医学生理学英语习题全浙大

CHAPTER1INTRODUCTIONMCQ(Pleaseselectthesinglebestanswer)A1型题×1.1.CellmembranesA.containrelativelyfewproteinmoleculesB.areimpermeabletofat-solublesubstancesC.insometissuespermitthetransportofglucoseatagreaterrateinthepresenceofinsulinD.arefreelypermeabletoelectrolytesbutnottoproteinsE.haveastablecompositionthroughoutthelifeofthecell[答案]C×2.TheprimaryforcemovingwatermoleculesfromthebloodplasmatotheinterstitialfluidisA.activetransportB.cotransportwithH+C.facilitateddiffusionD.cotransportwithNa+E.filtration[答案]E×3.SecondmessengersA.aresubstancesthatinteractwithfirstmessengersoutsidecellsB.aresubstancesthatbindtofirstmessengersinthecellmembraneC.arehormonessecretedbycellsinresponsetostimulationbyanotherhormoneD.mediatetheintracellularresponsestomanydifferenthormonesandneurotransmittersE.arenotformedinthebrain[答案]D×4.TherestingmembranepotentialofacellA.fallstozeroimmediatelywhenNa+-K+ATPaseinthemembraneisinhibitedB.isusuallyequaltotheequilibriumpotentialforCl-C.isusuallyequaltotheequilibriumpotentialforK+D.isusuallyequaltotheequilibriumpotentialforNa+E.ismarkedlyalterediftheextracellularNa+concentrationisincreased[答案]B×5.ProteinsthataresecretedbycellsareA.notsynthesizedonmembraneboundribosomesB.initiallysynthesizedwithasignalpeptideorleadersequenceattheirCterminalC.foundinvesiclesandsecretorygranulesD.movedacrossthecellmembranesbyendocytosisE.secretedinaformthatislargerthantheformpresentintheendoplasmicreticulum[答案]C×6.OsmosisisA.movementofsolventacrossasemipermeablemembranefromanareawherethehydrostaticpressureishightoanareawherethehydrostaticpressureislowB.movementofsoluteacrossasemipermeablemembranefromanareainwhichitisinlowconcentrationtoanareainwhichitisinhighconcentrationC.movementofasoluteacrossasemipermeablemembranefromanareainwhichitisinhighconcentrationtoanareainwhichitisinlowconcentrationD.movementofsolventacrossasemipermeablemembranefromanareainwhichitisinlowconcentrationtoanareainwhichitisinhighconcentrationE.movementofsolventacrossasemipermeablemembranefromanareainwhichitisinhighconcentrationtoanareainwhichitisinlowconcentration[答案]E×7.Deuteriumoxideandinsulinareinjectedintoanormal30-year-oldman.Thevolumeofdistributionofdeuteriumoxideisfoundtobe42Landthatofinsulin14L.A.Theman’sintracellularfluidvolumeisabout14LB.Theman’sintracellularfluidvolumeisabout28LC.Theman’splasmavolumeisabout7LD.Theman’sinterstitialfluidvolumeisabout9LE.Theman’stotalbodywatercannotbedeterminedfromthesedata[答案]B×8.Whichofthefollowingdiseasesisduetoamutationinthemitochondrialgenome?A.CysticfibrosisB.Leber’shereditaryopticneuropathyC.NephrogenicdiabetesinsipidusD.FamilialmaleprecociouspubertyE.Hirschsprung’sdisease[答案]B×9.Whichofthefollowingreceptorsdoesnotspanthecellmembrane7times?A.