湖南长沙高三上学期期末调研卷

B13湖南省长沙市2022届高三上学期期末考试第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFilmsforYou!ACharlieBrownThanksgiving(1973)Atrueclassic,thisPeanutscartoongivesmanyviewersasenseofnostalgia(怀旧).ReturntotheiconicmomentwhenLucypullsthefootballawayfromCharlieBrownrightashe'sabouttokickit.Lifeishard,butinthisanimatedfilm,sweetnesswinswhenthePeanutsgrouppreparesaThanksgivingfeastpletewithjellybeans.Planes,TrainsandAutomobiles(1987)ThisJohnHughesedystarringSteveMartinandJohnCandyisalreadyaThanksgivingclassicformany.Neal(Martin)endsupreroutingtheplanebecauseofasnowstorm.AshestrugglestofindawayhomeforThanksgiving,hegetsstuckwithextremelypositiveDel(Candy).OneTrueThing(1998)MerylStreepwasnominated(提名)foranAcademyAwardforherperformanceinthismovieasawifeandmumwhostruggleswithcancer.RenéeZellwegerplaysthegrowndaughterwhohastoehometohelpwiththeholiday.Thetwotrytoholdthefamilytogether,especiallyduringatenseThanksgivingmealwhenguestsgetalltheattention.TheGoldRush(1925)CharlieChaplinastheLittleTrampeatshisshoeforThanksgivingdinnerwhiletrappedinasnowstorminthisendearingsilentfilmclassicfrom1925.Watchthisoneifyou'reinthemoodtoseealeathershoepreparedandeatenasifitwereadeliciousturkey.Itmakesyougratefulforwhatyouhave!21.WhatcouldACharlieBrownThanksgivingremindmanyviewersof?A.Birthofanimatedfilms. B.Historyoffootballgames.C.Tasteofjellybeans. D.Sweetmemoriesofolddays.22.Whichfilmbestsuitspeoplewhowanttoseealeathershoeeaten?A.TheGoldRush. B.ACharlieBrownThanksgiving.C.OneTrueThing. D.Planes,TrainsandAutomobiles.23.Whatdothesefourfilmshaveinmon?A.TheyarerelatedtoThanksgiving.B.Theytellinterestingfamilystories.C.Theydescribetheholidayactivities.D.Theyarebasedontheauthors'ownlife.BAllhumansocietiesplaygames.Kickingaballcanbefoundeverywherewhetherjustaballofcloth,oraskinstuffedwithfeathersorair.

