情态动词和虚拟语气课件【知识精讲精研】 高三英语二轮复习

情态动词和虚拟语气Step1SpeechStep2LearningObjectivesLearningObjectives1.Enablestudentstoknowtheusageofmodalverbandsubjunctive.2.Improvestudents’abilitytosolvetheproblemaboutthem.Step3Lead-in[高考感悟]单句填空1.(2020·天津卷)Jimsayswe____stayinhishouseaslongasweleaveitcleanandtidy.

2.(2020·江苏卷)IfIhadn’tbeenfacedwithsomanybarriers,I_______notbewhereIam.

3.(2018·北京卷)Intoday’sinformationage,thelossofdata_________causeseriousproblemsforacompany.

4.(2018·江苏卷)It’sstrangethathe__________havetakenthebookswithouttheowner’spermission.

canwould

may/canshould

5.(2018·江苏卷)Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI___________(have)asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.

6.(2018·天津卷)Ican’tfindmypurse.I_____________________(leave)itinthesupermarketyesterday,butI’mnotsure.

7.(2018·北京卷)Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey_______________(drive)afewmorekilometers.

8.(2018·天津卷)Ifwe_______________(catch)theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeach.

hadcould/mighthaveleft

haddrivenhadcaughtStep4Explanation情态动词can表现在的能力,could主要指过去的能力。表示“过去成功做成某事”时通常用was/wereabletoThelittleboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages.Couldthegirlreadbeforeshewenttoschool?Everyonewasabletoescapewhenthefirebrokeout.表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上,并不涉及此事真的发生),常译为“往往会,有时候可能会”。常用于肯定句中AlthoughyoucanfindbargainsinLondon,it’snotgenerallyacheapplacetoshop.表示请求和允许。在问句中could语气比can要委婉CanIhaveawordwithyou?Itwon’ttakelong.考点一can与could表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中Howcanyoubesocareless?表示推测。常用于否定句和疑问句中,语气较强Hecan’tbeintheclassroom;thelightisnoton.cannot/cannever...too/enough...表示“再……也不为过”Youcan

neverbetoocarefulwhendrivingacar.cannotbutdosth./cannothelpbutdosth./cannotchoosebutdosth.表示“不得不/只好做某事”Youcannotchoosebutgowithme.用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等;此外,颁布法律、规定时也用shallYoushalldoasyourfathersays.Eachpartyshallrespectthearticlesofthiscontract.用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方指示Shallthemanstandingoutsidehaveatry?考点二

shall考点三

must表示主观上的“必须,应该”,其否定形式mustn’t表示禁止。对比:haveto表示客观上的“不得不”,可用于各种时态Theworkmustbefinishedassoonaspossible.OK,then,youmustn’tforgetyourmedicalcard.以must开头的问句,其否定回答用needn’t或don’thaveto—MustIpayincash?—No,youneedn’t/don’thaveto.表示“非要,偏要”做某事,表达出说话者的一种不满情绪—CanIsmokehere?—No.Gotothesmokingsection,ifyoumust.表示对具体事情的推测,意为

“一定,肯定”,语气较强,只用于肯定句中Sincenobodygavehimanyhelp,hemusthavedonetheresearchonhisown.表示义务,常译为“应该”,用于各种人称。oughtto的语气比should强烈Parentsshould/oughttotakegoodcareoftheirbabies.表示推测,译为“可能,(按道理)应该”,多指对未来合乎理想的情况或结果的一种期盼It’snearly8o’clock.Heshouldbehereatthemoment.表示惊讶、意外等,常译为“竟然,居然”Youshouldwearslippersintheclassroom.用在if条件句中,should表示可能性很小的一种虚拟语气IfIshouldseehim,Iwouldtellhimthenews.考点四

should与oughtto表示意愿,用于各种人称的陈述句中。would常指过去的意愿Ifyouwillreadthebook,I’llgiveittoyou.表示请求、建议,常用于第二人称,用在疑问句中。would语气较委婉Willyoupleaseclosethewindow?表示某种倾向或习惯性动作,常译为“总是,惯于”Thedoorwouldn’topen,nomatterhowhardshepushed.考点五

will与would注意would

可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向,后面接表示动作的动词,不能接表示状态的词。used

to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,强调现在已不存在。I

still

remember

my

happy

childhood

when

my

mother

would

take

me

to

Disneyland

at

weekends.考点六

may与might表示请求、允许、许可,might比may语气委婉Youmayusemybike.表示推测,常用于陈述句中,语气比较弱,把握性不大。might语气比may还要弱Lifeisunpredictable;eventhepoorestmight/maybecometherichest.may/mightaswell+动词原形,意为“最好,倒不如……”Youmay/mightaswelldoitatonce.maywell+动词原形,意为“完全能,很可能”Hemaywellbelateforclass.may用于祈使句中,表示祝愿Mayyoureturninsafety!考点七

need与dare两者都可以作为情态动词和实义动词。当作情态动词时,后面要接动词原形,通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。用作实义动词时,其变化和一般的动词相同,有人称和数的变化,构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do,does,did。dare用作实义动词,用于否定句和疑问句时,常省略后面的to—I’vepreparedallkindsoffoodforthepicnic.—Doyoumeanweneedn’tbringanythingwithus?Thelittlegirldidn’tdare(to)gooutatnightalone.need用作实义动词时,若主语为动作的承受者,用谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义或用不定式的被动形式Thehouseneedsrepairing.=Thehouseneedstoberepaired.Idaresay为习惯说法,意为“我想,大概”Idaresayshedarenotspeaktoherfatherinthismanner.在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能性。在含义上must语气最肯定,may表示不太肯定的可能性,而can表示理论上的可能性Thenewsmustbetrue.在否定句中只能用cannot/can’t和maynot。can’t(不可能)语气比maynot(可能不、也许不)更强Thenewscan’tbetrue.在疑问句中只能用can,不能用may和mustCanthenewsbetrue?should与oughtto可以表示对未来情况的一种期盼,常译为“按理应当”Heshould/oughttobehereontime—hestartedearly.考点八

