广东省深圳市龙岗区2023-2024 学年八年级下学期学科素养期中诊断英语试卷

第9页（共26页）广东省深圳市龙岗区2023-2024学年下学期学科素养期中诊断八年级英语试卷Ⅰ.完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项1．（10分）"WelcometoEnglishdramaclass!Today，wearegoingtoplayCinderella!"saidLinXiao，oneofthevolunteer（1）fromShenzhenUniversity.Infrontofher，therewere45countryschoolfifthgraderslisteningexcitedly.Inresponsetothegovernment'scallfortherevitalization（复兴）ofcountrysideeducation，theVolunteerTeachingProgramwassetupin2021.Forthreeyears，volunteerslikeLinhavespenttheir（2）teachinginShangbaoVillage，GanzhouCity，wheretheseeducationalimprovementsareexpectedto（3）.Asthecaptain，LinarrivedinGanzhouwithherteamonJuly10，2023.Althoughthelivingconditionswere（4），shebelievedtheexperiencewasvaluableinmakingthelivesoflocalstudentsbetter.Duringtheteaching，LinfoundthatstudentsinvillageschoolsareoftenshortofinterestinEnglishbecauseoffewmaterialsand（5）tousethelanguage.Toincreasetheirconfidenceandinterest，LinandherteamdesignedspecialEnglishdramacoursestoencouragechildrentoexpressthemselves（6）."ItisbetterforvillagestudentstolearnEnglishthrough（7），becausetheywillhavemorefun，"Linexplained.Duringrehearsals（排练），Lin（8）thechildreninunderstandingthestoryline，practisingwordsoverandoveragain，andbuildingcooperationamongthem.Shediscoveredabigchangeinthestudents'attitudes（态度），withmanybecominghighly（9）inEnglish.Onesummermaynotbringdecisivechangestothechildren，butLinhopesonesummer'shard（10）canatleastmakeadifferencetoChina'scountrysideeducation.（1）A.actorsB.lawyersC.doctorsD.teachers（2）A.springsB.summersC.autumnsD.winters（3）A.takeplaceB.makemoneyC.payattentionD.askpermission（4）A.fineB.basicC.terribleD.special（5）A.rightsB.chancesC.minutesD.decisions（6）A.closelyB.bravelyC.carefullyD.healthily（7）A.actingB.singingC.copyingD.writing（8）A.boredB.savedC.guidedD.followed（9）A.usefulB.painfulC.valuableD.interested（10）A.lifeB.workC.feelingsD.questionsⅡ.阅读理解第一节阅读下列短文，从下面每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项2．（7.5分）OnJanuary3，2024，aNorthAtlanticrightwhale（露脊鲸）inSouthCarolinawasseenwithseriousinjuriesonitsheadandmouthfromaboathitting.Itwasdyingfromtheinjuries.Now，expertsarealsoworriedaboutthesurvivalofthiswholepopulation.Becauseofwhalehuntinginthe19thcentury，thereareonly356NorthAtlanticrightwhalesleft.Couldboathittingandoverfishingmakethemdisappearforever？Inthe1851novelMobyDick，rightwhalesweredescribedasthemostrespectablelargeanimalsbeinghuntedbyman.Whenprotectionswerestartedinthe1930s，thepopulation—oncearound21，000—nearlydiedout：ItwasthoughtthattheNorthAtlanticspecies（物种）wasdowntojusttwodozen.By2010，thepopulationhadgotbetter，reachingnearly500beforegoingdownagainbyaround2017.Thismostrecentfallhasnotchangedmuch，butthespeciesisstillingreatdanger.Boathittingisoneofthemaindangerstorightwhales..Researchshowsthatstayingwithinboatspeedlimits（限制）canprotectdifferentwhale.species.Slowingdownistheonlypracticalwaynowtoprotectthesewhalesfrombeinghit.Aswellasshippingandfishing，changesinweatherpatterns.makeitmoredifficultforright.whalestofindfood."ItispossibletoloseNorthAtlanticrightwhalesforever，"saysabiologist.Whalesareimportanttotheworldbecausetheyhelptomovenutrients（营养）aroundtheocean—feedingindeepwatersthenpooping（排便）atthesurface.Whatwouldhappentotheoceanifrightwhaleswerelost？