β-AdrenergicreceptorB.RhodopsinC.5-HTICreceptorD.MineralocorticoidreceptorE.LHreceptor[答案]D×10.Whichofthefollowingactsdirectlyonthenucleustoproducephysiologiceffects?A.IL-1βB.GrowthhormoneC.CortisolD.DopamineE.Estradiol[答案]ECHAPTER2CELLULARPHYSIOLOGYMCO(Pleaseselectthesinglebestanswer)A1型题×1.TheactionpotentialofaneuronA.isinitiatedbyeffluxofNa+B.isterminatedbyeffluxofK+C.declinesinamplitudeasitmovesalongtheaxonD.resultsinatransientreversaloftheconcentrationgradientofNa+acrossthecellmembraneE.isnotassociatedwithanynetmovementofNa+orK+acrossthecellmembrane[答案]B×2.Whichofthefollowinghastheslowestconductionvelocity?A.AαfibersB.AβfibersC.AγfibersD.BfibersE.Cfibers[答案]E×3.Amanfallsintoadeepsleepwithonearmunderhishead.Thisarmisparalyzedwhenheawakens,butittingles,andpainsensationinitisstillintact.Thereasonforthelossofmotorfunctionwithoutlossofpainisthatinthenervestohisarm,A.AfibersaremoresusceptibletohypoxiathanBfibersB.AfibersaremoresensitivetopressurethanCfibersC.CfibersaremoresensitivetopressurethanAfibersD.sensorynervesarenearerthebonethanmotornervesandhencearelessaffectedbycoolingE.sensorynervesarenearerthebonethanmotornervesandhencearelessaffectedbypressure[答案]B×4.WhichpartofaneuronhasthehighestconcentrationofNa+channelspersquaremillimeterofcellmembrane?A.DendritesB.CellbodyneardendritesC.InitialsegmentD.AxonalmembraneundermyelinE.Noneoftheabove[答案]C×5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutnervegrowthfactorisnottrue?A.ItismadeupofthreepolypeptidesubunitsB.ItisfoundinhighconcentrationinthesubmandibularsalivaryglandsoffemalemiceC.ItisnecessaryforthegrowthanddevelopmentofthesympatheticnervoussystemD.ItispickedupbynervesfromtheorganstheyinnervateE.Itispresentinthebrain[答案]B×6.TheactionpotentialofskeletalmuscleA.hasaprolongedplateauphaseB.spreadsinwardtoallpartsofthemuscleviatheTtubulesC.causestheimmediateuptakeofCa2+intothelateralsacsofthesarcoplasmicreticulumD.islongerthantheactionpotentialofcardiacmuscleE.isnotessentialforcontraction[答案]B×7.ThefunctionsoftropomyosininskeletalmuscleincludeA.slidingonactintoproduceshorteningB.releasingCa2+afterinitiationofcontractionC.bindingtomyosinduringcontractionD.actingasa"relaxingprotein"atrestbycoveringupthesitewheremyosinbindstoactinE.generatingATP,whichitpassestothecontractilemechanism[答案]D×8.Thecross-bridgesofthesarcomereinskeletalmusclearemadeupofA.actinB.myosinC.troponinD.tropomyosinE.myelin[答案]B×9.ThecontractileresponseinskeletalmuscleA.startsaftertheactionpotentialisoverB.doesnotlastaslongastheactionpotentialC.producesmoretensionwhenthemusclecontractsisometricallythanwhenthemusclecontactsisotonicallyD.producesmoreworkwhenthemusclecontractsisometricallythanwhenthemusclecontactsisotonicallyE.decreasesinmagnitudewithrepeatedstimulation[答案]C×10.GapjunctionsA.areabsentincardiacmuscleB.arepresentbutoflittlefunctionalimportanceincardiacmuscleC.arepresentandprovidethepathwayforrapidspreadofexcitationfromonecardiacmusclefibertoanotherD.areabsentinsmoothmuscleE.connectthesarcotubularsystemtoindividualskeletalmusclecells[答案]C×11.Whichofthefollowingisnotsynthesizedinpostganglionicsympatheticneurons?A.L-DopaB.DopamineC.NorepinephrineD.HistamineE.Acetylcholine[答案]D×12.Fastinhibitorypostsynapticpotentials(IPSPs)A.areaconsequenceofpresynapticinhibitionB.interactwithotherfastandslowpotentialstomovethemembranepotentialofthepostsynapticneurontowardorawayfromthefiringlevelC.canbeproducedbyanincreaseinNa+conductanceD.canbeproducedbyanincreaseinCa2+conductanceE.occurinskeletalmuscle[答案]B×13.InitiationofanactionpotentialinskeletalmusclebystimulatingitsmotornerveA.requiresspatialfacilitationB.requirestemporalfacilitationC.isinhibitedbyahighconcentrationofCa2+attheneuromuscularjunctionD.requiresthereleaseofnorepinephrineE.requiresthereleaseofacetylcholine[答案]E×14.Whichofthefollowingisaligand-gatedionchannel?A.VIPreceptorB.NorepinephrinereceptorC.GABAAreceptorD.GABABreceptorE.Metabotropicglutaminereceptor[答案]C×15.WhichofthefollowingismostlikelynottobeinvolvedinproductionofLTP?A.NOB.Ca2+C.NMDAreceptorsD.MembranehyperpolarizationE.Membranedepolarization[答案]D×16.Whichofthefollowingsynaptictransmittersisnotapeptide,polypeptide,orprotein?A.SubstancePB.Met-enkephalinC.β-EndorphinD.SerotoninE.Dynorphin[答案]D×17.Activationofwhichofthefollowingreceptorswouldbeexpectedtodecreaseanxiety?A.NicotiniccholinergicreceptorsB.GlutamatereceptorsC.GABAAreceptorsD.GlucocorticoidreceptorsE.α1-Adrenergicreceptors[答案]C×18.WhichofthefollowingreceptorsiscoupledtoaheterotrimericGprotein?A.GlycinereceptorB.GABABreceptorC.NicotinicacetylcholinereceptoratmyoneuraljunctionD.5-HT3receptorE.ANPreceptor[答案]B×19.Whichofthefollowingwouldnotbeexpectedtoenhancenoradrenergictransmission?A.AdrugthatincreasestheentryofarginineintoneuronsB.AdrugthatenhancestyrosinehydroxylaseactivityC.Adrugthatenhancesdopamineβ-hydroxylaseactivityD.AdrugthatinhibitsmonoamineoxidaseE.Adrugthatinhibitsnorepinephrinereuptake[答案]ACHAPTER3BLOODMCO(Pleaseselectthesinglebestanswer)A1型题×1.Whichofthefollowingisnotprimarilyafunctionofbloodplasma?A.TransportofhormonesB.MaintenanceofredcellsizeC.TransportofchylomicronsD.TransportofantibodiesE.TransportofO2[答案]E×2.Ahematocritof41%meansthatinthesampleofbloodanalyzedA.41%ofthehemoglobinisintheplasmaB.4l%ofthetotalbloodvolumeismadeupofbloodplasmaC.4l%ofthetotalbloodvolumeismadeupofredandwhitebloodcellsandplateletsD.4l%ofthehemoglobinisinredbloodcellsE.4l%oftheformedelementsinbloodareredbloodcells[答案]C×3.InnormalhumanbloodA.theeosinophilisthemostcommontypeofwhitebloodcellB.therearemorelymphocytesthanneutrophilsC.theironismostlyinhemog1obinD.therearemorewhitecellsthanredcellsE.therearemoreplateletsthanredcells[答案]C×4.LymphocytesA.alloriginatefromthebonemarrowafterbirthB.areunaffectedbyhormonesC.converttomonocytesinresponsetoantigensD.interactwitheosinophilstoproduceplateletsE.arepartofthebody’sdefenseagainstcancer[答案]E×5.Inwhichofthefollowingdiseasesisthestructureofthehemoglobinsthatareproducednormalbuttheiramountreduced?A.ChronicbloodlossB.SicklecellanemiaC.HemolyticanemiaD.ThalassemiaE.Transfusionreactions[答案]D×6.Whichofthefollowingplasmaproteinsisnotsynthesizedprimarilyintheliver?A.AngiotensinogenB.IGF-1C.AngiotensinII-convertingenzymeD.