawasquietforamoment."That'sagreatidea!"shesaidfinally.

Kellysmiledandturnedbacktoherdrawing,lookingeverysooftenatSophia*sworktoseethatshewastaking

heradvice,downtothelastline.

24.WhenKellystartedclassesattheartschool,she.

A.wasnotgoodatthecourseB.lackedconfidenceindrawing

C.wasoftenpushedbyMissGraceD.didnotgetalongwiththeotherkids

25.HowdidKellyfeelwhenSophiasatbesideher?

A.Thrilled.B.Confused.C.Frustrated.D.Relieved.

26.WhatdidKellydointheartclass?

A.SheinspiredSophia.B.ShepraisedSophia*screativity.

C.ShedecidedtooutshineSophia.D.ShefinishedthedrawingforSophia.

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Interestisthebestteacher.B.Youarewhatyoubelievetobe.

C.Everyonehastheirownstrengths.D.Hardworkwilleventuallypayoff.

C

Researchspanningseveraldecadesdemonstratesthatyouaremorelikelytothinktheinformationthatisrepeated

tobetruethantheinformationyouhearonlyonce.Youusuallyassumethatifpeopleputinefforttorepeatastatement,

thisreflectsthetruthofthestatement.Thistendency-alsocalledthetrutheffect-isabias（偏见）thatcanleadyou

todrawincorrectconclusions.

Towhatdegreearepeopleawareofthetrutheffect?Thisquestionwasaddressedinapaperinthejournal

Cognitionearlythisyear.

Inthecriticalstudyinthispaper,participantsdidtwosessions.Inonesession,theyreadaboutahypothetical

（虚构的）studyinwhichtheywereexposedtosomestatementsandthenwereaskedwhetherbothstatementsthey

hadheardbeforeaswellasthesenewstatementsweretrue.Theywereaskedtopredicttheproportion（比低！］）of

eachstatementthatwouldbejudgedastrue.Theydidthisbothasapredictionofotherpeople'sperformanceaswell

asapredictionofhowtheywoulddointhisstudy.

Atanothersessionafewdayslater,participantsactuallyperformedthisstudy,readingasetof20statementsin

thehypotheticalstudyagainandthenjudgingthetruthofaltogether40statements,halfofwhichwerefromthe

hypotheticalstudyandtheotherhalfofwhichwerenew.

Thisstudydidreplicatethewellknowntrutheffect.Peopleweremorelikelytojudgestatementstheyhadseen

beforeastruethanstatementsthatwerenew.Twointerestingfindingsemergedfromtheprediction.First,participants

tendedtounderestimatethesizeofthetrutheffectforeveryone.Thatis,whiletheydidexpectsomedifferencein

judgmentsbetweenthestatementsseenbeforeandthosethatwerenew,theythoughtthisdifferencewouldbesmaller

thanitactuallywas.Second,participantsmoresignificantlyunderpredictedthetrutheffectforthemselvescompared

tothatforotherpeople.

Thisstudyisparticularlyimportantinlightoftheamountofmisinformationpresentinsocialmedia.Many

peoplehavethepowertoinfluencepublicopinionaboutimportantmatters.Floodingsocialmediafeedswith

misinformationwillleadpeopletobelievethisinformationistruejustbecauseitisstated.Recognizingthatweare

allsusceptibletothisinfluenceofrepeatedinformationshouldleadustomistrustourintuition（直觉）aboutwhat

istrueandtolookupimportantinformationpriortousingittomakeimportantjudgmentsanddecisions.

28.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorintendsto.

A.clarifyamisconceptionB.presentaphenomenon

C.challengeastatementD.confirmatheory

29.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?

A.Impactsofthetrutheffectrequirefurtherstudies.

B.Makingpredictionsbeforejudgmentsissignificant.

C.Peoplehavehardlyanyawarenessofthetrutheffect.

D.Peopletendtobelievetheycanmakewiserjudgments.

30.Whatdoestheword"susceptible"underlinedinthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?

A.Critical.B.Subject.C.Opposed.D.Adapted.