（1）Whatpartsoftherightwhalewerehurt？A.Itsbackandtail.B.Itseyesandears.C.Itshandsandmouth.D.Itsheadandmouth.（2）Whenwasthenumberofrightwhalesthesmallest？A.In1851.B.In1930.C.In2010.D.In.2017.（3）Whatisthebestwaytoprotectrightwhalesfromboathitting？A.Toslowdownboatspeed.B.Tocutdownfishingactivities.C.Tomakeshippingsafer.D.Tofightagainstweatherchanges.（4）WhatisthemainideaofParagraph4？A.Rightwhaleswillalldisappearoneday.B.Rightwhalesgetlosteasilyintheocean.C.Rightwhalesareimportanttotheocean.D.Rightwhalesmovenutrientstooceansurface.（5）Wherecanweprobablyfindthetext？A.Inanewsreport.B.Inabookreview.C.Inatravelguide.D.Inanartmagazine.3．（7.5分）HavinggrownupinArizonawiththeGrandCanyonandtheredplateaus（高原）ofSedonainmybackyard，Ispentmanyyoungerdaysfishingandexploringthemysteriousland.IbelievedthissouthwesternstateishometothemostbeautifullandscapeonEarth.Noforeignscenerycouldcomparewithitsendlessblueskyandgreatmountains.IthoughtsountilIwasinvitedtovisitasouthwesternprovinceinChina.OnmytriptoGuizhou，IhadthechancetogoboatingonWanfengLake.AtonepointIrested，floatingatthecentreofthelake，listeningtothespacesbetweensilenceandlookingatthemountainsaroundme.Ithoughtaboutmychildhood，andwishedIhadlistenedmorecloselytomyfather'sfishingstories.Duringmytriparoundthecityof.Xingyi，inGuizhou，IsawtheartworksoftheBouyeiethnicgroup（布依族）.Theyusecoloursproducedfromplantstomakeclothesofbrightbluesandgreens.Localeldersstillpractiseweaving（编织）withwoodenmachinesandpassthattraditionontotheirgrandchildren.Thehistoryhereiseasilynoticed.Onecouldreachout，touchit，andbreatheit.Itremindedmeof.myhome.Mymotherlovedtomakeourhomemorebeautifulwithpaintingsandsomehandmadeartworks.Thedesignswereancient，andcarried.wisdomwithinthem.ThisEarthisourhome，andwecelebrateitswonders.IcaughtthatsamefeelingwhileenjoyingtheartworksinXingyi.I'velivedawayfromArizonafor10years，livinganewlifeinChina.I'vesuccessfullybuiltmyselfafamilyandacareer.IfeelasthoughIhaveeverythingthatIneed.Foramoment，inGuizhou，Ifelthome.（1）Whatdidthewriterbelieveabouthishometown？A.ItwasafishingvillageinAmerica.B.Itsnaturalbeautywasincomparable.C.ItwasthemostbeautifulplaceonEarth.D.Thewriterspentapainfulchildhoodthere.（2）WhatdidthewriterdoonWanfengLake？A.Catchfish.B.Enjoyaboattrip.C.Listentostories.D.Climbmountains.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"reachout"inParagraph3probablymean？A.Showinterestinsomething.B.Workhardtoachievesomething.C.Keepintouchwithsomething.D.Moveone'shandtowardssomething.（4）HowdidthewriterfeelwhileenjoyingtheartworksinXingyi？A.Homesick.B.Excited.C.Worried.D.Nervous.（5）Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage？A.ExploringbeautyinArizonaB.LivingaquietlifeinChinaC.FeelingathomeinGuizhouD.DiscoveringhistoryinGuizhou4．