Butplexgamesandteamsportshavetendedtoariseinbigcivilizations—thehighertheculturallevelofasociety,thegreatertheplexityofinteraction,andhenceperhapsthemoreplextheformsofsport.Thisisnotalwaysthecase.TheancientGreeks,forexample,preferredindividualnotteamsports.ButinChinaforwellover2,000years,peopleplayedthegameof“kickball”—cuju.Thememberswereoftenyoungmenfromwealthyfamiliesthoughtherewerealsoprofessionalkickballers,whomyoucouldstickwithinyourteamassleepers.Cujuwasplayedasentertainmentatcourtbanquetsorthereceptionofforeignambassadors.Evenemperorsplayedkickball.Asyou'dexpectinaConfuciansociety,kickballclubswerekeenonthekeyqualitiesofmercyandcourtesy.Agreatplayerwasonewhoshowed“thespiritofthegame”.The“TenEssentialsofKickball”includedrespectforotherplayers,politebehavioursandteamspirit.Therewastobenoungentlemanlybehaviour,nodangerousplay,andnohogging(独占)theball.Inotherwords,asweusedtosay,“playupandplaythegame.”WhatacontrastwiththeancientGreekathleticswhereonlyvictorycountedandifthatneededgamesmanship,orcruelprofessionalfouls(犯规),thensobeit.Asawayofnationalcultureprotection,cujuwaslistedintothefirstbatchofChina'sintangibleculturalheritages(非物质文化遗产)in2006.24.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“stuffedwith”meaninParagraph1?A.Filledwith. B.Decoratedwith.C.Surroundedwith. D.Coveredwith.25.Whatprobablycontributestotheplicatedgames?A.Teams. B.Interaction.C.Society. D.Civilizations.26.Whowerethemajormembersinacujuteamaccordingtothetext?A.Sleepers. B.Therichyoungmen.C.Emperors. D.Theprofessionalathletes.27.Whatisthefifthparagraphmainlyabout?A.Kickball'spopularity.B.Kickball'sdevelopment.C.Kickball'simportance.D.Kickball'scharacteristics.CCybersecurityfirmLucideusTechhaslaunchedSafeMe,acyberriskassessmentappwithversionsaimedatregularusers,enterprisesandtheirseniorexecutives.“Our‘Safe’product,whichwelaunchedthreeyearsback,providesthecyberriskstatusforyourorganization,allthewaydowntoeverysinglelaptop,everysinglerouter(路由器),everydatabase,everycloudinstance,”saidSaketModi,cofounderandCEOofLucideusTech.Whenaregularuseropensthe“SafeMe”app,theywillseeascorehasbeengiventothemabouttheircybersafetyrisk.Theratingsarefromzerotofive;thelowertherate,thehighertherisk.Theappalsodoesariskassessmentforthedevice,andhighlightsiftheuserneedstoupdatetheOS(操作系统),ifthedeviceissecure,etc.ItalsoshowstheuseralistofdamagedpasswordswhichislinkedtotheiremailID,includingthepasswordthatgotleaked.Modisaystheappwillremainadfreeanditdoesnotrequireanyspecialpermissionsinordertoshowthisriskassessment.Theappwillalsoletregularuserstakesafetycoursestoimprovetheirsafetyscore.Themoretestsoneanswersinacorrectway,thebettertheirscorebees.Enterpriseswillbeabletodesignandruntheirownsafetycampaignsinordertoimprovethesecurityrisksoftheiremployees.“Eventoday,thelargestoftheFortune500paniesaroundtheworlddon'thaveanypersonalizedmoduleforcybersecurityprotectionoftheiremployees.SowhatwearetryingtodowithSafeMeisgiveyouapersonalassistant,andyoucancountonitwhenitestoknowingyourowncybersecurityriskstatus,”hesaid.ModipointedoutthatwithCOVID19pandemic(流行病)andmoreemployeesworkingfromhome,thedifferencebetweenprofessionalworkspaceandpersonalspacehasdisappeared.