α2-MacroglobulinE.Fibrinogen[答案]CCHAPTER4CIRCULATIONMCQ(Pleaseselectthesinglebestanswer)A1型题×1.Whichofthefollowingnormallyhasthemostprominentprepotential?A.SinoatrialnodeB.AtrialmusclecellsC.BundleofHisD.PurkinjefibersE.Ventricularmusclecells[答案]A×2.Insecond-degreeheartblockA.theventricularrateislowerthantheatrialrateB.theventricu1arECGcomplexesaredistortedC.thereisahighincidenceofventriculartachycardiaD.strokevolumeisdecreasedE.cardiacoutputisincreased[答案]A×3.CarotidsinusmassagesometimesstopssupraventriculartachycardiabecauseA.itdecreasessympatheticdischargetotheSAnodeB.itincreasesvagaldischargetotheSAnodeC.itincreasesvagaldischargetotheconductingtissuebetweentheatriaandtheventriclesD.itdecreasessympatheticdischargetotheconductingtissuebetweentheatriaandtheventriclesE.itincreasestherefractoryperiodoftheventricularmyocardium[答案]C×4.Currentscausedbyopeningofwhichofthefollowingchannelscontributetotherepolarizationphaseoftheactionpotentialofventricularmusclefibers?A.Na+channelsB.Cl-channelsC.Ca2+channelsD.K+channelsE.HCO3-channels[答案]D×5.ThesecondheartsoundiscausedbyA.closureoftheaorticandpulmonaryvalvesB.vibrationsintheventricularwallduringsystoleC.ventricularfillingD.closureofthemitralandtricuspidvalvesE.retrogradeflowinthevenacava[答案]A×6.ThefourthheartsoundiscausedbyA.closureoftheaorticandpulmonaryvalvesB.vibrationsintheventricularwallduringsystoleC.ventricularfillingD.closureofthemitralandtricuspidvalvesE.retrogradeflowinthevenacava[答案]C×7.ThedicroticnotchontheaorticpressurecurveiscausedbyA.closureofthemitralvalveB.closureofthetricuspidvalveC.closureoftheaorticvalveD.closureofthepulmonaryvalveE.rapidfillingoftheleftventricle[答案]C×8.Duringexercise,amanconsumesl.8Lofoxygenperminute.HisarterialO2contentis190mL/L,andtheO2contentofhismixedvenousbloodisl34mL/L.HiscardiacoutputisapproximatelyA.3.2B.l6L/minC.32L/minD.54L/minE.160mL/min[答案]C×9.Theworkperformedbytheleftventricleissubstantiallygreaterthanthatperformedbytherightventricle,becauseintheleftventricleA.thecontractionisslowerB.thewallisthickerC.thestrokevolumeisgreaterD.thepreloadisgreaterE.theafterloadisgreater[答案]E×10.Starling’slawoftheheartA.doesnotoperateinthefailingheartB.doesnotoperateduringexerciseC.explainstheincreaseinheartrateproducedbyexerciseD.explainstheincreaseincardiacoutputthatoccurswhenvenousreturnisincreasedE.explainstheincreaseincardiacoutputwhenthesympatheticnervessupplyingtheheartarestimulated[答案]D×11.LymphflowfromthefootisA.increasedwhenanindividualrisesfromthesupinetothestandingpositionB.increasedbymassagingthefootC.increasedwhencapillarypermeabilityisdecreasedD.decreasedwhenthevalvesofthelegveinsareincompetentE.decreasedbyexercise[答案]B×12.Thepressureinacapillaryinskeletalmuscleis35mmHgatthearteriolarendandl4mmHgatthevenularend.Theinterstitialpressureis0mmHg.Thecolloidosmoticpressureis25mmHginthecapillaryandlmmHgintheinterstitium.Thenetforceproducingfluidmovementacrossthecapillarywallatitsarterio1arendisA.3mmHgoutofthecapillaryB.3mmHgintothecapillaryC.10mmHgoutofthecapillaryD.11mmHgoutofthecapillaryE.11mmHgintothecapillary[答案]D×13.