2023北京平谷区高二下学期期末英语试题及答案

2023北京平谷高二（下）期末英语2023.71.本试卷共12页,包括三部分,100分。考试时间90分钟。2.在答题卡上准确填写学校名称、班级和姓名。注意事项3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。4.在答题卡上,选择题用2B铅笔作答,其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。5.考试结束请将答题卡交回。第一部分知识运用(共两节,30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ThereIsNoPingwithoutAPongInFebruary2020,myhusband,Bob,andIwereofferedanoutdoorpingpongtable,butIwasnotgoodatpingpongatall.“Whatarewegoingtodowiththat?”Bobaskedme.Heclearlythoughtwewereabouttogetsomethingwedidnot__1__.“Thetwoofuswillplay.”Ireplied.Boblookeddoubtful.Thepingpongtablearrived__2__beforetheCOVID-19quarantines(隔离)began.Wewerebothworkingathome.Everydayalittleafter5,ifwasnƳtrainy,weplayedpingpongforabout45minutes,drivingawaytheanxietyor__3__ofanotherinlockdown.Ilosteverygame.Itdidn’t__4__meatfirst.Bobwasenjoyingthechanceto__.ButthereweredayswhenIhatedlosing.OnceIthrewmypaddleacrosstheyardinanger.ThenonedayBobsuggestedIplaywithahandicap(让步赛)of12points.That__6__alot—Isometimeswon!Theeffortoftryingtowin__7__.EvenwhenIlostapoint,IenjoyedmakingBobworkharderforit.Pingponghelpedmyhusbandandme__8__theworstofthelockdowns.Thegiftthepingpongtablegaveusawaytohavefunina__9__time.Ittakestwowillingpartnerstoplaytabletennis.Similarly,ittakestwopeoplewouldliketo__10__happinesswitheachothertomakeamarriage.Simplyput,itcomestotabletennis—oranyotherrelationship—thereisnowithoutapong.1.A.needB.protectC.consumeC.speciallyD.waste2.A.additionallyB.suddenlyD.shortly3.A.happiness4.A.benefit5.A.diveB.excitementC.boredomD.lazinessD.envyB.botherB.sighC.appealC.freezeC.hurtD.win6.A.helped7.A.challenging8.A.getinB.struckD.involvedD.annoyingD.getonD.commonD.burdenB.disappointingC.pleasingB.getthroughC.getup9.A.frequent10.A.shareB.similarC.difficultC.bearB.compare第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AOnarainyevening,Bobsawanoldladystandingonthesideoftheroadbesidehercar.couldseesheneededhelp.Sohe__11__(stop)andsaidtoher,“Ƴmheretohelpyou,madam.WhydonƳtyouwaitinthecarwhereitiswram?”Withmucheffort,hefixedtheproblem.Theladyaskedhowmuchsheowedhim.Bobneverexpected__12__(get)paid.toldthatthenexttimeshesawaperson13__neededhelp,shecouldgivethatpersontheassistancetheyneeded.BWemaythinkthatliteraturehasseveralgenres,buttherearereallyonlythree—poetry,dramaandprose.When__14__(read)inschool,studentsoftenencountertheseEnglishliterarygenres.Literarygenresare__15__(category)ofliteraturethatgenerallyaredeterminedbytechnique,length,toneandcontent.Whenwelistliterarygenresfromabroaderperspective,weknowthattheycanbemoreabstract,flexibleandlooselydefinedbycomparison.However,whengetmorespecificintothesubcategories,thetypedistinctionsandrulesbecome__16__(particular)clear.CForKeziaWhitaker,cookinghasalwaysbeenabigpartofherlife.Shespentherchildhoodinthekitchenwithhermum,learningabouttheflavorsandskillsneededtomakeanamazingmeal.SofarKezia__17__(become)thefirstwinneroftheBBCcookingcompetitionYoungMasterChef.ShecookedJamaicanandotherCaribbean-styledishes,which__18__(describe)“sunshineaplate”.Whittakerlovestosharepassionwithfriendsonline,showingyoungpeople__19__interestingcookingis.“I’msoaddicted__20__cooking,”shesaid.“Anythingfoodrelated,I’mrunningtowardsit.”第二部分阅读理解(共两节,38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分,共28分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAmyisdoingaprojectgreatliterarywriters.now,shehascollectedsomeinformation.JaneAusten(16December1775—18July1817)wasanEnglishnovelist.Austen’splotsoftenexplorethedependenceofwomenonmarriageinthepursuitoffavorablesocialstandingandeconomicsecurity.Herusesofbitingirony,alongwithherrealism,humorandsocialcommentary,havelongearnedherpraise.WiththepublicationSenseandSensibility,PrideandPrejudice,MansfieldParkandEmma,sheachievedsuccess.Shewrotetwoothernovels,NorthangerAbbeyandPersuasionandbegananother,titledSanditon,butdiedbeforeitscompletion.Hernovelshaveinspiredmanyfilms.CharlesDickens(7February1812—9June1870)wasanEnglishwriter.HecreatedsomeoftheworldƳsbest-knownfictionalcharacters.Bythetwentiethcentury,criticsandscholarshadrecognisedhimasaliterarygenius.OliverTwistandGreatExpectationsarefrequentlyadapted.ATaleofTwoCities,setinLondonandParis,ishisbest-knownworkofhistoricalfiction.Dickenshasbeenpraisedforhisrealism,comedy,prosestyle,uniquecharacterizationsandsocialcriticism.MarkTwain(November30,1835—April21,1910),wasanAmericanwriter,humorist,entrepreneur,publisherandlecturer.AmonghisnovelsareTheAdventuresofTomSawyerandTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,thelatteroftencalled“TheGreatAmericanNovel”.TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty,basedonastorythatheheardAngelsHotelinAngelsCamp,California,waspublishedin1865.Theshortstorybroughtinternationalattention.Hiswitandsatireearnedpraisefromcriticsandpeers.ArthurConanDoyle(22May1859—7July1930)wasaBritishwriterbestknownforhisdetectivefictionfeaturingthecharacterSherlockHolmes.In1887hepublishedAStudyinScarlet,thefirstfournovelsaboutHolmesandDr.Watson.TheSherlockHolmesstoriesareconsideredmilestonesinthefieldofcrimefiction.Hewasaprolificwriterwhoseotherworksincludefantasyandsciencefictionstories,plays,romances,poetry,non-fictionandhistoricalnovels.21.Whichbookwasproducedearliest?A.AStudyofScarletB.PrideandPrejudiceC.ATaleofTwoCitiesD.TheAdventuresTomSawyer22.WhatdoweknowaboutTheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty?A.Itwasadrama.B.Itattractedglobalattention.C.Itwascalled“TheGreatAmericanNovel”.D.ItwasbasedonastorythatMarkTwainheardinFlorida.23.______booksareconsideredlandmarksinthefieldofcrimefiction.A.MarkTwain’sB.JaneAusten’sC.CharlesDickens’D.ArthurConanDoylesBWehavejustnotinperson.Iamortgage(抵押贷款)bankersoIdomyfinancialtransactionsoverthephoneandcomputer.ThisladyisaborrowerofmineandIhavedonetwoofherrefinancesoverthepastfewyears.Sheisnotawomanthatismymother’sage,notagrandmotherlytypeofclient.Sheismyage.Wehavenevermetinperson.ShelivesinNewJerseyandIliveinCalifornia.IalwaystrytomakeaMortgagetransactionasexcitingasandasfunasitcanbeandofcourseherloanturnedgreat,butnothingspectacularhappenedwhereIsavedtheoranythinglikethat.Everythingransmooth.MortgageisnotthemostexcitingthingintheUnitedStatesAmerica.Everycoupleofmonths,forthepastthreeyears,shewouldemailmealittlenotethattoldmehowmuchsheappreciatedme,howImadeadifferenceinherlife,howsmartIwas,andhowthankfulshewasofme.Ihaveastressfuljob,andsometimesmycheeseisfallingmycrackeralldaylongandjustonelittlenotefromcompletelychangesmywholeday.SometimesitevenmakesmecryalittlebecauseitsexactlywhatIneededtohear.Littledoessheknowthatthatonelittleactiontosomebodyshebarelyevenknowsdoessomuchformeoverhereontheotherend.ThismorningIturnedmycomputerandwastryingtowakeupandgruntingmyemailsandthereitwas,anothernotefromher.IstartedmydayinsuchagoodmoodandIletherknowhowmuchshemakesadifferenceinmylife!Ialsoletherknowhowluckythepeoplearethatareinherlifeifshetreatseverybodylikethis!Everyoneissostressedoutandlonelyrightnow.Takeamomentinyourdaytomorrowtodoonelittlenicethingforsomebody,evenifitsforsomeonedonotknow.Youcanmakeonelittledifferenceintheirlifeandputintomotionawholestreampositivityafterthat.24.Whatthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthewriterandthewoman?A.Buyerandborrower.B.Managerandemployee.C.Bossandcustomer.D.Bankerandclient.25.