（7.5分）Wearetoldthatbreakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday，andaregivenlunchbreaksatschool.However，isthisthehealthiestwaytoeat？Shouldweeatthreemealsaday？Beforeconsideringhowoftenweshouldeat，scientistsadviseustoconsiderwhenweshouldn't.Intermittentfasting（间歇性断食），whereyoustopeatingfoodformanyhours，hasbecomeapopularareaofresearch.Itallowsourstomachtorest.Ithelpsourbodytoclearbrokenproteins（蛋白质），whichprotectsusagainstmanydiseases.Butifintermittentfastingisahealthywaytoeat，howmanymealsdoesthisleaveroomfor？Someexpertsarguethatitisbesttohaveonemealaday.DavidLevitsky，professoratCornellUniversity，doesthishimself.Wouldn'tonemealadayleaveusfeelinghungry？Notalways，becausehungerisoftenafeeling."Whentheclocksays12p.m.，wemaygetfeelingstoeat，butbeforewehadfridgesandsupermarkets，weatewhentherewasfood."Anotherexpert，Manoogan，doesn'tagreewithit.Hesaysitcanmakeourbloodglucose（血糖）goup.Tokeepourbloodglucoselow，weneedtoeatregularly.Twoorthreemealsadayisthebest.Andweshouldeatmostofourfoodearlierintheday."Thenourbodiescanusetheenergyfromourfoodallday，insteadofsavingitasfat（脂肪）."Evenifintermittentfastingisthehealthiestwaytoeat，itmaynotbeagoodidea.foreveryone.Ifyouwanttotryit，remembertocheckwithyourdoctorfirst.（1）Howdoesthewriterintroducethetopic？A.Bytellingastory.B.Byaskingquestions.C.Byusingasaying.D.Bymakingacomparison.（2）Whichbenefitscanintermittentfastingbring？①Fixingbrokenproteins.②Allowingthestomachtorest.③Helpingscientistsdoresearch.④Keepingussafefromsomeillness.A.①②③B.②③④C.①②④D.①③④（3）WhydoesLevitskysaythatonemealadaymightnotleaveusfeelinghungry？A.Becauseourbodiescansavefoodasfat.B.Becausewehavefridgesandsupermarkets.C.Becausewecanchoosetoeatwheneverwewant.D.Becauseweofteneatoutofhabit，nottruehunger.（4）Whatdoestheunderlined"it"inParagraph4referto？A.Onemealaday.B.Threemealsaday.C.Intermittentfasting.D.Eatingmuchatnight.（5）Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinthelastparagraph？A.Wecan'tdoanythinguntilweknowmore.B.Doctorssuggestwetryintermittentfasting.C.Intermittentfastingdoesn'tworkforeveryone.D.Seeingthedoctoristhebestwaytobecomehealthy.第二节阅读下面短文，并从方框里的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文，使原文的意思连贯、完整5．（10分）A.Thisisthebenefitofvoting.B.They'realwaysagreatchoice.C.Youcaninviteyourfriendsyourself.D.Infact，manypeoplepreferaclubthatisallaboutonekindofbook.E.Somebookclubsalloweachmembertotakeaturnpickingthebook.F.Makesureeveryonewalksawaywithabetterunderstandingofthebook.Thosewhohaveexperiencedthemagicofbookclubsknowhowamazingitistodiscussyourlatestreadwithotherbooklovers.Ifyou'relookingforacommunityofreaders，youcantakethesestepstostartyourownbookclub.DecidethetypeofbookclubIfyoulovesciencefiction（科幻小说）andfantasynovels，goaheadandstartthattypeofbookclub.Youdon'tneedtocoverdifferenttypesofgenre（文体）inyourclub.（1）Pickthebook（2）Othersvote（投票）forthebookstheywanttoreadtogether.Ifyoustillhavedifficultymakingchoices，looktothebestsellingandaward﹣winningbooks.（3）FindyourbookclubmembersThereareafewwaystoadvertiseyourbookclub.