适用于新高考新教材备战2025届高考英语一轮总复习高考题型组合练Unit2Understandingeachother课件牛津译林版选择性必修第四册

Unit2

UnderstandingeachotherⅠⅡⅢⅠ.阅读理解AAasrithaDurisetirecentlynoticedhergrandmother’sdifficultyopeningabottlecap.Fortunately,shefoundasolutioninhereighth-gradeengineeringclassatCarsonMiddleSchoolinHerndon,Virginia,whoseassignmentwastoadaptexistingproductstomakedailylifeeasierforpeoplewithchallenges.Aasritha’screativitykickedinassheresearchedexistingbottle-openingdevices.Sheusedapieceofwoodshapedlikeacellphoneandputthreeholesonit,eachindifferentsizeandlinedwithalayerofdried,stickyhotglue,whichprovidedfirmgrips(防滑力)forcommonbottlecaps.Withasimpletwisting(拧)motion,hergrandmothercouldopenbottleswithoutassistance.ⅠⅡⅢ“Studentsintheclassusedmorethantheirmath,physicsandtoolskills.

Theyalsolearnedtolookatproblemsfromanother’spointofview,”saidTeacherMarkBolt.“Engineersneedtoputthemselvesintheirproductusers’shoestobuildeffectivesolutions.”Otherstudentsintheclassalsoshowedsensitivityastheywatchedfriendsandfamilystrugglewithdailytasks.MichaelKuwashimanoticedhowdyslexia—areadingdisorderthatthebraintendstoconfusetheorderofnumbers,lettersandotherimages—madeitdifficultforafriendtofollowalongonpagesfulloftext.Therefore,Michaelcreatedasmalladjustablewindow-blind-styledevice.“Myfriendcouldisolate(分离)smallsectionsoftextwhilereading,”hesaid.ⅠⅡⅢArjanGargfocusedonadifferentproblem.Sometimesputtingonclothescanbehardforpeoplewithalimitedrangeofmotion.Arjancreateda“dressingstick”usingfourwoodsticksofdifferentsizestofitdifferentclothing.Thestudentstrieddifferentversionsoftheirproductsalongthewaytomakethebestonetoshowtheclass.ⅠⅡⅢRatherthanrequirestep-by-stepdirectionsforcreatingtheirprojects,Boltpreferredtoleavestudents’creativepathsopen.“Ifwewanttodobetter,wehavetohaveachancetofail,”hesaid.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在Carson

Middle

School八年级的机械工程课上,学生们不仅学会了通过对现有设备进行改造使周围人的生活更加便利,而且还学会了站在他人的角度思考问题,关心他人的需求。ⅠⅡⅢ1.WhydidAasrithacreateanewbottle-openingdevice?A.Shehopedtogetahigherscore.B.Shewasinterestedinengineering.C.Shehaddifficultyopeningbottlecaps.D.Shewantedtohelphergrandmother.√推理判断题。由第一段内容可知,Aasritha要发明一种新的开瓶装置是因为她想帮助她的祖母。故选D项。ⅠⅡⅢ2.Whatdidstudentslearnfromtheclass?A.Workingwithothers.B.Conductingfieldexperiments.C.Understandingothers’feelings.D.Communicatingwithproductusers.√细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“They

also

learned

to

look

at

problems

from

another’s

point

of

view”可知,该课程教会学生们理解他人的感受。故选C项。ⅠⅡⅢ3.Howdidstudentsfinishtheirassignment?A.Withtheaidofaguidebook.B.Throughtrialanderror.C.Withthehelpofclassmates.D.Underthedetailedinstructions.√推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的“Rather

than

require

step-by-step

directions

for

creating

their

projects,Bolt

preferred

to

leave

students’

creative

paths

open.”可知,学生是通过自主探索、试验来完成创造的。故选B项。ⅠⅡⅢ4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Aninspiringclass.B.Anexcellentteacher.C.Somescientificmethods.D.Sometalentedstudents.√主旨大意题。根据全文内容,尤其是第一段内容和第三段中的“Students