D

WhenIteachresearchmethods,amajorfocusispeerreview.Asaprocess,peerreviewevaluatesacademic

papersfortheirquality,integrityandimpactonafield,largelyshapingwhatscientistsacceptas"knowledge"-By

instinct,anyacademicfollowsupanewideawiththequestion,"Wasthatpeerreviewed?"

AlthoughIbelieveintheimportanceofpeerreviewandIhelpdopeerreviewsforseveralacademicjournals-I

knowhowvulnerabletheprocesscanbe.

IhadmyfirstencounterwithpeerreviewduringmyfirstyearasaPh.Dstudent.Oneday,myadviserhanded

meanessayandtoldmetohavemy-writtenreviewbacktohiminaweek.Butatthetime,Icertainlywasnota

"peer"—Iwastoonewinmyfield.Manipulateddata（不实的数据）orsubstandardmethodscouldeasilyhave

goneundetected.Knowledgeisnotself-evident.Onlyexpertswouldbeabletonoticethem,andeventhen,experts

donotalwaysagreeonwhattheynotice.

Let'ssayinmylifeIonlyseewhiteswans.MaybeIwriteanessay,concludingthatallswansarewhite.Anda

"peer"says,nWaitaminute,I'veseenblackswans."Iwouldhavetorefinemyknowledge.

Thepeerplaysakeyroleevaluatingobservationswiththeoverallgoalofadvancingknowledge.Forexample,

iftheabovestorywerereversed,andpeerreviewerswhoallbelievedthatallswanswerewhitecameacrossthefirst

studyobservingablackswan,thestudywouldreceivealotofattention.

Sowhywasafirst-yeargraduatestudentgettingtostandinforanexpert?Whywouldmyreviewcountthesame

asanexpert'sreview?Oneanswer:Theprocessreliesalmostentirelyonunpaidlabor.

Despitethefactthatpeersareprofessionals,peerreviewisnotaprofession.Asaresult,thesameover-worked

scholarsoftenreceivemassesofthepeerreviewrequests.Besidesthelaborinequity,asmallpoolofexpertscanlead

toanarrowedprocessofwhatispublishableorwhatcountsasknowledge,directlythreateningdiversityof

perspectivesandscholars.Withoutalargeenoughreviewerpool,theprocesscaneasilyfallvictimtobiases,arising

fromasmallcommunityrecognizingeachother*sworkandcompromisingconflictsofinterest.

Despitethesechallenges.Istilltellmystudentsthatpeerreviewoffersthebestmethodforevaluatingstudies

airdadvancingknowledge.Asaprocess,peerreviewtheoreticallyworks.Thequestioniswhethertheissueswith

peerreviewcanbeaddressedbyprofessionalizingthefield.

31.Whatcanwelearnaboutpeerreviewinthefirstparagraph?

A.Itgeneratesknowledge.B.Itiscommonlypracticed.

C.Itisamajorresearchmethod.D.Itisquestionedbysomescientists.

32.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheexampleofswans?

A.Complexityofpeerreviewensuresitsreliability.

B.Contradictionsbetweenscientistsmaybebalanced.

C.Individualscanbelimitedbypersonalexperiences.

D.Expertsshoulddetectunscientificobservationmethods.

33.Whatistheauthor*smajorconcernaboutpeerreview?

A.Workloadforscholars.B.Toughnessoftheprocess.

C.Diversificationofpublications.D.Financialsupporttoreviewers.

34.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.whatfuelspeerreviewBwhypeerreviewisimperfect

C.hownewhandsadvancepeerreviewD.whetherpeerreviewersareunderrated

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选

项中有两项为多余选项。

Today,whatwehave,isanalways-in-your-pocket,24/7newscycle.Whenyouopenanewsapp,you'llnoticea

briefmomentwhenthe"oldnews**isstillthere.Inaflash,theancienthistoryofafewhoursagoissweptawayfor

thenext"breakingnews".35Itsendless,butyouhadbetterkeepup.

Researchersintroducethisworldtothephrase,"noisebottleneck".Anoisebottleneckiswhereweare

overwhelmedwithsomuchinformationornoisethatourcognitive（认知的）abilitiescan'tkeepup.36Thus,

whileourattentioncanwatchhours,ofvideos,ourlong-termlearningprocessescan't.

