定语从句知识结构图解

定语从句知识结构图解概念：定语可以由形容词,名词,代词,分词,不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。①指人的先行词⒈先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词②指物的先行词★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。Hehaspassedthedrivingtest,whichsurprisesallofus.(which替代前面所叙述的事情)先行词①替代前面的先行词（替代作用）关系词的作用②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）③在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）定语从句“三要素”⒉关系词:引导定语的词标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类关系词的分类关系代词：在从句中做主,宾，表，定（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）关系副词：在从句中作状语(When/where/why)⒊定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子。①限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。定Heisateacherwhoworksatourschool.定语从句的分类②非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)语Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isabeautifulcitywithalonghistory.比较:Hehastwosons,whoworkinthesamecompany.(Hehasonlytwosons.)从Hehastwosonswhoworkinthesamecompany.(Perhapshehastwomoresons)句①关系代词在定语从句中作宾语Sheisthegirl(whom/that)Ilovedbefore.(可以省略whom/that)②关系代词在定语从句中作表语⒈关系代词的省略Heisnolongertheboy(that)heusedtobe.(可以省略that)限定性定语从句③关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housingpriceisaproblem(that/which)peopleareinterestedin.比较:Housingpriceisaprobleminwhichpeopleareinterested.（此时只能用which且不能省略）①以疑问词who开头的句子中定语从句几个难点Whoisthemanthatisshoutingthere?②关系代词在从句中作表语时用that的情况Sheisnotthegirlthatsheusedtobe.③先行词被thevery,theright,theonly修饰Thisistheverypersonthatwearelookingfor.⒉先行词是人that/who的区别①先行词是one,ones,anybody,all,none,those等Thosewhowanttogotothecinemawillhavetowaitatthegateoftheschool.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一用who的情况个用whoWhoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?③在therebe结构中Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom,whoismybestfriend,hasgoneabroadtostudy.在非限定性定语从句中.Shelostthegame,whichdepressedhergreatly.②关系词置于介词之后,作宾语.ThepenwithwhichyouwriteisJack’s.用which的情况③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichisnewlyopentous.①先行词是不定代词如all,little,few,much,⒊先行词是物anything,everything,nothing,none,noone等that/which的区别Shedidallthatshecouldtohelpus.②先行词被all,every,no,some,little,much,theonly,thevery,theright，thelast等所修饰时ThisistheverybookthatIwant.③先行词中既有人又有物时Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleand用that的情况theplacesthatimpressedhermost.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.ThisisthefirstfilmthatI’veseensinceIcamehere.⑤定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词以用which,另外一个用thatHebuiltafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.定⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用thatWhoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?语定语从句10个难点①As既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。常用于以下句型当中从★Such/so…..as….像…..一样thesame….as…和…...同样的Acomputerissousefulamachineaswecanuseeveryday.句⒋As引导定语从Heisnotthesamemanashewas.句的用法②引导非限制性定语从句，此时译为“正如，像”等。可以放在句首，句中或句末。AsIremember,therewereanetbarhere.TaiwanisaninseparablepartofChina,asisknowntoall.★thesameas...和thesamethat...引导定语从句的区别ThisisthesamebikethatIlostyesterday.(同一事物)ThisisthesamebikeasIlostyesterday.（同类事物）①When在定语从句中做时间状语，先行词为表示时间的time,day等IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.（when=onwhich）②Where在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词为表地点的place,spot等Canyoutellmetheofficewhereheworks?(where=inwhich)③Why在定语从句中做原因状语，先行词只有reason.⒌关系副词的运用Idon’twanttolistentoanyreasonwhyyouwereabsent.(why=forwhich)★关系副词=相应的介词+关系代词★Where引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词如case(情形)，situation,position(位置),stage(阶段)，point（地步）等Whatarethesituationswherebodylanguageistheonlyformofcommunication?在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式。（此时where=inwhich）2.Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtourtextbookshereyesterday.3.Themagazineismine.Hehastakenitaway.4.Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydon’tstudyhard.5.Thewomanisourgeographyteacher.Yousawherinthepark.6.Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.7.Theplaywaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.8.Thetrainwaslate.ItwasgoingtoNanning.9.Theboyismybrother.Hewashereaminuteago.10.Thetreeisquitetall.Heisclimbingit.11.Hereisthegirl.Herbrotherworksinthisshop.12.That’sthechild.Wewerelookingathisdrawingjustnow.13.Thisistheboy.Hissisterisafamoussinger.14.Iwanttotalktotheboys.Theirhomeworkhaven’tbeenhandedin.15.Isthatthewoman?Herdaughterisinmyclass.16.Heusedtoliveinabighouse.Infrontofitgrewmanybananatrees.17.Theypassedafactory.Atthebackofthefactorytherewerericefields.18.Thesoldierrantothebuilding.Onthetopofitflewaflag.19.Intheeveningtheyarrivedatahill.Atthefootofthehilltherewasatemple.20.Shecameintoabigroom.Inthemiddleofitstoodalargetable.二、根据句子意思，在第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:1.Theperson________________IspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.2.Thepencil________________hewaswritingbroke.3.WuDong,________________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.4.Thetwothings________________MarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidiomsofEnglish.5.Herbag,________________sheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.6.ThestoriesabouttheLongMarch,________________thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.答案1.Thefanthatyouwantisonthedesk.2.Themanwhobroughtourtextbookshereyesterdayisinnextroom.3.Themagazinewhichhehastakenawayismine.4.Thestudentswhodon’tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.5.Thewomanyousawintheparkisourgeographyteacher.6.TheletterIreceivedyesterdayisfrommysister.7.Theplaythatwesawlastnightwaswonderful.8.ThetrainwhichwasgoingtoNanningwaslate.9.Theboywhowashereaminuteagoismybrother.10.Thetreeheisclimbingisquitetall.11.Hereisthegirlwhosebrotherworksinthisshop.12.That’sthechildwhosedrawingwewerelookingatjustnow.13.Thisistheboywhosesisterisafavoussinger.14.Iwanttotalktotheboywhosehomeworkhasn’tbeenhandedin.15.Isthatthewomanwhosedaughterisinmyclass?16.Heusedtoliveinabighouse,infrontofwhichgrewmanybananatrees.17.Theypassedafactory,atthebackofwhichtherewerericefields.18.Thesoldierrantothebuilding,onthetopofwhichflewaflag.19.Intheeveningtheyarrivedatahill,atthefootofwhichtherewasatemple.20.Shecameintoabigroom,inthemiddleofwhichstoodalargetable.二、1.towhom;2.wihtwhich;3.withwhom;4.aboutwhich;5.inwhich;6.ofwhichⅢ、Correctthemistakesinthefollowingsentencesifthereareany:1、Hetoldusaboutthecountrieswherehehadvisited.2、Egyptisacountrywhereisfamousforitspyramids.3、Chinaisthecountrywherehespentthebestpartofh