（4）Ifyouneedmoremembers，puttingupapostcanalsoencourageotherstudentsinyourschooltojoinyourclub.PickdiscussionquestionsAftergettingtheclubready，interestingdiscussionquestionsarealwaysneededtohelpguidetheconversation.（5）Youcanstartbyaskingyourmembershowmuchtheylikedthebook，sothateveryonehasachancetosaywhattheythinkbeforemovingtodeeperdiscussion.第三节6．（7.5分）下面的材料A～F分别介绍了六种休闲放松方式。请根据Sherry，Amy，David，Michael，Alice的需求选择最适合放松方式。A.HeadtothelibraryGoingtoaquietandcleanlibrarycancalmyoudown.Agoodbookalsoincreasesyourknowledgeandunderstandingoftheworld，whichhelpsyoudealwiththedifficultsituations.B.TidyupyourroomAmessyroomincreasesworry.Researchshowsthatkeepingatidyroomwillallowyoutobetterrelax.Inaddition，doingsomechoresbringslessstressandgreatercreativity.C.WatchthesunsetTheSunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewesteverydayofyourlife.Ifyouhategettingupearlytoseethesunrise，whynotchoosetositdown，andjustwatchthesunset.D.HaveafootbathFootbathsareoneoflife'sbestlittlepleasures，allowingyoutorelaxinbodyandspirit.Yourfeetdoalltheheavyliftinginyourday﹣to﹣daylifesodon'tyouthinktheyareworthalittlelove？E.ExploretheforestExploringforestsisoneofthehottestwaysofkeepinghealthy.Simplybeingoutdoorsinnatureoffersyouachancetobreatheinfreshair.Getoutsideandexplorethegreatoutdoors!F.LookthrougholdphotosLookingthrougholdphotosremindsyouofsomebeautifulmemories.Nothingisbetterthanthesoundofyourmother'svoice，thesafetyofyourfather'shugandthelaughterofyourfriends.（1）Sherryfindsitreallydifficulttostudyinadisorganizedenvironment.（2）Amyenjoysreadingandwantstoknowmoreabouttheworld.（3）DavidstudiesintheUKandreallymisseshisparentsandfriends.（4）Michaellovesrunningandsometimeshisfeethurtattheendofajog.（5）Alicegetssickeasilyandthedoctoradviseshertobreatheinmorefreshair.Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案写在答题卡相应位置。7．（10分）Weiqi，orGo，isanancientgameofstrategy（战略）inventedinChinamorethan2，500yearsago.Itisplayedwithwhiteandblackpiecescalled"（1）（stone）"onaboard.Thewordweiqimeans"surroundinggame"，becauseonegoalofthegameistosurroundtheotherplayer'spieces.AroundtheSouthernandNorthernDynasties，thegame（2）（bring）toKoreaandJapan，whereitbecamesopopular.WhileGoisawarstrategygame，（3）（it）goalisnotsimplyto"kill"theotherplayer'spieces，buttocaptureterritory（地盘）.Often，thefirstandmostimportantthingisnottowin，buttoplay（4）goodgame.Thereisafamoussaying："Itisapleasure（5）（win），andapleasuretoloseaswell."Mostofthetime，thegametakesplaceinsilenceastheplayers（6）（peaceful）thinkabouttheirnextmove.Thoughtheyareplaying（7）eachother，theplayersmustworktogethertoplaythegame.Whenaplayermakesamove，theotherplayerhastoguessthestrategyandmakeamove，soeventhoughnowords（8）（speak），thetwoplayersarealwayscommunicating.Justasgoodconversationbuildsfriendship，Goplayersbuildfriendshipsthroughhoursof（9）（please）handconversationwithoutsayingaword.Goprovidespropertrainingnotonlyforthemind，（10）alsothesoul（心灵）.Itisthoughtthatplayersbecomebetterpeoplefromplayingthistraditionalgame.Ⅳ.书面表达8．（15分）假设你是李华。你的英国笔友Peter即将参加一次有关中国传统文化的演讲比赛，想请教你如何准备。请根据提示写一封回信。要点提示：1.推荐演讲内容及原因；2.演讲注意事项：①肢体语言；②……；3.表达祝福。要求：1.80词左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.文章不能出现真实姓名及学校名称：4.条理清楚，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范。DearPeter，KnowingyouaregoingtotakepartinaspeechcompetitionontraditionalChineseculture，_______.Emailmeifyouhaveanyfurtherquestions.Yours，LiHua