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotoccurasbloodpassesthroughthesystemiccapillaries?A.ItshematocritincreasesB.ItshemoglobindissociationcurveshifttotheleftC.ItsproteincontentincreasesD.ItspHdecreasesE.Itsredbloodcellsincreaseinsize[答案]B×14.ThevelocityofbloodflowA.ishigherinthecapillariesthanthearteriolesB.ishigherintheveinsthaninthevenulesC.ishigherintheveinsthanthearteriesD.fallstozerointhedescendingaortaduringdiastoleE.isreducedinaconstrictedareaofabloodvessel[答案]B×15.Whentheradiusoftheresistancevesselsisincreased,whichofthefollowingisincreased?A.SystolicbloodpressureB.DiastolicbloodpressureC.ViscosityofthebloodD.HematocritE.Capillarybloodflow[答案]E×16.Whentheviscosityofthebloodisincreased,whichofthefollowingisincreased?A.MeanbloodpressureB.RadiusoftheresistancevesselsC.RadiusofthecapacitancevesselsD.CentralvenouspressureE.Capi1larybloodflow[答案]A×17.ApharmacologistdiscoversadrugthatsimulatestheproductionofVEGFreceptors.HeisexcitedbecausehisdrugmightbeofvalueinthetreatmentofA.coronaryarterydiseaseB.cancerC.diabetesmellitusD.diabetesinsipidusE.dysmenorrhea[答案]A×18.Whichofthefollowingareincorrectlypaired?A.AngiotensinII-convertingenzyme:kininmetabolismB.Stimulationofthevagusnerveintheneck:bradycardiaC.Prostacyclin:vasodilationD.Increasedpressureinthecarotidsinuses:decreasedsympatheticdischargetoarteriolesE.IncreasedH2intissues:vasoconstrictionintissues[答案]E×19.Whenapheochromocytoma(tumoroftheadrenalmedulla)suddenlydischargesalargeamountofepinephrineintothecirculation,thepatient’sheartratewouldbeexpectedtoA.increasebecausetheincreaseinbloodpressurestimulatesthecarotidandaorticbaroreceptorsB.increasebecauseepinephrinehasadirectchronotropiceffectontheheartC.increasebecauseofincreasedtonicparasympatheticdischargetotheheartD.decreasebecausetheincreaseinbloodpressurestimulatesthecarotidandaorticchemoreceptorsE.decreasebecauseofincreasedtonicparasympatheticdischargetotheheart[答案]B×20.VasopressinsecretionisincreasedbyA.increasedpressureintherightventricleB.decreasedpressureintherightventricleC.increasedpressureintherightatriumD.decreasedpressureintherightatriumE.increasedpressureintheaorta[答案]D×21.Catecholaminesactingonα-adrenergicreceptorsA.increasethecontractilityofcardiacmuscleB.increasetherateofdischargeofthesinoatrialnodeC.increasecardiacoutputD.constrictcoronaryarteriesbyadirectactiononthesebloodvesselsE.dilatebloodvesselsinskeletalmuscle[答案]D×22.BloodinwhichofthefollowingvesselsnormallyhasthelowestPO2?A.MaternalarteryB.MaternaluterineveinC.MaternalfemoralveinD.UmbilicalarteryE.Umbilicalvein[答案]D×23.ThepressuredifferentialbetweentheheartandtheaortaisleastintheA.leftventricleduringsystoleB.leftventricleduringdiastoleC.rightventricleduringsystoleD.rightventricleduringdiastoleE.leftatriumduringsystole[答案]A×24.Injectionoftissueplasminogenactivator(t-PA)wouldprobablybemostbeneficialA.afteratleastlyearofuncomplicatedrecoveryfollowingocclusionofacoronaryarteryB.afteratleast2monthsofrestandrecuperationfollowingocclusionofacoronaryarteryC.duringthesecondweekafterocclusionofacoronaryarteryD.duringtheseconddayafterocclusionofacoronaryarteryE.duringthesecondhourafterocclusionofacoronaryartery[答案]E×25.Whichofthefollowingorganshasthegreatestbloodflowperl00goftissue?A.BrainB.HeartmuscleC.SkinD.LiverE.Kidneys[答案]E×26.Whichofthefollowingorganshasthemostpermeablecapillaries?A.BrainB.PosteriorpituitaryglandC.LiverD.SmallintestineE.Kidneys[答案]C×27.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotdilatearteriolesintheskin?A.IncreasedbodytemperatureB.EpinephrineC.BradykininD.SubstancePE.Vasopressin[答案]E×28.Ababyboyisbroughttothehospitalbecauseofconvulsions.Inthecourseofaworkup,hisbodytemperatureandplasmaglucosearefoundtobenormal,buthiscerebrospinalfluidglucoseisl2mg/dL(normal,65mg/dL).ApossibleexplanationofhisconditionisA.constitutiveactivationofGLUT3inneuronsB.SGLTldeficiencyinastrocytesC.GLUT5deficiencyincerebralcapillariesD.GLUTl55KdeficiencyincerebralcapillariesE.GLUTl45Kdeficiencyinmicroglia[答案]D√29.Whichofthefollowingismostbeneficialwhenadministeredinthefirst2-3hoursfollowingtheonsetofanischemicstrokeA.ProinsulinB.BloodtransfusionC.GlycinereceptorantagonistsD.β-AdrenergicblockingdrugsE.t-PA[答案]×30.PlasmareninactivityismostlikelytobelowerthannormalA.incongestiveheartfailureB.inhemorrhagicshockC.inshockduetoinfectionwithgram-negativebacteriaD.inessentialhypertensionE.duringquietstanding[答案]D×31.WhichofthefollowingtakeslongesttoreturntonormalafterlLofbloodisremovedfromanormalindividual?A.PlasmaaldosteroneconcentrationB.BloodpressureC.ReninsecretionD.PlasmavolumeE.Numberofredbloodcellsinperipheralblood[答案]E×32.Whichofthefollowingisleastlikelytocausesustainedhypertension?A.ChronicallyincreasedsecretionoftheadrenalmedullaB.ChronicallyincreasedsecretionofthezonafasciculateandzonareticularisoftheadrenalcortexC.ChronicallyincreasedsecretionofthezonaglomerulosaoftheadrenalcortexD.ChronicallyincreasedsecretionoftheposteriorpituitaryglandE.Chronictreatmentwithoralcontraceptives[答案]D×33.Whichofthefollowingisnotincreasedduringisotonicexercise?A.RespiratoryrateB.StrokevolumeC.HeartrateD.TotalperipheralresistanceE.Systolicbloodpressure[答案]D×34.WhichofthefollowingareincorrectlypairedA.Lossofblood:hypotensionB.Negativeg:blackoutC.Increasedcardiacoutput:exerciseD.Renalarteryconstriction:increasebloodpressureE.Decreasedtotalperipheralresistance:fainting[答案]B×35.Whichofthefollowingwouldyouexpecttodecreaseinanormalindividualwhostandsquietlyinthesamepositionforlhour?A.HematocritB.DiameterofthethighC.PlasmareninactivityD.PlasmavasopressinconcentrationE.Centralvenouspressure[答案]E×36.Whichofthefollowingisleastlikelytocausefainting?A.PressureonthecarotidsinusB.ParoxysmalatrialfibrillationC.AutonomicinsufficiencyD.StrongemotionE.Myocardialinfarction[答案]BCHAPTER5RESPIRATIONMCO(Pleaseselectthesinglebestanswer)A1型题×1.OnthesummitofMt.Everest,wherethebarometricpressureisabout250mmHg,thepartialpressureofO2isaboutA.0.1B.0.5mmC.5mmHgD.50mmHgE.100mmHg[答案]D×2.TheapproximateamountofgasleftinthelungsaftermaximalforcedexpirationinanormalwomanisA.zeroB.0.1LC.1.1LD.3.1LE.4.2L[答案]C×3.ThetidalvolumeinanormalmanrestisaboutA.0.5B.1.2LC.2.5LD.4.9LE.6.0L[答案]A×4.Whatistheapproximatedeadspaceofanormal70-kgmanbreathingthroughatubethathasaradiusof5mmandalengthof100cm?A.150mLB.180mLC.230mLD.380mLE.350mL[答案]C×5.WhichofthefollowingisresponsibleforthemovementofO2fromthealveoliintothebloodinthepulmonarycapillaries?A.ActivetransportB.FiltrationC.SecondaryactivetransportD.FacilitateddiffusionE.Passivediffusion[答案]E×6.Whichofthefollowingcausesrelaxationofbronchialsmoothmuscle?A.LeukotrienesB.Vasoactiveintestinalpolypeptide(VIP)C.AcetylcholineD.CoolairE.Sulfurdioxide[答案]B×7.AirwayresistanceA.isincreasedifthelungsareremovedandinflatedwithsalineB.doesnotaffecttheworkofbreathingC.isincreasedinparaplegicpatientsD.isincreasedinasthmaE.makesup80%oftheworkofbreathing[答案]D×8.MostoftheCO2transportedinthebloodisA.dissolvedinplasmaB.incarbaminocompoundsformedfromplasmaproteinsC.incarbaminocompoundsformedfromhemoglobinD.boundtoCl-E.inHCO3-[答案]E×9.Whichofthefollowinghasthegreatesteffectontheabilityofbloodtotransportoxygen?A.CapacityofthebloodtodissolveoxygenB.AmountofhemoglobininthebloodC.pHofplasmaD.CO2contentofredbloodcellsE.Temperatureoftheblood[答案]B×10.ThemainrespiratorycontrolneuronsA.sendoutregularburstsofimpulsestoexpiratorymusclesduringquietrespirationB.areunaffectedbystimulationofpainreceptorsC.arelocatedintheponsD.sendoutregularburstsofimpulsestoinspiratorymusclesduringquietrespiratoryE.areunaffectedbyimpulsesfromthecerebralcortex[答案]D×11.Intravenouslacticacidincreasesventilation.ThereceptorsresponsibleforthiseffectarelocatedintheA.medullaoblongataB.carotidbodiesC.lungparenchymaD.aorticbaroreceptorsE.tracheaandlargebronchi[答案]B×12.SpontaneousrespirationceasesafterA.transectionofthebrainstemabovetheponsB.transectionofthebrainstematthecaudalendofthemedullaC.bilateralvagotomyD.bilateralvagotomycombinedwithtransectionofthebrainstematthesuperiorborderoftheponsE.transectionofthespinalcordatthelevelofthefirstthoracicsegment[答案]B×13.Stimulationofthecentral(proximal)endofacutvagusnervewouldbeexpectedtoA.increaseheartrateB.stimulateinspirationC.inhibitcoughingD.raisebloodpressureE.causeapnea[答案]E×14.InjectionofadrugthatstimulatesthecarotidbodieswouldbeexpectedtocauseA.adecreaseinthepHofarterialbloodB.adecreaseinthePco2ofarterialbloodC.anincreaseintheHCO3-concentrationofarterialbloodD.anincreaseinurinaryNa+excretionE.anincreaseinplasmaCl-[答案]B×15.Variationsinwhichofthefollowingcomponentsofbloodorcerebrospinalfluiddonotaffectrespiration?A.ArterialHCO3-concentrationB.ArterialH+concentrationC.ArterialNa+concentrationD.CerebrospinalfluidCO2concentrationE.CerebrospinalfluidH+concentration[答案]C×16.InwhichofthefollowingconditionsisCO2retentionmostlikelytooccur?A.ClimbingahighmountainB.VentilatorfailureC.CarbonmonoxidepoisoningD.LungfailureE.Hystericalhyperventilation[答案]B×17.Pulmonaryfibr