中考英语人教版语法专项复习 专题十二 简单句和复合句

中考英语人教版专项复习专题十二简单句和复合句目录01.解析02.模拟考题01解析图解语法考点1

简单句简单句的基本句型1.主语+系动词+表语①These

books

are

interesting.

主语

系动词

表语②He

became

a

teacher.

主语

系动词

表语2.主语+谓语（不及物动词）（+状语）His

first

book

came

out

in

2021.

主语

谓语

状语3.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语（+状语）My

sister

bought

a

very

good

book

yesterday.

主语

谓语

宾语

状语4.主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语My

aunt

sent

me

chocolates.

主语

谓语

间接宾语

直接宾语5.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语Running

makes

me

strong.

主语

谓语

宾语

宾语补足语6.存现句［2015.43］There

are

many

books

in

his

schoolbag.There

be

主语

状语●存现句的结构<ib>There

be</ib>+<ib>主语</ib>+<ib>其他成分</ib>●存现句的变化<ib>肯定句式</ib>There

is

a

cat

in

the

room.There

be

主语

状语<ib>否定句式</ib>There

is

.

.not

a

bank

nearby.There

be

not

主语

状语<ib>疑问句式</ib>Are

there

any

books

in

the

box?

Be

there

主语

状语●存现句的时态一般现在时：There

is/are+主语（+其他）一般过去时：There

was/were+主语（+其他）一般将来时：There

is/are

going

to

be/will

be+主语（+其他）●存现句中的主谓一致

There

be句型中be动词的形式要与离它最近的主语保持一致，即遵循"就近原则"。如：There

is

a

tree

and

some

flowers

in

the

garden.考点2

复合句并列复合句

并列复合句是指由并列连词and,

but,

or等把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。常见的并列连词的用法讲解见专题六

连词→考点1

并列连词。主从复合句

初中阶段学习的主从复合句主要包括宾语从句、状语从句和关系从句。1.宾语从句

安徽近10年中考真题在单项填空和完形填空中涉及对宾语从句连接词的考查,具体考查情况为：how［2020.29;

2017.41］,

when［2016.38;

2014.38］,

why［2018.39］，whether［2021.28］。（1）连接词连接词用法示例that本身无意义，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，可省略I

hear

（that）

he

has

passed

the

exam.

我听说他通过了考试。连接代词：what,

whom,

which,

whose,

who等在从句中作一定成分，如：主语、宾语、定语等Do

you

know

who

broke

the

window?

你知道是谁打碎了窗户吗？连接词用法示例连接副词：when,

where,

why,

how等在从句中作状语Do

you

know

why

he

comes？你知道他为何会来吗？if/whether意为"是否"，不可省略I

want

to

know

if/whether

they

will

join

us.

我想知道他们是否会加入我们。续表（2）语序

不管整个句子是表示肯定还是表示疑问，宾语从句都采用陈述语序。如：①

I

know

when

I

can

get

the

result

of

the

test.

我知道我什么时候能得知测验结果。②Can

you

tell

me

where

I

can

get

my

car

repaired?

你能告诉我到哪里修车吗？（3）时态①<ib>主句：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时</ib>→<ib>宾语从句：根据实际情况而定</ib>I

don't

know

when

he

left

last

night.

我不知道昨晚他何时离开的。②<ib>主句：一般过去时、过去进行时</ib>→<ib>宾语从句：与过去相关的某种时态</ib>I

didn't

know

who

she

was.

我不知道她是谁。③<ib>主句：任意时态</ib>→<ib>宾语从句（说明客观事实或真理）:一般现在时</ib>My

teacher

said

that

the

moon

moves

round

the

Earth.我的老师说过月亮围着地球转。2.状语从句

状语从句由从属连词引导，按其用途主要分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句和结果状语从句等。状语从句是安徽中考的必考点，主要在单项填空和完形填空中进行考查。常考的词有：though,

unless,

if,

since,

because,

until,

while,

as,

before等。（1）状语从句的分类和用法（讲解见专题六

连词

→考点2

从属连词）（2）主句和从句的时态①主将从现（时间、条件状语从句中）:<ib>主句：一般将来时</ib>→<ib>从句：一般现在时表将来</ib>If

it

doesn't

rain

tomorrow,

we

will

visit

the

Great

Wall.

如果明天不下雨，我们将去游览长城。②主现从现：<ib>主句：祈使句或主句中有情态动词</ib>→<ib>从句：一般现在时表将来</ib>You

can

get

good

grades

if

you

study

hard.

你如果努力学习，就能取得好成绩。③过去时态：<ib>主句：一般过去时/过去进行时</ib>→<ib>从句：一般过去时/过去进行时</ib>Someone

knocked

at

the

door

when

we

were

having

supper.

当我们正在吃晚饭的时候，有人敲门。3.关系从句关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中的成分先行词that,

which作主语、宾语或表语指物that,

who作主语、宾语指人The

horse

that

I

rode

was

lazy.