参考答案与试题解析Ⅰ.完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项1．（10分）"WelcometoEnglishdramaclass!Today，wearegoingtoplayCinderella!"saidLinXiao，oneofthevolunteer（1）DfromShenzhenUniversity.Infrontofher，therewere45countryschoolfifthgraderslisteningexcitedly.Inresponsetothegovernment'scallfortherevitalization（复兴）ofcountrysideeducation，theVolunteerTeachingProgramwassetupin2021.Forthreeyears，volunteerslikeLinhavespenttheir（2）BteachinginShangbaoVillage，GanzhouCity，wheretheseeducationalimprovementsareexpectedto（3）A.Asthecaptain，LinarrivedinGanzhouwithherteamonJuly10，2023.Althoughthelivingconditionswere（4）C，shebelievedtheexperiencewasvaluableinmakingthelivesoflocalstudentsbetter.Duringtheteaching，LinfoundthatstudentsinvillageschoolsareoftenshortofinterestinEnglishbecauseoffewmaterialsand（5）Btousethelanguage.Toincreasetheirconfidenceandinterest，LinandherteamdesignedspecialEnglishdramacoursestoencouragechildrentoexpressthemselves（6）B."ItisbetterforvillagestudentstolearnEnglishthrough（7）A，becausetheywillhavemorefun，"Linexplained.Duringrehearsals（排练），Lin（8）Cthechildreninunderstandingthestoryline，practisingwordsoverandoveragain，andbuildingcooperationamongthem.Shediscoveredabigchangeinthestudents'attitudes（态度），withmanybecominghighly（9）DinEnglish.Onesummermaynotbringdecisivechangestothechildren，butLinhopesonesummer'shard（10）BcanatleastmakeadifferencetoChina'scountrysideeducation.（1）A.actorsB.lawyersC.doctorsD.teachers（2）A.springsB.summersC.autumnsD.winters（3）A.takeplaceB.makemoneyC.payattentionD.askpermission（4）A.fineB.basicC.terribleD.special（5）A.rightsB.chancesC.minutesD.decisions（6）A.closelyB.bravelyC.carefullyD.healthily（7）A.actingB.singingC.copyingD.writing（8）A.boredB.savedC.guidedD.followed（9）A.usefulB.painfulC.valuableD.interested（10）A.lifeB.workC.feelingsD.questions【分析】这是一篇关于深圳大学志愿者林晓在响应政府振兴乡村教育的号召下，参与志愿教学项目的故事。林晓和她的团队在赣州上堡村进行了三年的教学工作，他们发现乡村学生对英语缺乏兴趣，因此设计了特别的英语戏剧课程来激发孩子们的兴趣和自信。尽管生活条件艰苦，林晓认为这些经历对改善当地学生生活很有价值，并希望这些努力能对中国乡村教育产生积极影响。【解答】（1）考查名词。句意："欢迎来到英语戏剧课!"今天，我们要扮演灰姑娘!来自深圳大学的志愿者教师林晓说。A.actors演员；B.lawyers律师；C.doctors医生；D.teachers教师。根据空格后面的词语是fromShenzhenUniversity（来自深圳大学）可知，来自深圳大学的志愿者教师林晓说。故选：D。（2）考查名词。句意：三年来，像林这样的志愿者在赣州市上堡村度过了他们的暑假。A.springs春天；B.summers夏天；C.autumns秋天；D.winters冬天。根据下文Onesummermaynotbringdecisivechangestothechildren（一个夏天可能不会给孩子们带来决定性的改变）可知，三年来，像林这样的志愿者在赣州市上堡村度过了他们的暑假。故选：B。（3）考查动词短语。句意：三年来，像林这样的志愿者在赣州市上堡村度过了他们的暑假，在那里，这些教育改善期望会发生。A.takeplace发生；B.makemoney赚钱；C.payattention注意；D.askpermission请求许可。空格前面的词语是theseeducationalimprovementsareexpectedto（这些教育改善期望会发生）可知，三年来，像林这样的志愿者在赣州市上堡村度过了他们的暑假，在那里，这些教育改善期望会发生。故选：A。（4）考查形容词。句意：虽然生活条件是糟糕的，但她相信这次经历对改善当地学生的生活很有价值。