2018-2019学年Unit3-Under-the-Sea-训练卷-(二)教师版

此卷只装订不密封此卷只装订不密封班级姓名准考证号考场号座位号选修七Unit3Underthesea英语（二）注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。一、阅读理解（共7小题；每小题2分，满分14分）ATherearemanydangerousseacreaturesintheworld.Thefollowingaresomeexamples.Theneedlefisharecommonlyseenlivingnearthesurfaceoftropical(热带的)waters.Buttheycanalsobreakcoverthewater,andonceintheairtheycanbecomedangerousflyingswords.Thoughitisrare,peoplehavebeenseriouslyhurtandevenkilledbythefish.Nightfishermeninsmallboatsareatparticularriskbecausetheirlightsmayattractthefish.Saltwatercrocodilesaretheworld'slargestcrocodiles，sometimesreaching23feetinlengthandtopping2,200pounds.Yetthesecrocodileshuntquietly，lyinginwaitbelowshorelinewaterstoattackturtlesandthirstyanimalsthathavecometodrink.Saltwatercrocodileskillanumberofpeopleeachyear.Thereisnodoubtthatthegreatwhitesharksitsatoptheoceanfoodchain.Theworld'slargestfishcanweighatover5，000poundsandreachlengthsofmorethan20feet.Greatwhitesharkshaveabout3，000teeth，whichtheytypicallysinkintosealions，seals，andseaturtles.Thesesharksareresponsibleforathirdtoahalfofthe100sharkattacksonhumanseveryyear.Theseaanemone(海葵)maylooklikethebeautifulflowerforwhichit'snamed，butfishthatswimtooclosemayregretit.Theseaanemone，whichlivesontheseafloor，usesitspoisonoustentacles(触须)tostabpassingcreatureswithakindofpoison—makingthemhelplessandfittobeeaten.Thesurgeonfish(刺尾鱼)isanattractivereeffishthatispoisonous.Scientistsbelievethattheworld’sseasholdsome1,200differentsurgeonfishspeciesandthinkthattheyinjureabout50,000peopleperyear.Butthesurgeonfishpoisoncanalsobringgreatbenefit—theyareusefulinthedevelopmentofnewdrugs.1.Theunderlinedphrase“breakcover”inParagraph2probablymeans________.A.jumpoutofB.breakawayfromC.getawayfromD.gobackto2.Howmanyattacksonhumansdogreatwhitesharksdoeveryyear?A.About26.B.About45.C.About60.D.About75.3.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat________.A.thesaltwatercrocodilesaregentleandneverhurtpeopleB.theseaanemonelivesnearthesurfaceoftheseaC.thegreatwhitesharkisthelargestfishintheworldD.theneedlefishliveintheseaallaroundtheworld4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedtobenefithumansociety?A.Theneedlefish.B.Theseaanemone.C.Thegreatwhiteshark.D.Thesurgeonfish.【答案】1-4ABCD【解析】本文是说明文，介绍了5种危险的海洋生物。1.词义猜测题。根据后文“onceintheair”可知，needlefish在空中的时候会变成危险的飞剑，由此可以猜测画线短语的意思应该是“跳出(离)”之意。故选A。2.细节理解题。根据第四段“Thesesharksareresponsibleforathirdtoahalfofthe100sharkattacksonhumanseveryyear.”可知，大白鲨每年袭击人类次数大约为33～50次左右。故选B。3.细节理解题。根据第四段“Theworld'slargestfishcanweighatover5，000poundsandreachlengthsofmorethan20feet.”可知，大白鲨是世界上最大的鱼。故选C。4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“theyareusefulinthedevelopmentofnewdrugs”可知，刺尾鱼的毒可以制造药品，由此可知这种鱼可以造福人类社会。故选D。