“Soourapplicationcangiveusersandemployeesfirsthandvisibilityoftheirownriskstatus,”headded.28.What'stheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthetext?A.Todesignsafetyproducts. B.TopromotetheappSafeMe.C.Toassesscybersecurityrisk. D.Toteachappusershowtobesafer.29.WhatcouldSafeMedoaccordingtothetext?A.HelptheuserstoupdatetheOS.B.Offerscoresaboutcybersafetyrisk.C.Instructuserstousepopularapplications.D.Protectthepasswordsfrombeingleaked.30.WhichofthefollowingwordcanbestdescribeSafeMe?A.Expensive. B.Risky.C.plex. D.Practical.31.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Asciencefiction. B.Aresearchpaper.C.AnITmagazine. D.Aputertextbook.DMorethan45,000yearsago,bytheshoreofpresentdayTasmania,alocalpersonpickedupalargepieceofthick,darkbrownseaweed.Andherealizedthatthisgiantpieceofseaweedcouldbeusedtomakeawatertightbag.And45,000yearslateronmainlandAustralia,peopleareagainturningtoseaweedtosolvepressingproblems.Today,itisusedtoaddresstheworld'sclimatecrisis.Winberg,amarineecologistattheUniversityofWollongong,hasspentdecadesstudyingseaweed.Shebelievesseaweed'sfastgrowthrateandabilitytoabsorbvastamountsofcarbondioxidecanhelpfightclimatechange,deacidify(降低酸度)theoceans,andchangethewaywefarm,notjustintheoceansbutalsoonland.“Ifweusedtheinfrastructurewehaveintheoceanandcreatedseaweedislands,wewouldactuallygetridofmanyclimatechangeissueswehavetoday,”saysWinberg.Realizingseaweed'spotentialasaclimatesolution,WinbergopenedAustralia'sfirstlandbased,mercialseaweedfarmin2013.OnherfarminNewSouthWales,Winbergproducesseaweedextracts(提取物)thatareusedinfood,cosmeticsandmedicines.Likeplantsonland,seaweedabsorbsCO2andgrowsbiomass(生物量).Coastalmarinesystemscanabsorbcarbonatratesupto50timesgreaterthanforestsonland,accordingtoEmilyPidgeon,seniordirectorofstrategicmarineinitiativesatConservationInternational.Globally,seaweedsarethoughttoabsorbnearly200milliontonsofCO2everyyear—asmuchasNewYorkState'sannualemissions.Andwhentheseaweeddies,muchofthecarbonlockedupinitstissuesistransportedtodeepoceans.ByraisingpHlevelsintheocean,seaweedsalsoimprovegrowingconditionsforshellfishsuchasoystersandmussels,whoseshellsbeemorefragile(脆弱的)inacidicenvironments.Thepotentialforseaweedcultivationdoesn'tstopintheoceans.Winberghasfoundtherearebenefitstodoingitonlandtoo.Shebelievesthatseaweedfarmingoffers“hugepotential”tonotonlyaddresstheclimatecrisis,butalsofeedagrowingpopulationinasustainableway.AccordingtoWinberg,onehectare(公顷)ofaseaweedfarmcanproducemoreproteinthanthesameamountoflandusedforcattle.“We'resittingonundiscovered,renewable,sustainableresources,”shesays.32.WhatismainlyintroducedaboutseaweedinParagraph1?A.Itsuse. B.Itshistory.C.Itsorigin. D.Itsappearance.33.Whyisseaweedspokenhighlyofaccordingtothetext?A.Itlowerstheoceantemperaturedirectly.B.Itcontributestoshellfish'sgrowingspeed.C.Itproducesthesameamountofproteinascattle.D.Itgrowsfastandcanabsorbcarbondioxideatahighrate.34.WhatisWinberg'sattitudetowardsseaweed?A.Unclear. B.Favourable.C.Critical. D.Doubtful.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.CO2,aKillerofClimateChangeB.Pollution,theWorld'sClimateCrisisC.Seaweed,aPotentialClimateSolutionD.Infrastructure,aWayofEliminatingClimateIssues第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Hereissomegoodnewsforthosehatingsummerheat—JulyisNationalIceCreamMonth!36TheorderurgescitizenstoobservetheentiremonthoratleastonthethirdSundayofJulywithappropriateceremoniesandactivities.This,ofcourse,meanseatingasmuchicecreamaspossible.Herearesomefunicecreamfacts.