A.fine好的；B.basic基础的；C.terrible糟糕的；D.special特别的。空格前面的词语是Althoughthelivingconditionswere（虽然生活条件是）可知，虽然生活条件是糟糕的，但她相信这次经历对改善当地学生的生活很有价值。故选：C。（5）考查名词。句意：在教学过程中，林发现乡村学校的学生往往因为材料少而使用语言的机会少而对英语缺乏兴趣。A.rights权力；B.chances机会；C.minutes分钟；D.decisions决定。根据becauseoffewmaterials（因为材料少）可知，在教学过程中，林发现乡村学校的学生往往因为材料少而使用语言的机会少而对英语缺乏兴趣。故选：B。（6）考查副词。句意：为了增加孩子们的信心和兴趣，林和她的团队设计了专门的英语戏剧课程，鼓励孩子们勇敢地表达自己。A.closely靠近；B.bravely勇敢地；C.carefully认真地；D.healthily健康地。空格前面的词语是encouragechildrentoexpressthemselves（鼓励孩子们表达自己）可知，为了增加孩子们的信心和兴趣，林和她的团队设计了专门的英语戏剧课程，鼓励孩子们勇敢地表达自己。故选：B。（7）考查动名词。句意：乡村学生最好通过表演来学习英语，因为他们会有更多的乐趣。A.acting表演；B.singing唱歌；C.copying复制；D.writing写。根据上文LinandherteamdesignedspecialEnglishdrama（林和她的团队设计了专门的英语戏剧课程）可知，乡村学生最好通过表演来学习英语，因为他们会有更多的乐趣。故选：A。（8）考查动词。句意：排练期间，林引导孩子们理解故事情节，反复练习单词，并在他们之间建立合作关系。A.bored使无聊；B.saved保存；C.guided引导；D.followed跟随。根据Duringrehearsals（排练）可知，排练期间，林引导孩子们理解故事情节，反复练习单词，并在他们之间建立合作关系。故选：C。（9）考查形容词。句意：她发现学生们的态度发生了很大的变化，许多人的对英语很感兴趣。A.useful有用的；B.painful痛苦的；C.valuable有价值的；D.interested感兴趣的。根据上文Toincreasetheirconfidenceandinterest，（为了增加孩子们的信心和兴趣）可知，她发现学生们的态度发生了很大的变化，许多人的对英语很感兴趣。故选：D。（10）考查名词。句意：一个夏天的艰苦工作不可能给孩子们带来决定性的改变，但林希望一个夏天的努力至少能改变中国的乡村教育。A.life生活；B.work工作；C.feelings思想；D.questions问题。根据上文Forthreeyears，volunteerslikeLinhavespenttheir（2）_____teachinginShangbaoVillage（三年来，像林这样的志愿者在上堡村度过了他们的暑假。）可知，一个夏天的艰苦工作不可能给孩子们带来决定性的改变，但林希望一个夏天的努力至少能改变中国的乡村教育。故选：B。【点评】首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的选项做出选择，结合选出的选项再读短文，从中找出最符合短文的选项，就可以确定正确答案。Ⅱ.阅读理解第一节阅读下列短文，从下面每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项2．（7.5分）OnJanuary3，2024，aNorthAtlanticrightwhale（露脊鲸）inSouthCarolinawasseenwithseriousinjuriesonitsheadandmouthfromaboathitting.Itwasdyingfromtheinjuries.Now，expertsarealsoworriedaboutthesurvivalofthiswholepopulation.Becauseofwhalehuntinginthe19thcentury，thereareonly356NorthAtlanticrightwhalesleft.Couldboathittingandoverfishingmakethemdisappearforever？Inthe1851novelMobyDick，rightwhalesweredescribedasthemostrespectablelargeanimalsbeinghuntedbyman.Whenprotectionswerestartedinthe1930s，thepopulation—oncearound21，000—nearlydiedout：ItwasthoughtthattheNorthAtlanticspecies（物种）wasdowntojusttwodozen.By2010，thepopulationhadgotbetter，reachingnearly500beforegoingdownagainbyaround2017.Thismostrecentfallhasnotchangedmuch，butthespeciesisstillingreatdanger.Boathittingisoneofthemaindangerstorightwhales..Researchshowsthatstayingwithinboatspeedlimits（限制）canprotectdifferentwhale.species.Slowingdownistheonlypracticalwaynowtoprotectthesewhalesfrombeinghit.Aswellasshippingandfishing，changesinweatherpatterns.makeitmoredifficultforright.whalestofindfood."ItispossibletoloseNorthAtlanticrightwhalesforever，"saysabiologist.Whalesareimportanttotheworldbecausetheyhelptomovenutrients（营养）aroundtheocean—feedingindeepwatersthenpooping（排便）atthesurface.Whatwouldhappentotheoceanifrightwhaleswerelost？（1）Whatpartsoftherightwhalewerehurt？DA.Itsbackandtail.B.Itseyesandears.C.Itshandsandmouth.D.Itsheadandmouth.（2）Whenwasthenumberofrightwhalesthesmallest？