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Theyliveindifferentcountries.B.Thewriterborrowedmoneyfromthiswoman.C.Thewomanand“I”havemetinpersonbefore.D.Bothofthemarethankfultoeachother.26.Fromtheunderlinedsentence“···sometimesmycheeseisfallingoffmycrackeralldaylong”,wecaninferthatthewriterwas______.A.upsetB.relaxedC.satisfiedD.optimistic27.Whattheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Totellhis/herstorywithanunknownwoman.B.introducehis/herjobasamortgagebanker.C.encouragepeopletodoonelittlegoodthingtoothers.D.Tocallpeopletomakeacontributiontowholeworld.CWiththedevelopmenttechnology,computersaremorecapableofusinglanguage.Largelanguagemodels(LLMs),ofwhichthemostfamousisChatGPT,producewhatlookslikehumanwriting.However,adebatehasbeenarousedovertheseitems:whatthemachinesareactuallydoinginternallywhattheoperationofthebrainiswhenhumansspeak.AccordingProfessorNoamChomsky,afamouslinguist(语言学家),humanlanguageisdifferentfromallotherkindsofcommunication.Allhumanlanguagesmoresimilartoeachotherthantheyaretoothertypesofcommunication,suchaswhalesongorcomputercode.InarecentNewYorkTimesop-ed,Chomskyandtwoco-authorssaid“weknow”thatcomputersdonotthinkoruselanguageashumansdo.LLMs,infact,justpredictthenextwordinastringofwords.ItishardtounderstandwhatLLMs“think”.DetailsoftheprogrammingandtrainingdataofcommercialoneslikeChatGPTareproprietary.noteventheprogrammersknowexactlyisgoingoninside.Linguistshave,however,foundcleverwaystotestLLMs’underlyingknowledge.TheyfoundthatLLMscanhandlesomenewwordsandgrasppartsofspeech.Forexample,tellChatGPTthat“dax”isaverbmeaningtoeataslicepizzabyfoldingit,andthesystemcanuseiteasily:“Afteralongdayatwork,IliketorelaxanddaxonasliceofpizzawhilewatchingfavouriteTVshow.”GPT-3(theLLMunderlyingChatGPTuntiltherecentreleaseofGPT-4)isestimatedtobetrainedonabout1,000timesthedataahumanten-year-oldisexposedto.Thatleavesopenthepossibilitythatchildrenhaveaninborntendencytogrammar,makingthemfarmoreproficientthananyLLM.InaforthcomingpaperinLinguisticInquiry,researchersclaimtohavetrainedanonnomoretextthanahumanchildisexposedto,findingthatitcanuseevenrarebitsgrammar.otherresearchershavetriedtotrainanLLMonadatabaseofonlychild-directedlanguage.HereLLMsbehavedworse.Perhapsthebrainreallyisbuiltforlanguage,asProfessorChomskysays.28.AccordingtoNoamChomsky,______.A.whalesongsaresimilartocomputercodeB.nofurtherresearchshallbecarriedoutonChatGPTC.computersdonotdealwithlanguagelikehumansdoD.humanlanguageisbasedonotherkindsofcommunication29.ItcaninferredfromParagraph4that.A.LLMsmightbecomeatoollearninglanguagesB.somelinguistsareopposedtothetechnologyLLMsC.linguistshavethehobbyofdaxingonasliceofpizzaD.anycomplicatedwordintheworldcanbehandledviaLLMs30.Thepassagemainlytellsus.A.whatLLMsarenotcapableofB.howlinguistsunderstandLLMsC.humanshouldrejectChatGPTD.thathumanlanguageswouldbereplacedbyChatGPTDApicturemightbeworthathousandwords,butsometimes,afewwordstellabiggerstory.Instagramusersfindthatacarefullythought-outcaptionforimagecanmakeviewerspause,revealsomethingaboutthecreator’spersonality,driveengagement,andperhapsinspireonetotakeaction.Dolabelsinmuseumsandartgalleriesdosomethingsimilarwhenpairedwithartworks?Arecentstudy,donebyKohinoorM.DardaandAnjanChatterjee,researchersfromUniversityofPennsylvania,wascarriedouttofindtheanswer.Theyaskedsubjectshowmuchtheylikedabstractandrepresentationalpaintings.Inthefirstexperiment,NorthernAmericansubjectsviewedJacksonPollock’sabstractworkswithnoadditionalinformationoraccompaniedbybiographicalinformationaboutPollockaswellashistechniqueforcreatingart.Inthesecondexperiment,NorthernAmericansubjectsviewedIndianandAmerican-Europeanrepresentationalpaintingsthatweres’andin-groupastoaaa“”saa’to______.’“”233.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Viewerspresentedwithcontextualinformationlikedabstractandrepresentationalpaintingsequally.B.Contextualinformationcanreducein-groupbiasconcerningAmerican-Europeanpaintings.C.Viewerswithlessexposuretoartarelesslikelytobeaffectedbycontextualinformation.D.Contextualinformationprovedtohavedifferentimpactspaintingswithdifferentorigins.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.MeetaKinderWorldthroughArtB.TheImpactoftheSocioculturalInformationC.UnderstandingArtwithintheContextD.TheMoreInformed,theLessFavoritism第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Atsomepoint,everyonewantstoimproveorchangethingsintheirlives.____35____Whetheryouwanttotakeonnewchallenges,enhanceyourworkperformanceorchangeunhealthyhabits,creatingapersonaldevelopmentplanisagreatwaytoensuresuccess.Decidewhatyouwanttochange.Takedownnotesontheareasofyourlifethataren’tworkingwellforyou.Someexpertsbelieveitisbettertofocusononegoalatatimetostayfocused.____36____Pinpointspecificareasyourlifethathaveburdenedyouformonths,years.example,ifyouintendtostoprelyingonmobilephone,nowmightbethetimetomakethatgoaltoquit!Havefaithinyourselfandintheprocess.____37____Ifyoudon’tbelieveyoucanabsolutelytransformyourlifeandgetwhatwant,thenyoumightwellforgetaboutgoalsettingandsomethingelse.Ifyouareindoubt,lookaroundatyourworld.Everythingstartedwithasinglethought!Imaginetheoutcome.Someexpertsbelievethattakingafewminuteseverydaytovisualizespecificgoalsmayhaveasignificantimpactonthedegreesuccessyouexperience.Insomecasesresearchhasrevealedthatmentalpracticesarealmostaseffectiveastruephysicalpractice.____38________39____Let’sbehonest,youdon’tthinkaboutyourgoals,youwon’tmakethemhappen.Atasettime,perhapsMondaymornings,reviewprogressforthelastweekandsetnewactionstepsfortheupcomingweekthatpushyoutowardsyourultimategoal.Readingyourgoalsweeklyhelpsremindoftheirimportanceandkeepsyouclearonwhatyoutrulywantinyourlife.A.Reviewyourgoalsweekly.B.Makesureyourgoalsareattainable.C.However,youmayfeelliketacklingseveralgoalsonce.D.Underthegoalarea,makealistthingsyouwanttochange.E.Thefirststeptogoalsettingistohavetotalbeliefthatyoucansucceed.F.Beforegotosleepatnight,tryclosingyoureyesandimaginingyoursuccess.G.Apersonaldevelopmentplancanhelpyoureachthegoalsyouhavebeendreamingabout.第三部分书面表达(共两节,32分)第一节(共4小题,第40、41题各2分,第42题3分,第43题5分,共12分)阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Sachinstartedatextilebusiness.Heinvestedallthemoneyfromhissavingsintothebusiness.Also,heborrowedsomemoneyfromhisfriendsandfamily.Inthebeginning,theprofitfromhisprojectswasonlysufficienttocoverhisbasicexpenses.Buthemaintainedtopqualityforallthedeliveries.Hetriedveryhardtogetbigprojectsbutcouldnotgetone.Notreturningmoneytohisfriendsandfamilymembersintime,Sachinthoughtofsellinghistextilebusiness.Onedayhewassittingafarmandthinking.Afarmeraskedhim,“Whyareyousoupset?Whattheproblem?”Sachinrepliedhisbusinesswasnotgivingreturnsashethought.So,hewasthinkingofsellingitoffasitwasnotworthpursuinganymore.Hearinghiswholestory,thefarmertookhimtohisfarm.Heshowedhimamangotreeandabambootree.said,“Iplantedboththetreesthesametimeandnurturedthemwiththesamethingstheyneeded.Afterthefirstyears,themangotreegrewtoacertainheight.Buttherewerenosignsofgrowthinthebamboo.continuedforthethirdandfourthyears.Inthefifthyear,themangotreestartedproducingfruits.Still,therewerenosignsinthebamboo.However,afteraweek,therewasasignofgrowthinthebambootree.Thenwithinsixweeks,thetreeto100feet.ThenIrealized,inthefirstfouryears,itwasdevelopingitsrootdeepundergroundforabasestrongenoughtosupportitsoutsidegrowth.So,thesameprincipleappliestoyourbusinessaswell.Waitforyourtimeandnevergiveup.”Afterhearingthisstory,Sachinthankedthefarmer.Hethenstartedexploringtheopportunitiesandwenttobigcompaniesfororders.Inthethirdmonth,hegottheorderfromabigcompanyworthmillionsandthencontinuousorders.Sachinsettledallthemoneytohisfamilyandfriends.Hisbusinessisnowrunningintoahighlyprofitablebusiness.40.WheredidSachingetthemoneytostartbusiness?41.WhydidSachinwanttosellcompany?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Inthefirstfouryears,therewerenosignsofgrowthinthebambootreebecausethefarmerdidnƳtgiveitenoughnutrition.43.Whathaveyoulearntfromthisstory?Giveexampleinyourownlifetosupportyouridea.(Inabout40words)第二节(20分)假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你收到英国好友Jim的来信,得知他将要到中国上大学