in

the

class

used

more

than

their

math,physics

and

tool

skills.They

also

learned

to

look

at

problems

from

another’s

point

of

view”可知,文章主要讲述Carson

Middle

School八年级的机械工程课帮助学生们创造了一些设备,同时教会学生从他人角度思考问题,因此文章主要讲述了一门有启发性的课。故选A项。ⅠⅡⅢBYoudrinkdietsodaenjoyingthesweettastewithouttheguiltofcalories.Butscientistshavelongsuspectedalinkbetweenartificialsweeteners(甜味剂)andobesityinhumans.Anewstudysuggeststhatartificialsweetenersmaynotbeasharmlessasoncethought.Theymaynotonlydisturbthemicrobes(微生物)livinginthebodiesofhumans,butsomemayevenincreasetheriskofweightgain.ⅠⅡⅢEveryhumanhostsauniquegroupofmicrobes.Thenumberofcellsthatmakeupthisvastcommunity,calledmicrobiome(微生物群),isextremelylargeinthehumanbody.Itnotonlyhelpsdigestionbutalsoprotectsagainstdiseases.

Thedisturbancetothemicrobiomeoccursbecauseartificialsweeteners,

althoughzerocaloriesforhumans,serveasnutrientsforsomemicrobes,whichthenincreaserapidly.Thiscausesanimbalanceinmicrobialpopulationsthatcanleadtodiseases.ⅠⅡⅢInthestudy,scientistsfirstchose1,375volunteerstoseeiftheyconsumedartificialsweetenersintheirdailylives.Then,theyidentified120volunteerswhowerenotpreviouslyexposedtoartificialsweetenersandgavethemoneofthefourcommonlyusedsweeteners—saccharin,sucralose,aspartame,andsteviafortwoweeks.Afterthat,totesthowartificialsweetenersaffectthebody’sabilitytocontrolthesuddenincreaseofbloodsugarafterconsumingsugaraspartofmeals,volunteersweremonitoredforbloodglucose(血糖)

levelsafteratestglucosedrink.ⅠⅡⅢThestudyshowedthatsucraloseandsaccharinpushedthebodytowardsglucoseintolerance,which,ifsustained,cancauseweightgain.However,

aspartameandsteviadidnotaffectglucosetoleranceatthetestedlevels.“Thestudyisthefirsttoshowthatthehumanmicrobiomerespondstoartificialsweeteners.It’salsoaconvincingstudytoshowhowthesesweetenersreallyareaffectingthehumanbody,”saysMichaelGoran,aprofessoratChildren’sHospitalLosAngeles.ⅠⅡⅢ“Thisstudyprovidesevidenceofbothshort-termharmfuleffectsandlong-termnegativeeffectscausedbyartificialsweeteners,”DavidKatz,anutritionspecialist,says.“Thatdoesnotmeanartificialsweetenersshouldbereplacedwithsugar.Rather,alternativeapproachestoreducingsugarintakeshouldbeconsidered.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工甜味剂并非像人们曾经以为的那样无害。ⅠⅡⅢ5.Whatdoesthenewstudyreveal?A.Dietsodacontainsmorecaloriesthansugarydrinks.B.Exercisecanhelppeoplereducetheriskofdiseases.C.Artificialsweetenershavenegativeeffectsonhumans.D.Obesityisthemostcommonhealthproblemamongadults.√细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A

new

study

suggests

that

artificial

sweeteners

may

not

be

as

harmless

as

once

thought.”可知,之前人们认为喝无糖饮料无害健康,而这项新的研究表明,其中的人造甜味剂是有害健康的。故选C项。ⅠⅡⅢ6.Howdosweetenersdisturbthemicrobiome?A.Itprobablydestroysthefunctionofdigestion.B.Itusuallycausesarapidlossofhealthycells.C.Itsometimesfeedsharmfulbacteriainthebody.D.Itoftenleadstoasharpgrowthofcertainmicrobes.√细节理解题。由第二段中的“The

disturbance

to

the

microbiome

occurs

because

artificial

sweeteners,although

zero

calories

for

humans,serve

as

nutrients

for

some

microbes,which

then

increase

rapidly.”可知,甜味剂为某种微生物提供营养,使它数量猛增,影响菌群平衡。故选D项。ⅠⅡⅢ7.Whichaspectoftheexperimentistalkedaboutinparagraph3?A.Itsresults.

