chap6-Web可用性(英文版)

WebUsabilityDon’tmakemethinkContentsRule#1Don’tmakemethinkHowdowereallyusetheWeb?Designingpagesforscanning,notreadingRule#2Mindless,unambiguouschoiceRule#3GetridofhalfthewordsoneachpageDesigningnavigationDesigninghomepageUsabilitytestingKrug’sfirstlawofusability:Don’tmakemethinkAsfarasishumanlypossible,aWebpageshouldbeself-evident,obvious,self-explanatory.Ishouldbeableto“getit”–whatitisandhowtouseit–withoutexpendinganyeffortthinkingaboutit.Usingasitethatdoesn’tmakeusthinkaboutunimportantthingsfeelseffortless,whereaspuzzlingoverthingsthatdon’tmattertoustendstosapourenergyandenthusiasm—andtime.ThingsthatmakeusthinkNamesofthings,like“job”,“employmentopportunities”or“job-o-rama”.Linksandbuttonsthataren’tobviouslyclickable.Otherthingsthatvisitorstoasiteshouldn’tspendtheirtimethinkingabout,like:WhereamI?WhereshouldIbegin?Wheredidtheyput

?Whatarethemostimportantthingsonthispage?Whydidtheycallitthat?HowdowereallyusetheWeb?Factoflife#1:Wedon’treadpages.Wescanthem.Factoflife#2:Wedon’tmakeoptimalchoices.Wesatisfice.Factoflife#3:Wedon’tfigureouthowthingswork.Wemuddlethrough.Designingpagesforscanning,notreadingCreateaclearvisualhierarchyoneachpageTakeadvantageofconventionsBreakpageupintoclearlydefinedareasMakeitobviouswhat’sclickableMinimizenoiseKrug’ssecondlawofusabilityItdoesn’tmatterhowmanytimesIhavetoclick,aslongaseachclickisamindless,unambiguouschoice.Krug’sthirdlawofusabilityGetridofhalfthewordsoneachpage,thengetridofhalfofwhat’sleft.Itreducesthenoiselevelofthepage.Itmakestheusefulcontentmoreprominent.Itmakesthepagesshorter,allowinguserstoseemoreofeachpageataglancewithoutscrolling.DesigningnavigationThepurposesofnavigationIthelpsustofindwhateveritiswe’relookingfor.Ittellsuswhereweare.Itgivesussomethingtoholdonto.Ittellsuswhat’shere.Ittellsushowtousethesite.Itgivesusconfidenceinthepeoplewhobuiltit.DesigningnavigationWebnavigationconventionsSiteIDSectionsUtilities(atleastawaytogohomeandawaytosearch)Subsections“Youarehere”indicatorandbreadcrumbsPagenameLocalnavigationDesigningnavigationTrythetrunktest

Imaginethatyou’vebeenblindfoldedandlockedinthetrunkofacar,thendrivenaroundforawhileanddumpedonapagesomewheredeepinthebowelsofaWebsite.Ifthepageiswelldesigned,whenyourvisionclearsyoushouldbeabletoanswerthesequestionswithouthesitation:Whatsiteisthis?(SiteID)WhatpageamIon?(Pagename)Whatarethemajorsectionsofthissite?(Sections)Whataremyoptionsatthislevel?(Localnavigation)WhereamIintheschemeofthings?(“Youarehere”indicators)HowcanIsearch?

DesigninghomepageThingstheHomepagehastoaccommodate

SiteidentityandmissionSitehierarchySearchTeasesTimelycontentDealsShortcutsRegistrationDesigninghomepageabstractobjectivesShowmewhatI’mlookingfor.…andwhatI’mnotlookingfor.Showmewheretostart.Establishcredibilityandtrust.DesigninghomepageConveythebigpicture

Asquicklyandclearlyaspossible,theHomepageneedstoanswerthefourquestionsIhaveinmyheadwhenIenteranewsiteforthefirsttime:Whatisthis?Whatdotheyhavehere?WhatcanIdohere?WhyshouldIbehere—andnotsomewhereelse?OnceIknowwhatI’mlookingat,there’sstillonemoreimportantquestionthattheHomepagehastoanswerforme:WheredoIstart?

DesigninghomepageFourpopularwaystospoiltheHomepagePuttingabanneradontheHomepageifyoudon’thaveto.Promotingeverything.LettingdealsdriveHomepagedesign.Gettinggreedyforuserdata.

UsabilitytestingSeveralsurethingsabouttesting

Ifyouwantagreatsite,you’vegottotest.Testingoneuseris100percentbetterthantestingnone.Testingoneuserearlyintheprojectisbetterthantesting50neartheend.Theimportanceofrecruitingrepresentativeusersisoverrated.Thepointoftestingisnottoproveordisprovesomething.It’stoinformyourjudgment.Testingisaniterativeprocess.Nothingbeatsaliveaudiencereaction.

UsabilitytestingUsabilitytestingon10centsaday

“Getit”testisjustwhatitsoundslike:showthemthesite,andseeiftheygetit—dotheyunderstandthepurposeofthesite,thevalueproposition,howit’sorganized,howitworks,andsoon.

Keytasktestingmeansaskingtheusertodosomething,thenwatchinghowwelltheydo.Cubicletests

ContentsRule#1Don’tmakemethinkHowdowereallyusetheWeb?Designingpagesforscanning,notreadingRule#2Mindless,unambiguouschoiceRule#3GetridofhalfthewordsoneachpageDe