我骑的那匹马很懒。The

photo

which

we

liked

best

was

taken

by

Lily.

我们最喜欢的照片是由莉莉拍摄的。关系代词的特殊用法（1）关系代词只能用that，不能用which的情况①当先行词为all，anything,

something,

everything,

nothing,

few等不定代词时。如：There

is

nothing

that

can

stop

him

from

doing

it.

没有任何东西能够阻止他做这件事。②当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：This

is

the

most

expensive

gift

（that）

I

have

ever

got.

这是我收到的最贵的礼物。③当先行词被the

very,

the

only,

the

same等修饰时。如：This

is

the

very

book

（that）

you

want.这正是你想要的那本书。④当先行词中既有人又有物时。如：They

are

talking

of

the

designers

and

their

works

that

interest

them.

他们正在谈论他们感兴趣的设计师及其作品。（2）关系代词只能用which,不能用that的情况①引导非限制性关系从句时。如：His

best

movie,

which

won

several

prizes,

was

about

the

life

of

a

poor

woman.他最优秀的电影，就是荣获几项大奖的那一部，是关于一个贫穷女人的生平的。②关系词前有介词时。如：This

is

the

city

in

which

I

once

lived.

这就是我曾居住过的城市。（3）关系代词的省略

不管关系从句修饰的是人还是物，如果关系词在从句中作宾语，通常可以省略。但当关系词which、whom在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词置于关系代词前时，不可省略。如：I

remember

the

day

on

which

I

saw

you

for

the

first

time.

我记得我第一次见你的那一天。语境小测1.[2016安徽中考]

—Look

at

the

stone

bridge!

Do

you

know___it

was

built?—In

the

1860s.

It

is

quite

old.AA.when

B.how

C.where

D.why2.[2014安徽中考]

Rick

has

learned

a

lot

about

Chinese

culture

___

he

came

to

China.DA.before

B.when

C.until

D.since3.It

can

be

difficult

to

fly

a

kite

___

there's

a

wind.AA.unless

B.when

C.because

D.though4.—Do

you

know

___some

animals

sleep

for

the

whole

winter?—One

of

the

reasons

is

that

they

can't

find

enough

food.BA.how

B.why

C.where

D.when5.___

we

work

hard，

we'll

make

our

life

full

of

happiness．AA.If

B.Unless

C.Though

D.Before6.Hurry

up,

___

we

will

miss

the

last

subway.CA.but

B.and

C.or

D.so语篇提升

阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。which

that

be

or

when

Do

you

believe

a

rose

plant

says

"I

want

some

water"

1.____

that

a

tree

shouts

"My

arms

hurt"?

Maybe

you

will

say

2._____

this

could

only

happen

in

some

children's

stories.orthat

In

fact,

plants

are

not

always

silent.

A

recent

study

has

found

plants

shout

3.______

they

are

in

need

of

water.

Even

in

a

quiet

field,

there

are

actually

some

sounds

4._______

carry

information.

However,

the

pitch

（音高）

is

too

high

for

people

to

hear.

"There

5.___

a

possibility

that

a

lot

of

communication

is

happening,"

Professor

Hadany

said.whenwhichis02模拟考题单项填空1.—There

___

a

basketball

game

against

Class

Two

this

Sunday.—I

see.

I

will

come

and

cheer

you

on.AA.is

going

to

be

B.will

have

C.is

going

to

have

D.was

going

to

be2.[2023宿迁中考]

—There

___

a

lot

of

new

magazines

in

our

school

reading

room.—Oh,

really?

Shall

we

go

there

this

afternoon?CA.is

B.was

C.are

D.were3.—The

number

of

words

you

remember

depends

on

___

you

review

them.—I

agree

with

you,

and

I

go

over

words

every

few

days.CA.how

soon

B.how

long

C.how

often

D.how

far4.—I

am

wondering

___

you'd

like

to

come

to

my

party

tomorrow.—I'm

afraid

I

can't

because

I'm

not

feeling

well

these

days.DA.how

B.when

C.why

D.whether5.—Could

you

tell

me

___

you

will

go

to

the

hospital?—Sure.

My

grandpa

is

ill,

and

I

want

to

look

after

him.CA.how

B.when

C.why

D.whether6.—Could

you

please

tell

me

___the

ancient

Silk

Road

started？—In

the

Han

Dynasty.BA.where

B.when

C.how

D.why7.[2023合肥包河区三模]

—Do

you

think

we

can

get

to

the

airport

on

time?—Yes,

___

the

car

doesn't

break

down.CA.though

B.unless

C.if

D.until8.I

will

never

forget

the

people

___

have

helped

me

and

encouraged

me

during

the

past

three

years.BA.which

B.who

C.whose

D.whom语篇填空

请根据短文内容，从方框中选择适当的词填空。每词限用一次。what

where

and

that

but

Laozi

is

a

great

man

in

China.

He

tells

us

1.