2023年中考英语语法讲解与练习：动词不定式 （无答案）

动词不定式是一种非谓语动词的形式，没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能单独作谓语，但oTolearnEnglishwellisimportant.=ItisimportanttolearnEnglishwell.真正的主语特殊句式①：Itis+adj.+(for/ofsb.)+todosth.Itis+adj.+forsb.+todosth.此处形容词表示事物性质，如important,useful,difficult等。It’simportantforustodosportseveryday每天做运动对我们是重要的。Itis+adj.+ofsb.+todosth.此处形容词表示人的品质，如kind,nice,clever,friendly等。It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.你帮助我真是太好了。②：Ittakessb.+sometime+todosth.Ittookhimtwohourstodohishomeworkyesterday.昨天他花费两个小时做作业。动词不定式可放在系动词后作表语，说明主语的性质，内容，职业，身份等。obeanengineerstocleantheroomeveryday动词不定式常用在及物动词后，作宾语，其结构为“动词+todo”。常接动词不定式做宾语的动词有：decide,hope,wish,plan,learn,need,agree,choose,want,wouldlike,offer(主动提出),promise(承诺),prepare(准备),refuse(拒绝)等WhatdoyouplantodothisSaturday?这周六你打算做什么？Hedoesn’tneedtocleanhisbedroomtonight.他今晚不需要打扫房间。构成“动词+sb.todosth.”的结构。否定形式多为“动词+sb.nottodosth”常接动词不定式做宾补的动词有：ask,teach,encourage,tell,advise,want,wouldlike,wish,invite,allow等。Sheoftenencouragesustoaskmorequestions.她经常鼓励我们多问问题。Myparentsaskedmenottostayuplate不要熬夜。Hehasalotofworktodoeveryday.(动宾关系)Heisalwaysthefirstonetocometoschool.(主谓关系)与它所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，则不定式必须加上Theyonlyhavearoomtolivein.他们只有一个房间可以住。Ihavenopapertowriteon.我没有纸写字。Wewillhavealotofthingstotalkabout.明天我们有很多事情要谈。动词不定式做状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，通常表示目的、原因、Hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus.为了赶上第一辆公交车他起的很早。Tokeephealthy,henevereatsjunkfood.为了保持健康，他从来不吃垃圾食品。原因状语时，常和某些形容词连用构成“be+形容词+todo”的形式。常见的形容词有：happy,glad,sorry,excited,surprised等。Wearegladtohearthenews.我们很开心听到这个消息。I’msorrytotroubleyou.我很抱歉麻烦你。.结果状语动词不定式作结果状语时，常与enough或too连用，构成“adj.+enough+todosth”或“too...todo...”的形式。Heistooyoungtogotoschool.他年级太小不能上学。Heisstrongenoughtocarrytheheavybox.他足够强壮能扛起那个沉重箱子。七．疑问词+动词不定式疑问词(what,which,when,where,how)与动词不定式连用，在句中作主语、表语和宾语。Wheretobuythebookismyproblem.(作主语)Myquestioniswhentostartthemeeting.(作表语)Idon’tknowhowtodealwiththeproblem.(作宾语)*注意区别：Idon’tknowwhattodo.(what是疑问代词，可作及物动词do的宾语)Idon’tknowhowtodoit.(how是疑问副词，不能做宾语)es用所给词的适当形式填空。1.I’msorryIforgot__________(tell)himaboutit,sohedidn’tcome.2.Hehasanambition,itis__________(be)anastronaut(宇航员)likeYangLiwei.3.Becauseoftheheavysmog(雾霾),scientistsadvisedus________(notgo)outforexercise.4.Nowadays,it'sconvenientandcheapforus__________(ride)ashared-bicycle．5.Thanksforyourinvitation,Iamexcited__________(visit)yourhometown.6.Thenewwaterparkisagoodplace___________(havefun).7.Ioftenhearher_________(sing)thissongintheclassroomafterclass.8.I’msosorrytohaveyou__________(wait)forme.9.Beforethespeechhewastoonervous________(say)anything.10.Maryistellinganinterestingstory_____________(make)herbrotherfeelhappy.11.TuYouyouisthefirstChinesewomanscientist____________(win)theNobelPrizeforMedicine.1.Allthesesportsshoesaresobeautiful,soIhaven’tdecided________________.A.whichtochooseB.whattochooseC.howtochooseD.wheretochoose2.—Doyouhaveanyplansforthecomingvacation?—Sure.Wedecide__________SanshainJuly.A.visitB.visitingC.visitedD.tovisit3.Lookatthesign—“Noparking”.Don'tforget____________yourcaraway.A.tomoveB.movingC.movedD.move4.____________theairclean,thegovernment(政府)willclosesomefactoriesinthecity.A.KeepB.KeepingC.TokeepD.Kept5.Wheneverchildrenplaytogether,Susanstandsthereandwatchesthem______suretheydon'tbreakanything.A.makeB.madeC.tomakeD.making6.Ittookmysisterthreehours____________readingthisinterestingstory.A.tofinishB.finishedC.finishingD.finish7.—Whydon'tyougoouttoplay,Mary?—I'mafraidIcan't.Ihavemuchhomework_______.A.doB.doesC.doingD.todo8.Asateacher,myresponsibility(责任)is________mystudentshowtolearnEnglishwell.A.teacherB.toteachC.taughtD.willteach9.—WhyisLiMingpracticingspeakingEnglish?—_______abroadforfurtherstudy.AGoB.GoneC.TogoD.Goes10.—It'simpossibleforme__________myhomeworkinsuchashorttime.—Comeon!I'msureyoucan.A.completedB.tocompleteC.willcompleteD.completes11.Heissogladthatthiscompanyinviteshim__________apresentationonhisinvention.A.givingB.togiveC.nottogiveD.give12.—Wow,Wendy,it'scooltomakeashortvideowithyourmobilephone.—Justwithasoftware(软件)calledMeipai.Letmeshowyou________________.A.whichtouseB.howtouseitC.whattouseD.howtouse13.Sheisverygoodattalking,herwordsalwaysletothers____________comfortable.A.tofeelB.feelingC.feltD.feel14.Themostimportantthingis_________stepstosolvethishardproblem.A.takenB.takesC.totakeD.willtake15.Thechairlooksquitehard,butinfactitisverycomfortable____________.A.sitB.sittingonC.beseatD.tositon三．根据短文内容，用所给词的适当形式填空。Whatishappylife?Differentpeoplehavedifferentanswers.Ithinkmylifeisveryhappy.Atschool,I’mnotatopstudent,butIhavemanygoodfriends.Wearehappy_________(study)togetherandplaytogether.Andwealsoenjoy_________(take)partinfootballmatchestogether.That’smyfavoriteactivity.Myteachersarestrictwithus,butneverpunishus.Theyalwaysencourageus______________(overcome)difficulties.MyfavoritesubjectEnglishmakesme__________(know)moreknowledgeaboutothercountriesandcultures.Athome,Ihaveahappyfamily,Welove____________(travel)allaroundtheworld.Lastsummer,we_