37WewatchTVholdingourphones,andwelistentomusicwhileshopping.However,thehumanbrain

mighthavestructurallimitationrootedinthecognitivearchitecturewhichcausestheslowingdownthatoccurswhen

twotasksareperformedatthesametime.

Inshort,yourbrainisnotasgoodasyouthinkitis.Youareahumanbeingwhocanonlytakeinsomuchaday.

Understandingthenoisebottleneckallowsustofixit.So,herearethreetipstogetyougoing:

Clearyourcontent-setupanewaccountonsocialmediaandfollowonlyaccountsorpeoplethatyouthinkare

reallyvaluable.

Single-task-youdon'tneedtoridthephonebutdoridthedistractions.38Say,nIwillonlyreadthismagazine

afterdinner.Multitaskingisforshow;single-taskingisforpros.

Acceptyourlimits-youllneverreadallthenews.Acceptyoucanonlychoosetwoorthreeandembracethat

fact.39You'regettingmoreoutofthosefewthanthat"super-productive"persononsocialmediawhosaysthey

readfivebooksaweek.Afterall,it'sbettertohavealittlerememberedthanalotforgotten.

A.Giveyourselfatimelimitorrestrictionifithelps.

B.Don'tbeatyourselfupthatyou'rebeingunproductive.

C.Everysecond,youarepresentedwithnewinformation.

D.Breakingthroughthenoisebottleneckisalegendaryidea.

E.Thematterismadeworsebyourmodernaddictiontomultitasking.

F.Multitaskinghasdramaticallychangedthewayweuseinformation.

G.Ourbrainshavelimitedresources,spreadacrossnumerousfunctions.

第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

Ifyouareapsychologyenthusiast,youhaveprobablyheardofthefamousmarshmallowtest（棉花糖实验）.

Inthistask,kidsaregivenamarshmallow,andaretoldthattheycaneatthatmarshmallownow,orwaitalittlewhile,

andhavetwomarshmallowsinstead.Somekidseatthemarshmallowimmediately,butmosttrytheirbesttowaitfor

two.

Whentheresearchersfollowedupwiththosekidslaterinlife,childrenwhowaitedlongerhadbetterlife

outcomes:moreacademicsuccess,bettersocialbehavior,andevenmarkersofbetterhealth.Theybelievethose

childrenwhokeepwaitingaretheoneswiththemostself-control-akeyfactorinsuccess,andthat*swhytheyareso

successfullater.

Butwhatifthebehaviorinthemarshmallowtesthasmoretodowithculturalnormsthanself-control?

A2022studytestedtheideathatchildrenmaydecidehowlongtowaitforrewardsbasedonwhattheyare

accustomedtowaitingforintheirculture.Forexample,intheUnitedStates,thereisnowidespreadmealtimecustom

ofwaitinguntileveryoneisserved.InJapan,however,thereis.

Becauseofthisdifferenceinnorms,theresearchershypothesizedthatJapanesechildrenwouldwaitlongerin

themarshmallowtestthantheAmericanchildren.Thisisexactlywhattheyfoundlaterinexperiments.

Butthisisn'tconclusiveevidence;afterall,maybeJapanesechildrenactuallyhavebetterself-control,ormaybe

theydifferfromAmericanchildreninotherwaysthatcouldexplaintheresult.

IntheU.S.,giftsareusuallygivenonspecialoccasionsandchildrenusuallyhavetowaitbeforetheycan

unwraptheirpresents.InJapan,however,gift-givinghappensmoreoften,andchildrenusuallyopenpresents

immediately.

Giventheseculturaldifferences,scientistsexpectedthatiftheyranthetestwithgiftsinsteadofmarshmallows,

Americankidswouldwaitlonger.Onceagain,theirhypothesiswascorrect.

Thisisapowerfulresultbecauseitdemonstratestheimportanceofcultureandhabitinshapingbehavior.Ifa

childwaitsonlyfewminutesbeforegivingupontwomarshmallowsbutmuchlongertounwrapagift,canwereally

saythatchildlacksself-con