适用于新高考新教材备战2025届高考英语一轮总复习Unit4Meetingthemuse外研版选择性必修第一册

Unit4MeetingthemuseⅠ.阅读理解AEugeneNewmanParker,aleadingfigureinheliospheric(日球层的)physicsforthepasthalfcentury,passedawaypeacefullyathishomeinChicagoonMar.15.Hewas94.Hailed(誉为)asavisionaryinthefieldofheliophysics,ParkerrevolutionizedourunderstandingofthesunanditseffectsonEarthandotherbodieswithinthesolarsystem.NASAevenstatedthatthefieldofheliophysicsexistsinlargepartbecauseofDr.EugeneParker.In2018,Parkerbecamethefirstlivingscientisttowitnessthelaunchofaspacecraftthatwasnamedinhishonor.Parkerisbestknownforhisgroundbreakingtheoryontheexistenceofaphenomenoncalled“solarwind”,acontinuousstreamofchargedparticlesthatflowoffthesun.Itcanbecomeviolent,causingspaceweatherthatimpactsEarth.WhenParker’sresearchwaspublishedin1958,histheorywasinitiallymetwithskepticism(怀疑)andridiculebythescientificcommunity.Thegeneralviewatthetimewasthatthespacebetweenplanetswasanabsolutevacuum(真空),andwasthuscompletelyemptyofanymatter.But,therewerenoerrorsinhisstudyorhiscalculations,andthetheorywaslaterproventobecorrectin1962,whenaNASAspacecraftmissiontoVenusrevealedtheconstantpresenceofasupersonicwind—exactlyasParkerhadpredicted.ThatexperiencelikelyledtotheadviceParkeroftengaveyoungresearchers:“Ifyoudosomethingneworinnovative,expecttrouble.Butthinkcriticallyaboutitbecauseifyou’rewrong,youwanttobethefirstonetoknowthat.”Parkerneverco-authoredapaperwithhisstudents,thusurgingthemtobeindependent.Parkerwashumble,straightforward,andwise.HissonEricsaid,“MysisterJoyceandIdidn’tgetarealfeelforwhata‘bigdog’ourdadwasinthefield.”TheygotanevenbettersensewhenamonthafterParker’sdeath,theytraveledtoLund,Sweden,toacceptonhisbehalftheCrafoordPrizeinAstronomy.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?A.AspacecraftwasnamedinmemoryofParker.B.ThesunhasfewereffectsonEarththanexpected.C.Parkerdeservedcreditforhisgreatcontributions.D.NASAprovidednewinsightsintothelunareffect.2.WhydidpeopleviewParker’stheoryof“solarwind”skepticallyatfirst?A.Itwentagainstthepopularopinionatthattime.B.Somemistakeswerefoundinhiscalculations.C.ThepresenceofasupersonicwindwasprovenbyNASA.D.Matterwasbelievedtoexistinthespacebetweenplanets.3.WhatdidParkersuggestyoungresearchersdo?A.Seekclosecooperation.B.Avoidhighexpectations.C.Learnbytrialanderror.D.Competeagainstothers.4.WhatwordscanbeusedtodescribeParkeraccordingtothepassage?A.Straightforwardandgenerous.B.Responsibleandaccessible.C.Intelligentyetconservative.D.Distinguishedyetmodest.BTechnologyisstartingtogiveussuperpowersoncereservedonlyforcomicbookheroeslikeSpider-ManandSuperman.Wenowliveinanageofhumanenhancementandrelatedtechnologyhascapturedtheattentionofthemediaandinvestors.Someofthesenewtechnologiesachievetheireffectsbymeansofelectronicdevicesthatconnectourbrainstoexternalsourcesofknowledge,sensorydataorphysicalpower.Wemaynotgetchipsimplantedinourbrainsanytimesoon,butthinkaboutGoogleGlass—whoneedsaninsertedchipwhenyoucanwearacomputeronyourhead?Wearabletechnologydoesn’tonlycomeintheformofapairofglasses.AJapaneselaboratoryisworkingonamorepracticalprototype(雏形)ofamusclesuitthanIronMan’sshinyarmor(盔甲).Themusclesuit,calledanexoskeleton,enablesthesickandelderlytomovearoundmoreeasily,NewScientistmagazinereported.Coveting(觊觎)thepowersofSpider-Man,theUSmilitaryisworkingona“Spider-Mansuit”thatnotonlyletswearersclimbverticalwalls,butalsoallowsthemtosenseapproachingobjectswithoutlookingatorhearingthem,accordingtoanAmericanmilitarytechnologywebsite.Butperhapsyoufavormoresubtlepowerslikemindcontrolormindreading.Thismayonedaycometrueaswell.Themostamazinghumanenhancementtechnologiesthathavecomeintorealityaredevicesthatinteractdirectlywiththehumanbrain.QSensor,createdbyscientistsatMIT,isawirelesssensorthatmeasureselectricityconductedthroughtheskin.Itcandetectwhetherpeoplearebored,stressedorexcited,andthereforehaswideapplicationsinresearchandtherapy,theBBCreported.Scientistsenvisionneuralimplantsthatcouldallowhumanstomanipulatereal-worldobjectswiththeirmind—apowernotunlikemindcontrol.Slatemagazinereportedthismightalreadybehappening.5.Whatcanbelearnedfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Newtechnologieshavebroughtusintoanewera.B.Superpowersofcomicbookheroeshavebeenwidelyappliednowadays.C.Humanenhancementreferstothesuperpowersofthecomicbookheroes.D.Spider-ManandSupermanhavecapturedtheattentionofthemediaandinvestors.6.WhatcanweknowaboutGoogleGlass?A.Itisimplantedinourbrains.B.Itisatechnologywithinsertedchips.C.Itisadevicewhichmakesussuperheroes.D.Itisatechnologythatenhanceshumanpower.7.WhichofthefollowingitemsdoesNOTinvolvewearabletechnology?A.GoogleGlass. B.Themusclesuit.C.IronMan’sarmor. D.TheSpider-Mansuit.8.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ExploresuperpowersforhumanenhancementB.GobeyondIronMan’sshinyarmorC.MeetsuperheroesinreallifeD.EmbracetheunknownworldⅡ.完形填空Wearingacavemanmask,Dr.Marzluffwalksacrossthecampattheuniversity.Crowscircleandscream.Theydiveathimandthensuddenlyflyaway.Beneaththemask,hesmiles.Daysbefore,heandhisstudentshad1cavemenmasks,caughtcrowsand2plasticbandsontotheirlegs.Thentheyreleasedthe3birds.