Thefirstrecordofmilkbasedicecream,madeusingheatedmilk,andflour,camefromChina'sTangDynasty.However,theArabsareregardedasinventingthemoderntype,usingmilkandsugarinthe9thcentury.Bythe10thcentury,adeliciousfrozentreatusingmilk,cream,rosewater,driedfruits,andnutswasextremelypopularinBaghdad,Damascus,andCairo.Europeansdiscoveredtheicytreatinthe16thcentury.37Thedessertwasfirstmentionedin1744,whenMarylandGovernorThomasBladenservedstrawberryicecreamtoguests.However,duetothelackofrefrigerators,itwasnotuntil1851thaticecreamfinallybecameavailabletothepublic.

38Anestimated$6billionisspentannuallyonthetreat,andthenumbersareevenhigherifrestaurantsalesareincluded.ThoughCaliforniaproducesthemosticecream,thebiggestfans,onapercapita(人均的)basis,liveinWashington,DC,RhodeIsland,andWisconsin.

Mostpeoplethinktheiricecreamchoiceisafunctionoftheirtastepreference.39Vanilla(香草)icecreamfansarerisktakerswhoaregreatatrelationships.Strawberryicecreamenthusiastsaredevoted.Coffeefansarelikelytobeseriousandperfectionists.40

A.Chocolatefansmustbegenerousandcharming.B.Butitdidn'tgotoAmericauntilthe18thcentury.C.Peopleallovertheworldcelebratethespecialday.D.Everyone,especiallychildren,lovedeatingicecream.E.Americansarenowoneoftheworld'slargesticecreamconsumers.F.Dr.AlanHirsch,however,believesitreflectsanindividual'spersonality.G.The“cool”holidaywasmadebyformerUSPresidentReaganonJuly9,1984.第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。A23yearoldwomanhasachievedanunbelievablefeatthatmanyofusdreamof—visitingeverycountryonEarth.LexieAlfordwasbornintoafamilyoftravelagents,whichgavehertheopportunityto41placessuchasCambodia,DubaiandEgyptduringherchildhood,accordingtoForbesmagazine.Shebegansavingupatage12to42hergoalofvisitingallcountries.Byher18thbirthday,shehadtravelledto72nations.InOctober,2016sherealizedshecouldseethe43nationsonherlistintimetosetanofficialrecord.Manypeople44hertravelonsocialmediaplatformInstagram,soshedecidedtochasetheworldrecordpartlyto45others.“Honestly,inthebeginning,I46wantedtopushthe47ofwhatIthoughtIcoulddowithmylifeandseeasmuchoftheworldaspossibleinthe48,”shetoldForbes.“Itwasn'tuntilthingsstartedgettingreally49thatIrealizedIwasinspiringpeoplearoundme,especiallythe50.”

“IalsolovedvisitingNorthernPakistan,forthenaturalbeautyofthemountainsandkindnessofthelocalswereastonishing,”LexieAlfordsaid.“ThemostpleasantsurpriseabouttravellingtoallthesemisunderstoodareasoftheworldwasthatthecountriesthatIhadthe51expectationfor52beingthemostincredible.”

“My53foryoungpeopleistobelievethatyoucandoanythingyousetyourmindtodo.Ifyouwanttotravel,youhaveto54sacrificestotravelaroundtheworld.Andit'sonlyamatterof55untilyoucanmakeitareality.”

41.A.remark B.settle C.tour D.love42.A.fund B.quit C.switch D.register43.A.powerful B.ideal C.developed D.remaining44.A.ranked B.modified C.followed D.criticized45.A.inspire B.grill C.understand D.acpany46.A.occasionally B.simply C.pletely D.temporarily47.A.dream B.button C.family D.observation48.A.platform B.agency C.process D.country49.A.dull B.official C.natural D.challenging50.A.adult B.youth C.bosses D.agents51.A.most B.least C.greatest D.worst52.A.startedwith B.showedoff C.endedup D.searchedfor53.A.advice B.promise C.belief D.information54.A.save B.appreciate C.worsen D.make55.A.honour B.career C.time D.assessment第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。There56(be)countlessthingsthatcaninfluenceyoursleep.However,there'sonesurprisingfactorthatcouldbeaffectingyoursleep:thepaintofcolourinyourbedroom.According57anewsurvey,paintingyourbedroomacolourthat'stoobrightoreventoodarkinfluencesyoursleep.

Differentcolourscansetdifferent58(mood)inyourspace,someof59maynotbefavourabletosleep.Ifyouwantyourbedroomtobemorecalming,you'd60(good)exploreneutrals(中和色),lightgreens,andgolds.Asisdescribedinthesurvey,dramaticcolourslike“brightreds,deepbrowns,andevenolivegreens”arelesslikely61(leave)youfeelingbrighteyedinthemorning.Besides,havingtoodarkaroommaynotkeepyouupatnight,62itcandamageyourenergyupon63(wake).Ontheotherhand,abrightcolourshouldbeavoidedinthebedroombecauseithasthepotentialtointerruptsleepandpromoteactivityratherthanrelaxation.

Anyway,itdoesn'tmeanthatdramaticcolourshavetobeoffthetable64(entire).Butremember:whenyoudecorateyourrooms,choosingtherightcolouris65must.

第四部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假设你是李华。你的英国网友Tony听说中国的很多高中生都在上晚自习(eveningclasses),他想知道具体的情况,请你写一封邮件告诉他。内容包括:1.上晚自习的原因;2