B.Itsprocess.C.Itsbackground. D.Itssubjects.√细节理解题。由第三段中的“In

the

study,scientists

first

chose...Then,they

identified...and

gave

them...After

that,to

test...”可知,本段主要说了实验的过程。故选B项。ⅠⅡⅢ8.WhatdoesDavidKatzadvisepeopletodo?A.Introduceataxonsugarydrinks.B.Bantheuseofartificialsweeteners.C.Raisethepricesofsugar-freedrinks.D.Findotherwaystolimitsugarintake.√细节理解题。由最后一段中的“That

does

not

mean

artificial

sweeteners

should

be

replaced

with

sugar.Rather,alternative

approaches

to

reducing

sugar

intake

should

be

considered.”可知,David建议人们不要再喝有人工甜味剂的饮料,也不建议喝含糖饮料,而是应该思考别的减少糖分摄入的方法。故选D项。ⅠⅡⅢCAnumberofrecentstudiesoffamiliesinseveralAsiancountrieshelptoshedlightonhowgrandparentsareinvolvedincoparenting,whichresearchersdefineasthesharingofchildcareandupbringingresponsibilityamongtwoormoreadults.Thesestudiessuggestthatchildrenbenefitwhenparentshavestrongrelationshipswithcoparentinggrandparents.ResearcherLiXiaoweiandhercoworkersrecentlyexploredparent-grandparentcoparentinginChina,whereitisverycommon.Intheir2019study,nearly180mothersofpreschoolerscompletedquestionnaires(问卷调查)abouttheircoparenting.Themajorityoffamilieslivedinthree-generationalhouseholds,and80%offamilieshadonlyonechild.ⅠⅡⅢThequestionnaireaskedaboutpositiveaspectsoftheparent-grandparentcoparentingrelationship,likehowmuchtheyagreedandfeltcloseaswellaschallengingaspectslikehowmuchtheyhadconflictinfrontofthechild.Theresearchersalsomeasuredhowcompetentmothersfeltinusingparentingstrategiesandteachingtheirchildrenage-appropriateskills.ⅠⅡⅢThefindings?Motherswhohadstrongcoparentingrelationshipswithgrandparentstendedtofeelmoreeffectiveintheirroleasaparent,and,inturn,theirchildrentendedtobemoresociallycompetent.That’sbecausegrandparents,withtheirrichexperience,canprovidesupport,rolemodeling,andencouragementwhentheyraisechildren,whichcouldinfluencehowcompetentmothersfeelintheirparentingrole.Andwhenmothersarefeelingmoreconfident,theycanapproachparentingwithmorepositivity,whichcanboosttheirchildren’ssocialdevelopment.ⅠⅡⅢParent-grandparentcoparentingalsoseemstoinfluenceotheraspectsofchildren’sdevelopment,suchaspreschoolers’effortfulcontrol—theirabilitytoregulatehowtheyrespondtoasituationandnoticenoveltyormistakes.Forpreschoolers,itmightcomeintoplaywhentheygetagifttheydon’tlike,orhavetofigureouthowtosharetoys.ⅠⅡⅢThisresearchongrandparentshighlightsthathandlingthecoparentingrelationshipisnotwithoutitschallenges.Butgrandparents’involvementinchildren’supbringingcanbringgreatbenefitsforfamiliesandgrandparentsthemselves.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于“孩子的祖父母与孩子的父母共同抚养孩子”的现象的调查。调查发现:当孩子的父母与祖父母关系密切时,这种共同抚养关系会使孩子受益。ⅠⅡⅢ9.Whatmightbeincludedinthequestionnaire?A.Grandparents’agegap.B.Thesupportgrandparentsgive.C.Theincomethefamilyhave.D.Grandparents’attitudetoeducation.√推理判断题。根据第三段的“The