“Wealwaysknewcrows4us,butcouldweshowit?”saysDr.Marzluff,aprofessorknownaffectionatelyastheCrowman.

Whentheresearcherswalkedaroundcampuswithoutmasks,thecrowstheyhadcaughtandbandeddidn’t5tothem.Butwhenthe6humanswalkedbywhilewearingthemasks,thecrowsscoldedloudlyanddivedattheir“7”.Thebirdshadrememberedtheir8!

“Crowsareconstantly9us,”Dr.Marzluffsays.“Theylook,theythink,andtheyeyeballyou,10thesituation.”

Atfirst,onlythebandedbirdsreacted11tothepeopleinmasks.Butinlatertests,anincreasingnumberofcrowsbeganscoldingthem,evenwhenthebandedbirdswerenotaround.Thebirdshad12fromoneanother.Dr.Marzluffandhisteamfollowedbandedcrowsforayearand13thatadultsevenpassthisinformationtotheir14.

Dr.Marzluff’sexperimentsledhimtostudyhowcrows’15work.

1.A.pickedout B.putonC.searchedfor D.takenoff2.A.dropped B.steppedC.pressed D.tied3.A.unhappy B.beautiful C.black D.rare4.A.hate B.attackC.recognize D.contact5.A.wave B.react C.reply D.turn6.A.friendly B.unkind C.different D.same7.A.enemies B.professorsC.owners D.followers8.A.clothes B.faces C.organs D.figures9.A.expecting B.admiringC.watching D.tolerating10.A.estimating B.changingC.restoring D.worsening11.A.rigidly B.automaticallyC.abnormally D.threateningly12.A.resulted B.heard C.learned D.benefited13.A.promised B.identifiedC.denied D.clarified14.A.young B.neighbor C.partners D.opponents15.A.wings B.noses C.legs D.brainsⅢ.读后续写阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。Myteenagedaughter,Jane,alwayscomplainedabouthavingtobehomeearlierthanallherfriends.Shewouldtellmethatshewasalreadyseventeen.Shebelievedthatshewasalreadyanadult,yetstillhadacurfew(宵禁).“Butyouarestillinhighschool,”Isaidonedaywhenshewascomplainingagain.“Youwillnevertrustme!”sheyelled.BeforeIcouldcontinue,sherolledhereyes,enteredherbedroomandshutthedoor.“HowcouldImakeJaneseethatIonlywanttokeephersafe?”Isighed.Idecidedtogoforawalk,hopingthecoldairwouldclearupmymind.Iopenedthefrontdoorandnearlysteppedonoursmallblackcat,whichseemedlikeameatball.“Hi,Meatball,”Isaid,takingitintomyarmsandtouchingitgently.Meatballsneezedinmyarms.Realizingitwastoocoldoutside,Iwentinside.Meatballseemedhappyenoughtostayinthewarmhouse.Butafteranhourortwo,itwenttothedoorandwantedtogooutsideagain.“Whywon’titjuststayinwithusallthetime?”Nathan,myyoungestdaughterasked.Iexplainedtoherthatitwashappytobeherebutitlikedbeingabletocomeandgoasitpleased.“Thatmustbenice,”Jane,whohappenedtocomeoutforacupoftea,cutin,“Whythecat,notI,couldcomeandgo?WhynotgiveMeatballacurfew,too?”Iturnedadeafeartohercomplaint.Laterinthenight,temperaturesdroppedunusuallylow.Meatballstoodatthedoor,meowingtogooutside,again.Ishookmyheadatit,beingafraidthatitmightfreezetodeath.Itlookedatmeandkeptmeowing.“Iknowyou’renothappy,butit’sforyourowngood,”Isaid,pattingitshead.“Mom’snotbeingmeantoyou,”Janetoldthecat.