BA.In1851.B.In1930.C.In2010.D.In.2017.（3）Whatisthebestwaytoprotectrightwhalesfromboathitting？AA.Toslowdownboatspeed.B.Tocutdownfishingactivities.C.Tomakeshippingsafer.D.Tofightagainstweatherchanges.（4）WhatisthemainideaofParagraph4？CA.Rightwhaleswillalldisappearoneday.B.Rightwhalesgetlosteasilyintheocean.C.Rightwhalesareimportanttotheocean.D.Rightwhalesmovenutrientstooceansurface.（5）Wherecanweprobablyfindthetext？AA.Inanewsreport.B.Inabookreview.C.Inatravelguide.D.Inanartmagazine.【分析】2024年1月3日，一只北大西洋露脊鲸在美国南卡罗来纳州因船只撞击头部和口部受重伤，生命垂危。专家担忧，由于19世纪的捕鲸活动，目前仅存356头北大西洋露脊鲸，船只撞击和过度捕鱼可能使其永远灭绝。降低船速是目前保护鲸鱼免受撞击的唯一实际方法。鲸类对于海洋生态系统至关重要，若露脊鲸消失，将对海洋造成不可预测的影响。【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段aNorthAtlanticrightwhale（露脊鲸）inSouthCarolinawasseenwithseriousinjuriesonitsheadandmouthfromaboathitting.（一只北大西洋露脊鲸在美国南卡罗来纳州被发现，它因为船只撞击头部和口部受重伤。）可知，它的头部和口部受伤。故选D。（2）推理判断题。根据第二段Whenprotectionswerestartedinthe1930s，thepopulation—oncearound21，000—nearlydiedout.（当19世纪30年代开始实施保护措施时，曾经21000的数量几乎灭绝。）可知，19世纪30年代露背鲸几乎灭绝，所以1930年的时候露背鲸的数量最小。故选B。（3）细节理解题。根据第三段Slowingdownistheonlypracticalwaynowtoprotectthesewhalesfrombeinghit.（降低船速是目前保护鲸鱼免受撞击的唯一实际方法。）可知，保护鲸鱼免受船只撞击的最好办法是降低船速。故选A。（4）段落大意题。根据第四段Whalesareimportanttotheworldbecausetheyhelptomovenutrients（营养）aroundtheocean—feedingindeepwatersthenpooping（排便）atthesurface.（鲸鱼对世界很重要，因为它们有助于在海洋周围输送营养——在深海里进食，在海面排便。）可知，第四段主要介绍鲸鱼对海洋很重要。故选C。（5）推理判断题。本文介绍了露背鲸的现状以及相关的保护措施，文章应该是出自于新闻报道。故选A。【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。3．（7.5分）HavinggrownupinArizonawiththeGrandCanyonandtheredplateaus（高原）ofSedonainmybackyard，Ispentmanyyoungerdaysfishingandexploringthemysteriousland.IbelievedthissouthwesternstateishometothemostbeautifullandscapeonEarth.Noforeignscenerycouldcomparewithitsendlessblueskyandgreatmountains.IthoughtsountilIwasinvitedtovisitasouthwesternprovinceinChina.OnmytriptoGuizhou，IhadthechancetogoboatingonWanfengLake.AtonepointIrested，floatingatthecentreofthelake，listeningtothespacesbetweensilenceandlookingatthemountainsaroundme.Ithoughtaboutmychildhood，andwishedIhadlistenedmorecloselytomyfather'sfishingstories.Duringmytriparoundthecityof.Xingyi，inGuizhou，IsawtheartworksoftheBouyeiethnicgroup（布依族）.Theyusecoloursproducedfromplantstomakeclothesofbrightbluesandgreens.Localeldersstillpractiseweaving（编织）withwoodenmachinesandpassthattraditionontotheirgrandchildren.Thehistoryhereiseasilynoticed.Onecouldreachout，touchit，andbreatheit.Itremindedmeof.myhome.Mymotherlovedtomakeourhomemorebeautifulwithpaintingsandsomehandmadeartworks.Thedesignswereancient，andcarried.wisdomwithinthem.ThisEarthisourhome，andwecelebrateitswonders.IcaughtthatsamefeelingwhileenjoyingtheartworksinXingyi.I'velivedawayfromArizonafor10years，livinganewlifeinChina.I'vesuccessfullybuiltmyselfafamilyandacareer.IfeelasthoughIhaveeverythingthatIneed.Foramoment，inGuizhou，Ifelthome.（1）Whatdidthewriterbelieveabouthishometown？CA.ItwasafishingvillageinAmerica.B.Itsnaturalbeautywasincomparable.C.ItwasthemostbeautifulplaceonEarth.D.Thewriterspentapainfulchildhoodthere.