BThereisahugedemandforsharkfins(鳍)inAsiancountries.Asaresult,manysharksarecaughtandkilled.InPalau,wheremorethanhalfoftouristsaredrawnbydivingexcursions,eachreefsharkbringsinabout$179,000intourismrevenueannually,orabout$1.9millionduringitslifetime.Duetooverexploitationandlackofpropermanagement,manysharkspeciesareunderconsiderableriskofunrecoverabledeclinewithsomespecieshavingdeclinedtonearextinctioninrecentyears.Accordingtoreports,sharksarebeingkilledatanalarmingrateofupto273millionworldwideperyear.Someexpertspredictthatifthekillingcontinuesatthecurrentratemanysharkspecieswillbelostforever.Itcanbeverydangerous.Sharksareveryimportantandtheyshouldbeprotected.InastudyoftheeastcoastoftheUnitedStates,11speciesofsharkswereeliminatedfromtheirrange.Ofthe14speciesofoceanlifethatthosesharksusedtoeat,thepopulationsof12explodedandcausedgreatdamagetotheecosystem.Forexample,thecownoseray(鳐)populationwasnolongerkeptundercontrolbysharksandsogrewoutofcontrol.Asaresult,theraysdestroyedthepopulationofbayscallops(扇贝),theirfavoritefood.Thescallopfishery,whichhadbeeningoodconditionforover100years,waswipedout.Also,theremovalofthescallopsmostlikelyhadaneffectonwaterqualityastheywerenolongertheretoperformtheirfunctionofcleaningthewater.Sharksplayavitalroleintheoceansinawaythattheaveragefishdoesnot.Mostsharksserveastoppredatorsatthepinnacleofthemarinefoodpyramid,andsoplayacriticalroleinoceanecosystems.Directlyorindirectlytheyregulatethenaturalbalanceoftheseecosystems.Sharkstendtoeatveryefficiently,goingaftertheold,sick,orslowerfishinapopulation,keepingthatpopulationhealthy.Sharkshelpkeepmanypopulationsofoceanlifetotherightsizesothatthoseprey(猎物)speciesdon’tcauseharmtotheecosystembybecomingtoopopulated.Theoceanecosystemismadeupofverycomplexfoodwebs.Forthemostpart,sharksareatthetopofthesewebsandareconsideredbyscientiststobe"keystone"species,meaningthatremovingthemmaycausethewholestructuretofallapart,includingkeyfisheriessuchastunaandotherimportantfishspeciesthatmaintainthehealthofcoralreefs.Therefore,weshouldprotectsharksbecausedoingsoistoprotectthewholeecosystem.5.Theunderlinedword"eliminated"inParagraph3canbereplacedby"________".A.separatedB.removedC.forbiddenD.protected6.Afterthenumberofcownoseraysgreatlyincreased,________.A.waterqualityimprovedaswellB.bayscallopsgrewoutofcontrolC.thehealthofcoralreefsworsenedD.thelocalscallopfisherywasharmed7.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Whysharksarekilledworldwide.B.Whysharksshouldbeprotected.C.Howhumanskeeptheecosystembalanced.D.Howoceanlifeaffectstheecosystem.【答案】5-7BDB【解析】本文为说明文。鲨鱼在海洋生态系统中扮演着非常重要的角色，在鲨鱼数量急剧减少甚至消失的海域，海洋生态系统都遭到巨大破坏，因此，我们应该保护鲨鱼。5.考查词义猜测。根据画线词后面的“Ofthe14speciesofoceanlifethatthosesharksusedtoeat,thepopulationsof12explodedandcausedgreatdamagetotheecosystem”在这14种鲨鱼曾经吃过的海洋生物中的12种迅速扩大，并对生态系统造成了巨大的破坏。再根据“11speciesofsharkswereeliminatedfromtheirrange.”可知，11个鲨鱼物种已经从它们的范围中被消失，故划线词可用removed来代替。6.考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“thecownoseray(鳐)populationwasnolongerkeptundercontrolbysharksandsogrewoutofcontrol.牛鼻鳐不再受到鲨鱼的控制，因此增长失控。Asaresult,theraysdestroyedthepopulationofbayscallops(扇贝),theirfavoritefood.结果，鳐摧毁了海湾扇贝量。Thescallopfishery,whichhadbeeningoodconditionforover100years,waswipedout.一百年来一直保持良好状态的扇贝渔业被消灭了。可推知，由于鲨鱼的数量急剧减少甚至消失，原本是鲨鱼的食物的物种如牛鼻鳐的数量急剧增长，这让它们的食物扇贝遭到灭顶之灾，当地的扇贝遭到破坏。故选D。7.考查主旨大意。通读全文,尤其是第二段中的“Sharksareveryimportantandtheyshouldbeprotected”和最后一段“Therefore,weshouldprotectsharksbecausedoingsoistoprotectthewholeecosystem”可知，本文主要讲的是为什么要保护鲨鱼。故选B。