“She’sjusttryingtokeepyoufromturningintoafrozenmeatball,”saidJane,lookingatmemeaningfully.Wealllaughedatthejoke.Thenextmorning,Icouldn’tfindMeatball.Iaskedthekidsifanyonehadseenher.注意:1.续写词数应为150个左右;2.请按如下格式作答。“Iletitoutlastnight,”Janesaidcalmly.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________AsIdrovetotheanimalhospital,JaneheldMeatballinsidehercoat.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Unit4MeetingthemuseⅠ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了太阳物理学的领军人物尤金·纽曼·帕克的贡献以及他对年轻人的影响。1.C推理判断题。根据第二段中“ParkerrevolutionizedourunderstandingofthesunanditseffectsonEarthandotherbodieswithinthesolarsystem.”以及“NASAevenstatedthatthefieldofheliophysicsexistsinlargepartbecauseofDr.EugeneParker.”可知,帕克对整个太阳物理学领域做出了极大的贡献,他是值得赞扬的。2.A细节理解题。根据第三段中“WhenParker’sresearchwaspublishedin1958,histheorywasinitiallymetwithskepticismandridiculebythescientificcommunity.”以及“Thegeneralviewatthetimewasthatthespacebetweenplanetswasanabsolutevacuum,andwasthuscompletelyemptyofanymatter.”可知,人们起初对帕克的“太阳风”理论持怀疑态度,因为它违背了当时的流行观点。3.C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“ThatexperiencelikelyledtotheadviceParkeroftengaveyoungresearchers:‘Ifyoudosomethingneworinnovative,expecttrouble.Butthinkcriticallyaboutitbecauseifyou’rewrong,youwanttobethefirstonetoknowthat.’”可知,帕克给年轻人的建议是从错误和尝试中学习。4.D推理判断题。根据第二段中“Hailedasavisionaryinthefieldofheliophysics,ParkerrevolutionizedourunderstandingofthesunanditseffectsonEarthandotherbodieswithinthesolarsystem.”以及最后一段中“Parkerwashumble,straightforward,andwise.”可知,帕克是杰出但谦逊的。【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科技开始赋予我们曾经只有蜘蛛侠和超人等漫画英雄才能拥有的超能力。5.A细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容可知,最新的技术已经将我们带进了一个全新的时代。6.D推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“TechnologyisstartingtogiveussuperpowersoncereservedonlyforcomicbookheroeslikeSpider-ManandSuperman.”可知,科技开始赋予我们曾经只有蜘蛛侠和超人等漫画英雄才能拥有的超能力。再根据第二段内容可推断出,谷歌眼镜就属于增强人类能力的技术。7.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Wemaynotgetchipsimplantedinourbrainsanytimesoon,butthinkaboutGoogleGlass—whoneedsaninsertedchipwhenyoucanwearacomputeronyourhead?”可知A项“GoogleGlass”涉及可穿戴技术;再根据第三段可知B项“Themusclesuit”以及D项“TheSpider-Mansuit”涉及可穿戴技术。因此不涉及可穿戴技术的是C项。故选C项。8.A主旨大意题。根据文章第一段和最后一段以及全文内容可知,文章主要讲述了科学家们利用技术探索增强人类能力的超能力。故选A项。Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Marzluff博士和他的团队研究了乌鸦的大脑是如何工作的。他们将乌鸦的腿绑上塑料带子,然后放了乌鸦,同时对捆绑的乌鸦进行跟踪,发现乌鸦能认出他们的脸,同时发现成年乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼鸟。1.B由上文“Wearingacavemanmask”可知,此处指戴上面具。2.D由下文“thecrowstheyhadcaughtandbanded”可知,在乌鸦的腿上绑上了塑料带子。3.A由上文“caughtcrows”可知,乌鸦被捕所以不开心。4.C由下文“thecrowsscoldedloudly”和实验内容可知,研究人员戴上面具在乌鸦腿上绑上塑料带子,然后将它们放了,之后戴上面具后,发现乌鸦攻击他们,这说明乌鸦能认出他们。5.B由下文“tothem”可知,此处指乌鸦没有任何反应。reactto固定搭配,意为“对……作出反应”。6.D由下文“humanswalkedbywhilewearingthemasks”和常识可知,为了保证实验的可信性,应是同一批人戴着面具走过。7.A由上文“thecrowsscoldedloudlyanddivedattheir”和上文提到的研究者捆绑乌鸦可知,乌鸦把他们当成敌人,在认出他们之后去攻击他们。8.B由下文“Theylook,theythin