questionnaire

asked

about

positive

aspects

of

the

parent-grandparent

coparenting

relationship,like

how

much

they

agreed

and

felt

close

as

well

as

challenging

aspects

like

how

much

they

had

conflict

in

front

of

the

child.”可知,问卷调查涉及共同抚养关系中积极的方面,由此推断祖父母给予的支持属于积极的方面。ⅠⅡⅢ10.Whatistheconclusionofthestudy?A.Parentsandgrandparentscangetalongwell.B.Mothers’abilityhasaneffectontheirchildren.C.Goodcoparentingrelationshipsbenefitchildren.D.Parent-grandparentcoparentingisbecomingpopular.√细节理解题。根据文章首段末句、第四段末句以及尾段末句可知,研究发现良好的共同抚养关系会让孩子受益。ⅠⅡⅢ11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph5probablyreferto?A.Effortfulcontrol.B.Theresponse.C.Thedevelopment.D.Themistake.√词义猜测题。根据第五段画线词前句和所在句子可知,父母和祖父母的共同养育会影响孩子的努力控制能力,因此当孩子收到不喜欢的礼物或需要弄清楚如何分享玩具时,这种控制力可能就会发挥作用。所以代词it代指前句中的“努力控制能力”。ⅠⅡⅢ12.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheTrendofCoparentingIsCatchingoninAsiaB.HowYoungParentsThinkofGrandparents’HelpC.CoparentingRelationshipsAreBecomingComfortableD.WhatHappensWhenGrandparentsHelpRaiseChildren√主旨大意题。文章在首段末句“These

studies

suggest

that

children

benefit

when

parents

have

strong

relationships

with

coparenting

grandparents.”提出调查结果:在孩子的祖父母与父母关系良好的情况下,共同抚养对孩子是有益的;然后详细介绍了这项调查,最后在文章末尾再次重申这个观点,由此推断D选项“What

Happens

When

Grandparents

Help

Raise

Children”可以作为最佳标题。ⅠⅡⅢⅡ.完形填空Growingup,Iwasfortunatetohavedinnerwithmyfamilyalmosteveryday.Sometimes,thefamilydinnercircle

1

toincluderelativesstoppingby.Yet,Iknewsomefriendswhoseparentsgothomeafterdinneroreven

2

theentireevening.SoI

3

thequalitytimearoundourkitchentable,whichwitnessedcountlessvaluable

4

inmylife.

5

,mykidscannotrelatetomychildhoodmemories.Theyhavebeenleftto

6

withbabysittersmoretimesthanIwouldliketoadmit.MyhusbandandIhave

7

careers.Andweoftenendupstayingattheofficewaypastdinnertime.Whenthishappenstoooften,it

8

thebalanceofourfamily.

ⅠⅡⅢApartfromsufferingfrom

9

,whatelsecanahardworkingfamilydo?Ithinkwecanalltryto

10

ourownwaystospendtimetogether.SurelytherearedayswhenI’mtoobusytoshareamealwithmyfamily.ButIwouldmakeeffortsto

11

andchatlaterthatday,

12

settingasidecellphoneseverytime.AndIevenfindabedtimereadingwithmykidsmuch

13

.Iamalsoproudtohaveour“bigbreakfast”routineeverySaturday.Myhusbandservesastheheadchef,andmyyoungerson

14

himtomakethebreakfast.Iamawarethatmysonsaregrowingupquicklyandwillbeoutofthe

15

someday.Butnow,Iamhappytohavesomanywonderfulthingsonmyplate.

ⅠⅡⅢ1.A.widened B.formedC.lessened D.closed2.A.missed B.avoidedC.enjoyed D.recorded3.A.wasted B.treasuredC.limited D.calculated4.A.shows B.dishesC.recipes D.moments5.A.However B.OtherwiseC.Therefore D.Besides6.A.sleep B.dineC.study D.play7.A.suitable B.flexibleC.satisfying D.demanding8.A.maintains B.disturbsC.improves D.strikes9.A.fear B.angerC.guilt D.hunger10.A.predict B.createC.evaluate D.acceptⅠⅡⅢ11.A.workout B.calmdownC.holdon D.catchup12.A.unwillingly B.casuallyC.consciously D.carelessly13.A.louder B.shorterC.simpler D.sweeter14.A.assists B.guidesC.allows D.orders15.A.office B.kitchenC.house D.parkⅠⅡⅢ【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章围绕“共享亲子时光”这一话题展开,体现亲情的可贵。1.A

根据下文“to

include

relatives

stopping

by”可知,家里的用餐规模会扩大,以容纳这些来访的亲戚。2.A

根据空前“parents

got

home

after

dinner

or

even...”可知,此处和上文形成转折关系,即父母会在晚饭时间之后回家,甚至是错过一整个晚上。3.B

设空处上文提到“I

knew

some

friends

whose

parents

got

home

after

dinner

or

even

the

entire

evening”,因此,作者十分珍惜餐桌旁的亲子时光。

4.D

根据空前的“quality

time”可知,餐桌旁见证了“我”人生中无数珍贵的瞬间。ⅠⅡⅢ5.A

结合空前“kitchen

table,which

witnessed

countless

valuable

in

my

life”与下文“They

have

been

left

to

with

babysitters”可知,作者小时候可以和父母共进晚餐,但是作者的孩子只能和保姆一起吃晚餐,因此形成转折关系。

6.B

全文围绕“一家人共进晚餐”这个话题展开,所以这里指“吃饭”。7.D

设空前的内容是作者和丈夫无法陪孩子共进晚餐,空后内容是他们经常晚餐时间后才结束工作,由此推知,作者和丈夫有着要求很高的工作。8.B

根据上文“And

we

often

end

up

staying

at

the

office

way

past

dinnertime.When

this

happens

too

often”可知,当父母总是无法陪孩子用餐时,就会打乱家中的平衡。ⅠⅡⅢ9.C

联系上文“They

have

been

left

to

with

babysitters

more

times

than

I

would

like

to

admit.”可知,“我”因不能与孩子共进晚餐而感到愧疚。

10.B

根据下文“chat”“bedtime

reading”和“‘big

breakfast’routine

every

Saturday”可知,作者是在创造自己的方式与孩子度过亲子时光。11.D

根据空前“there

are

days

when

I’m

too

busy

to

share

a

meal

with

my

family”可知,有时候“我”无法和家人一起用餐,所以“我”会努力弥补失去的亲子时光。12.C

根据空前“I

would

make

efforts

to

and

chat

later”可知,“我”会有意识地收起手机,避免外界的干扰。

ⅠⅡⅢ13.D

根据上文“when

I’m

too

busy

to

share

a

meal

with

my

family”可知,这让作者认为与孩子的睡前阅读时光更加甜蜜。14.A

根据空前内容“My

husband

serves

as

the

head

chef”可知,作者的丈夫作为主厨,儿子辅助父亲完成早餐。15.C

根据空前“I

am

aware

that

my

sons

are

growing

up

quickly”和下文“I

am

happy

to

have

so

many

wonderful

things

on

my

plate.”可知,此处指儿子们会离开家。ⅠⅡⅢⅢ.读后续写阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。Afterbeingbusyforhalfayear,myparentsdecidedtodrivemetoascenicspotoutsidethecitytohavefun.Joyfully,weplannedourdrivingroute.Then,onaDecemberSaturdaymorning,mydadstartedhiscarandwesetoffwithgreatexpectations.Beforelong,weleftthenoisycityandcametothemountains.Therewerefewvehiclesontheroadandthetreesalongsidewerepretty.Wefeltsoexcited!ⅠⅡⅢAsafewhourspassed,wedroveontoanarrowroad.Andminuteslater,wefoundarivernotfarawayfromtheroad.Thebeachwasverywide,andwewantedtohavearestthereforawhile.Somydadturnedourcaranddrovetowardsit.Soon,weweredrivingonthesandybeach.Momentslater,ourcarwheelswerestrugglingintheincreasinglysoftsand.Butmydadwantedtogetclosertotheriver.ⅠⅡⅢBeforeheregrettedit,ourcarhadgotstuckinthesand.Mydadtriedtoturnaroundormoveback,butthecardidn’tmove.Wewereworried,trappedinthemiddleofnowhere.Evenworse,itbeganrainingandwascold.Wegotoutofthecarandtriedtopushit,butfailed.Afteracoupleofminutes,weweretiredandourhairandcoatswerealittlewet.Butthecaronlysankfurtherintothesand.Anxiously,wewalkedtotheroad,eagertostopavehicleandletithelppullourcaroutofthesand.Ourcoatsandhairwerewetterandwetter.Beforethejourney,wehadn’tpreparedumbrellasorcarriedanyfood.Now,wewerehungryandcold,standingintherain.Afterwaitingforalongtime,therewasn’tonevehiclepassing.ⅠⅡⅢJustwhenwewerehelpless,wesawafarmhousenotfaraway.“Cantheyhelpus?”Iasked.