二、单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）1.Ifyou_________(跳水)intosomewater,youjumpinhead-firstwithyourarmsheldstraightaboveyourhead.2.A_________(暂停)isashortperiodwhenyoustopdoingsomethingbeforecontinuing.3.Shestressedtheimportanceofgood_________(协作).4.Economicgrowthisstillboundtotheissuesofpoverty,socialjusticeand_________(保护).5.Thereisapolitical_________(方面)totheaccusations.6.Therewasonlya_________(狭窄的)gapbetweenthebedandthewall.7.Trythis_________(可口的)dishforsupperwithacrispysalad.8.Peopleare_________(害怕)tousethebuseslateatnight.9.ThechurchinIrelandhasalwaysexercisedan_________(令人敬畏的)power.10.Thefencemarksthe_________(分界线)betweenmypropertyandhers.【答案】1.dive2.pause3.teamwork4.conservation5.dimension6.narrow7.tasty8.scared9.awesome10.boundary三、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）Allofushavereadthrillingstories.Inmanyof__1__(they)theherohadonlya__2__(limit)andspecifiedtimetolive.Sometimesitwasaslongasayear;sometimesasshortastwenty­fourhours,__3__wewerealwaysinterestedin__4__(discover)justhowthedyingmanchosetospendhislastdaysorhislasthours.Suchstoriessetupthinking,wondering__5__weshoulddoundersimilarcircumstances.What__6__(happy)shouldwefindinreviewingthepast,andwhatregrets?Sometimes,Ihavethoughtitwouldbeanexcellentruletoliveeachday__7__ifweshoulddietomorrow.Suchanattitudewouldstress__8__(sharp)thevaluesoflife.Ihaveoftenthoughtitwouldbeablessingifeachhumanbeing__9__(be)strickenblindanddeafforafewdaysatsometimeduringhisearlyadultlife.Darknesswouldmakehim__10__(much)appreciativeofsight;silencewouldteachhimthejoysofsound.【答案】1.them2.limited3.but4.discovering5.what6.happiness7.as8.sharply9.were10.more【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要描述了作者对生活的感悟，即努力过好每一天，珍惜眼下的生活。1.考查代词。介词of后接人称代词的宾格形式。they的宾格为them。2.考查词性转换。此处limited和specified是并列关系，一起修饰time，所以填limit的形容词形式limited。3.考查连词。句意：有时长达一年，有时短到24小时，但是我们总是对发现垂死的人选择如何度过最后的时光或最后的几个小时感兴趣。根据语境可知，此处应用but表示转折。4.考查非谓语动词。固定搭配beinterestedin后接名词或动名词作宾语。故填discovering。5.考查宾语从句的连接词。动词wonder后的宾语从句中缺少动词do的宾语，所以用连接词what引导。6.考查词性转换。感叹句中，what修饰名词，happy的名词形式为happiness。7.考查固定搭配。句意：有时我想，把每天都当作生命的最后一天来度过也不失为一个很好的生命法则。asif是固定搭配，意为“似乎，好像”，符合语境。8.考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词stress。故填sharply，意为“大幅度地”。9.考查虚拟语气。句意：我常常想，如果每个人在他成年的早期有一段时间处于眼盲、耳聋的状态，那会是一种幸事。根据句意可知，本句为虚拟语气。根据主句中的谓语动词“wouldbe”可知，if从句中的谓语动词应用一般过去时，be动词一律用were。10.考查形容词的比较级。appreciative是多音节形容词，本句表示“黑暗让他更加感激光明”，应用形容词的比较级形式，故填more。四、单句改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）1.Theemptycupboardwasawitofhispoverty.2.Heishonestandhard-working,buthistwinbrotherjustdoesopposite.3.Youshouldnotfleeoutresponsibility.4.Thedocumenturgedtheuniversityintoallowwomentostudymedicineattheinstitution.5.Bynomeansshallweabandonsearchforthemissingplan.6.Hewasrushingbacktohelpthemoutofpoverty.7.Howmuchlongeristhinggoingtodragin?8.Waterwasfoundatthedeepof30feet.9.IlookedforWyman'spictureinmyhigh-schoolannually.10.Heisabandonedtoreadallkindofbooksinhissparetime.【答案】1.wit改为witness。2.opposite前加the。3.out改为from。4.into改为to或allow改为allowing。5.search改为searching。6.of前加out。7.in改为on。8.deep改为depth。9.annually改为annual。10.read改为reading。五、提纲类作文（满分25分）根据以下要点，加入适当过渡词，联句成篇。1.海洋生物对人们有益。2.许多海洋生物处于危险之中。它们面临各种威胁，比如，污染和过度捕捞。3.我们应该采取保护海洋生物的措施。___________________________________________________________________