情态动词表推测

考点九

情态动词+havedonecouldhavedone本可以Youcouldhavepassedtheexam,butyouweresocareless.can’t/couldn’thavedone不可能做过Icouldn’thaveenjoyedmyselfmore—itwasaperfectday.may/mighthavedone可能做过Sorry,I’mlate.Imighthaveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.musthavedone一定做过Thegroundiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.考点九

情态动词+havedoneshould/oughttohavedone本应该/竟然做过Look!Therearesomanymistakesinyourcomposition.Youshouldhavefixedfullattentiononit.needn’thavedone本不需要做Youneedn’thavegonetoschool,foritisSundaytoday.hadbetterhavedone当时最好做过Wehadbetterhaveremainedathomewhenourunclevisitedusthatday.wouldlike/lovetohavedone宁愿做过Iwouldliketohavehelpedyou,butIwastoobusythen.TaskDrawamapabouttheusageofmodalverb虚拟语气虚拟语气用于非真实条件句

从句谓语形式主句谓语形式例句与现在事实相反过去式(be动词用were)would/should/could/

might+动词原形IfIwereyou,Iwould

seizethechance.与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/

might+have+过去分词Ifyouhadtakenmyad-

vice,youwouldn'thavefailed.与将来事实相反①过去式②should+动词原形③wereto+动词原形would/should/could/

might+动词原形Ifheshouldn'tcome

tomorrow,wewouldput

offthemeeting.使用“(should+)动词原形”的虚拟语气1.用于宾语从句以下动词后的宾语从句常常使用虚拟语气,即谓语为“(should+)动词原形”

Theteacherrecommendedthateveryone(should)takeanactivepartintheEnglishparty.易错提示suggest作“暗示、表明”讲,

insist作“坚持说”讲,宾语从句的谓语动词不使用虚拟语气形式,而使用陈述语气。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.易错提示省略if的虚拟语气如果if从句中含有were/should/had时,则可以省略if,把这三个词置于句首,采用倒装语序。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgototheparty.→WereIyou,Iwouldgototheparty.Ifitshouldhappen,whatwouldyoudo?→Shouldithappen,whatwouldyoudo?Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.→Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.2.

用于主语从句Itisdesired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/

natural/apity/essential+that从句,

从句的谓语动词用“（should）+动词原形”,Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.Itisstrangethathe(should)havetreatedhisparentslikethat.3.

用于表语从句和同位语从句在suggestion、proposal、order、idea、request、advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,

谓语构成是“(should)+动词原形”Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoDalianforsightseeing.

虚拟语气在wish、asif、ifonly后的句子中条件从句谓语形式例句从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词同时发生过去式(be动词用were)Ifonly/HowIwishIwereaflyingbird!Helooksasifhewereanartist.从句谓语动词先于主句谓语动词发生had+过去分词IfonlyIhadseenthefilm!=HowIwishIhadseenthefilm!ShespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifshehadstayedinAmericaforalongtime.从句谓语动词后于主句谓语动词发生would+动词原形HelearnsEnglishsohardasifhewouldgototheU.S.A.他如此努力学习英语,好像他要去美国。虚拟语气在“wouldrather+that从句”中条件从句谓语形式例句对现在或将来的虚拟过去式(be用were)I'drathertheydidn'thearofthenews.对过去的虚拟had+过去分词I'dratherIhadnottoldhimthebadnews.虚拟语气在“Itis(high)time+that从句”中that从句谓语形式例句过去式或“should+动词原形”,且should不能省略Itis(high)timethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.Step5Exercise虚拟语气用于含蓄条件句中有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件从句,而

是通过其他手段来代替条件从句。Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn'thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp,...=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,...=Haditnotbeenfor

yourhelp,...Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.

Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothing

aboutit.Afewhoursearlier

(=Ifyouhadcomeafewhoursearlier),

youwouldhavebeenabletomeetthefamouswriter.单句填空1.IwishI_______________abletotellhimallaboutitlastnight.

2.IfI_______________(have)moretime,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.

3.TheJadeEmperororderedthattheMonkeyKing_______________(arrest)rightaway.

4.Themaninsistedthathe_______________(send)there.

5._______________(be)Iyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrellawithme.

6.Lookattheclock!It’s(high)timewe_______________(go)home.

7.Heorderedthework__________________(start)atonce.

8.I’dratheryou_______________(stay)athomealldaytoday.

hadbeenhadhad(should)bearrested(should)besentWerewent(should)bestartedstayed解题技法单句填空1．TheAntarcticaissomysteriouslydescribedbysomepeople.If