不同生长期威氏海链藻主要脂类成分分析

不同生长期威氏海链藻主要脂类成分分析Title:ComparativeAnalysisofLipidCompositioninDifferentGrowthPhasesofAmphidiniumcarteraeAbstract:Amphidiniumcarterae,aspeciesofmarinedinoflagellate,commonlyknownasWard'sSeaChainAlgae,producesawidevarietyoflipidsthatareofgreatinterestduetotheirpotentialapplicationsinvariousindustries,includingpharmaceuticals,biofuelproduction,andfoodadditives.Inthisstudy,weaimedtoanalyzethechangesinthelipidcompositionofA.carteraeduringdifferentgrowthphases.Theinvestigationinvolvedtheidentificationandquantificationofmajorlipidclasses,includingtriglycerides(TAGs),glycolipids(GLs),phospholipids(PLs),andsterols.TheresultsprovidevaluableinsightsintothelipidmetabolicpathwaysandcouldhelpoptimizetheexploitationofA.carteraeforlipid-basedapplications.Introduction:Microalgaeareconsideredapromisingsustainablefeedstockfortheproductionofvaluablelipidsduetotheirhighgrowthrates,minimallandrequirements,andabilitytosynthesizeadiversearrayoflipids.Amphidiniumcarterae,aspeciesofmarinedinoflagellate,hasemergedasanattractivemicroalgalcandidateowingtoitsabilitytoproduceavarietyoflipidswithdiversechemicalstructuresandbioactivities.UnderstandingthechangesinthecompositionoftheselipidclassesduringdifferentgrowthphasesofA.carteraeisessentialforoptimizingtheirextractionandfurtherapplications.Methods:AcultureofA.carteraewasmaintainedinseawatermediumfollowingstandardprotocols.Samplesweretakenatdifferentgrowthphases,includingtheexponentialphase,stationaryphase,anddeclinephase.Lipidextractionwasperformedusingamixtureofchloroformandmethanol,accountingforthedifferentsolubilitiesoflipidclasses.Theextractedlipidswerethenseparatedusingvarioustechniques,suchasthin-layerchromatography(TLC)andhigh-performanceliquidchromatography(HPLC).Theidentityandabundanceofindividuallipidsweredeterminedusinggaschromatography-massspectrometry(GC-MS)andliquidchromatography-massspectrometry(LC-MS)techniques,respectively.ResultsandDiscussion:TheanalysisrevealedsignificantalterationsinthelipidcompositionofA.carteraeduringdifferentgrowthphases.Triglycerides(TAGs)werethepredominantlipidclass,showingasubstantialincreaseintheexponentialphasecomparedtotheothergrowthphases.ThisfindingsuggeststhatTAGbiosynthesisismoreactiveduringtherapidgrowthstage.TAGsareknownfortheirhighenergystoragecapacity,indicatingthepotentialuseofA.carteraefordevelopingbiofuelapplications.Glycolipids(GLs),includingmonogalactosyldiacylglycerol(MGDG)anddigalactosyldiacylglycerol(DGDG),werefoundtobepresentinrelativelyhighproportionsthroughoutallgrowthphases.GLsareessentialcomponentsofchloroplastmembranesandareinvolvedinphotosynthesisandcellularsignaling.TheconsistentpresenceofGLshighlightstheimportanceofA.carteraeasabioresourceforfunctionalfoodadditivesandnutraceuticals.Phospholipids(PLs),suchasphosphatidylcholine(PC),phosphatidylethanolamine(PE),andphosphatidylglycerol(PG),showeddistincttemporalvariations.PCandPElevelswerehigherduringtheexponentialphase,whilePGlevelsincreasedsignificantlyduringthestationaryphase.PLsplaycrucialrolesinmaintainingcellmembraneintegrityandareessentialforvariousbiologicalfunctions.ThedynamicchangesinPLprofilessuggesttheinvolvementofdifferentmetabolicpathwaysandcellularfunctionsduringdifferentgrowthstages.Sterols,includingcholesterolandphytosterols,werealsodetectedinA.carterae,indicatingtheirpotentialforuseinpharmaceuticalapplications.Sterolsarevitalcomponentsofcellmembranesandareinvolvedincellsignalingandhormonesynthesis.Thevariationinsterolcontentsuggeststhedifferentialregulationofsterolbiosyntheticpathwaysduringdifferentgrowthphases.Conclusion:ThisstudyprovidesacomprehensiveanalysisofthelipidcompositionindifferentgrowthphasesofA.carterae.Theresultsindicatesignificantchangesintheproportionsoftriglycerides,glycolipids,phospholipids,andsterolsduringdifferentgrowthstages.Theidentificationandquantificationoftheselipidclassesoffervaluableinsightsintothelipidmetabolicpathwaysandmayguidefutureoptimizationofcultivationandextractiontechniquesforspecifi