（2）WhatdidthewriterdoonWanfengLake？BA.Catchfish.B.Enjoyaboattrip.C.Listentostories.D.Climbmountains.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"reachout"inParagraph3probablymean？DA.Showinterestinsomething.B.Workhardtoachievesomething.C.Keepintouchwithsomething.D.Moveone'shandtowardssomething.（4）HowdidthewriterfeelwhileenjoyingtheartworksinXingyi？AA.Homesick.B.Excited.C.Worried.D.Nervous.（5）Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage？CA.ExploringbeautyinArizonaB.LivingaquietlifeinChinaC.FeelingathomeinGuizhouD.DiscoveringhistoryinGuizhou【分析】本文主要讲述了作者在亚利桑那州长大，认为那里的景色是地球上最美的。但当他受邀访问中国贵州时，他在万峰湖的游览和欣赏布依族的艺术品中找回了童年的记忆，感受到了家的温暖，意识到世界各地都有值得庆祝的自然和文化奇迹。在贵州的经历让已在异国他乡生活十年的他，再次有了归属感。【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段提到HavinggrownupinArizonawiththeGrandCanyonandtheredplateaus（高原）ofSedonainmybackyard，Ispentmanyyoungerdaysfishingandexploringthemysteriousland.IbelievedthissouthwesternstateishometothemostbeautifullandscapeonEarth.（我在亚利桑那州长大，后院有大峡谷和塞多纳的红色高原，年轻的时候，我花了很多时间去钓鱼和探索这片神秘的土地。我相信这个西南部的州拥有地球上最美丽的风景。）可知，这是地球上最美丽的地方，故选C。（2）细节理解题。根据第二段提到OnmytriptoGuizhou，IhadthechancetogoboatingonWanfengLake.AtonepointIrested，floatingatthecentreofthelake，listeningtothespacesbetweensilenceandlookingatthemountainsaroundme.Ithoughtaboutmychildhood，andwishedIhadlistenedmorecloselytomyfather'sfishingstories.（在我的贵州之旅中，我有机会去丰丸湖上划船。在某一点上，我休息了，漂浮在湖的中央，倾听着寂静的间隙，看着我周围的山。我想起了我的童年，希望我能更仔细地听父亲讲钓鱼的故事。）可知，在丰丸湖上划船，故选B。（3）词义猜测题。根据第三段提到Thehistoryhereiseasilynoticed.Onecouldreachout，touchit，andbreatheit.（这里的历史很容易被注意到。人们可以伸出手，触摸它，呼吸它。）可知，reachout意为"接触"，故选D。（4）细节理解题。根据第三段提到Itremindedmeofmyhome.Mymotherlovedtomakeourhomemorebeautifulwithpaintingsandsomehandmadeartworks.Thedesignswereancient，andcarried.wisdomwithinthem.ThisEarthisourhome，andwecelebrateitswonders.IcaughtthatsamefeelingwhileenjoyingtheartworksinXingyi.（它让我想起了我的家。我妈妈喜欢用绘画和一些手工艺术品让我们的家变得更漂亮。这些设计是古老的，蕴含着智慧。地球是我们的家园，我们赞美它的奇迹。我在兴义欣赏艺术品时也有同样的感觉。）可知，欣赏兴义的艺术品使我想起自己的家，勾起了我的思乡之情，故选A。（5）标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了作者在亚利桑那州长大，认为那里的景色是地球上最美的。但当他受邀访问中国贵州时，他在万峰湖的游览和欣赏布依族的艺术品中找回了童年的记忆，感受到了家的温暖，意识到世界各地都有值得庆祝的自然和文化奇迹。在贵州的经历让已在异国他乡生活十年的他，再次有了归属感，C项FeelingathomeinGuizhou（在贵州有家的感觉）更符合标题，故选C。【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。4．（7.5分）Wearetoldthatbreakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday，andaregivenlunchbreaksatschool.However，isthisthehealthiestwaytoeat？Shouldweeatthreemealsaday？Beforeconsideringhowoftenweshouldeat，scientistsadviseustoconsiderwhenweshouldn't.Intermittentfasting（间歇性断食），whereyoustopeatingfoodformanyhours，hasbecomeapopularareaofresearch.Itallowsourstomachtorest.Ithelpsourbodytoclearbrokenproteins（蛋白质），whichprotectsusagainstmanydiseases.Butifintermittentfastingisahealthywaytoeat，howmanymealsdoesthisleaveroomfor？Someexpertsarguethatitisbesttohaveonemealaday.DavidLevitsky，professoratCornellUniversity，doesthishimself.Wouldn'tonemealadayleaveusfeelinghungry？Notalways，becausehungerisoftenafeeling