福建省龙岩市一级校联盟2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题

龙岩市2023~2024年第一学期期末高二教学质量检查英语试题(考试时间：120分钟满分：150分)注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号、县区和科类填写在答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。2.第I卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。3.第II卷必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置，不能写在试卷上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。第I卷选择题(共95分)第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。1.Whatistheoriginalpriceofthebag?A.$145.B.$170.C.$200.2.Wherewillthemanprobablygofirst?A.Toahospital.B.Toapostoffice.C.Toasupermarket.3.Whattransportationdoesthemansuggestthewomantake?A.Thebus.B.Thetaxi.C.Thesubway.4.Whatistheman’sattitudetowardsthenewpolicies?A.Disapproving.B.Anxious.C.Supportive.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Anaturaldisaster.B.Newstandards.C.Abuilding.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。6.WhatisLyon’skeydemandforanapartment?A.Therent.B.Thelocation.C.Theequipment.7.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Lookforanewjob.B.Ridetoworkeveryday.C.FindinformationontheInternet.听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。8.WhatwillthemandonextFriday?A.Goonabusinesstrip.B.Attendawedding.C.Createaschedule.9.WhatisDylanremindedtodointheend?A.Prepareforthefamilyevent.B.Upgradetheputersystem.C.Submitaformalrequest.听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。10.Whatisthewoman?A.Acook.B.Aninterviewer.C.Amusiclover.11.Howdoesthemanremendhisheadphones?A.Bygivinganexample.B.Bylistingnumbers.C.Bymakingaparison.12.Whatwillthewomandotonight?A.Gotoaconcert.B.Takethetrain.C.Buyacooker.听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。13.Whydoesthewomanplantoquit?A.Thepayisdissatisfactory.B.Themanagerishardtogetalongwith.C.Theworkloadistooheavy.14.Inwhichdepartmentdoesthewomanprobablyworknow?A.Accountingdepartment.B.Secretarydepartment.C.Legaldepartment.15.Whatwillthewomandofirstaftershequits?A.Studyabroad.B.Goonatrip.C.Restathomeforamonth.16.Whatistheman’sattitudetowardsthewoman’sdecision?A.Understanding.B.Disappointed.C.Unconcerned.听下面一段对话，回答第17至第20四个小题。17.HowistheweatheronMonday?A.Rainy.B.Sunny.C.Cloudy.18.WhatarethelistenersadvisedtodoonThursday?A.Carryraincoatswiththem.B.Enjoyabeautifulsky.C.Takeanumbrellaatnight.19.Whichdayissuitableforoutdooractivities?A.Tuesday.B.Friday.C.Saturday.20.WhatisprobablyLisa?A.Ahostess.B.Aweatherwoman.C.Anadventurer.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AThispageprovidesinformationandguidanceabouthandsonlyCPRandCPRwithrescuebreathsforchildrenoveroneyearold.HandsonlyCPRTocarryoutachestpression(压缩):Placetheheelofyourhandonthebreastboneatthecentreoftheperson’schest.Placeyourotherhandontopofyourfirsthandandinterlockyourfingers.Positionyourselfwithyourshouldersaboveyourhands.Usingyourbodyweight(notjustyourarms),pressstraightdownby56cm(22.5inches)ontheirchest.Keepingyourhandsontheirchest,releasethepressionandallowthechesttoreturntoitsoriginalposition.Repeatthesepressionsatarateof100to120timesperminuteuntilanambulancearrivesoryoubeeexhausted.CPRwithrescuebreathsForchildrenoveroneyearold:Openthechild’sairwaybyplacingonehandonthechild’sforeheadandgentlytiltingtheirheadbackandliftingthechin.Removeanyvisibleobstructionsfromthemouthandnose.Pinchtheirnose.Sealyourmouthovertheirmouthandblowsteadilyandfirmlyintotheirmouth,checkingthattheirchestrises.Givefiveinitialrescuebreaths.Placetheheelofonehandonthecenteroftheirchestandpushdownby5cm(abouttwoinches),whichisapproximatelyonethirdofthechestdiameter.Thequality(depth)ofchestpressionsisveryimportant.Usetwohandsifyoucan’tachieveadepthof5cmusingonehand.Afterevery30chestpressionsatarateof100to120perminute,givetwobreaths.Continuewithcyclesof30chestpressionsandtworescuebreathsuntiltheybegintorecoveroremergencyhelparrives.1.What’sthefirststepofCPRwithrescuebreathsforchildren?A.Toblowintotheirmouth. B.Todo30chestpressions.C.Toclearsomethingblockingtheairway. D.Topushhandsdownonthechestby5cm.2.WhatcriticalstepdothetwoCPRshaveinmon?A.Toapplychestpressionsproperly.B.Tocallanambulancefortreatment.C.Toputoneselfinaparticularposition.D.Toblowsteadilyandfirmlyintothemouth.3.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Abusinessreport. B.Afashionmagazine.C.Anemergencybrochure. D.Atraveljournal.【答案】1.C2.A3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章提供了一岁以上儿童的人工心肺复苏和人工呼吸的信息和指导。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据CPRwithrescuebreaths标题下第二段“Removeanyvisibleobstructionsfromthemouthandnose.”（清除嘴和鼻子上任何可见的障碍物。）可知，儿童人工呼吸CPR的第一步是清除阻塞呼吸道的东西。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据HandsonlyCPR标题下第二段“ Placetheheelofyourhandonthebreastboneatthecentreoftheperson’schest.”（将你的手掌根放在对方胸部中央的胸骨上。）第五段“Usingyourbodyweight(notjustyourarms),pressstraightdownby56cm(22.5inches)ontheirchest.及CPRwithrescuebreaths”（利用你的身体重量(不仅仅是你的手臂)，在他们的胸部向下按压56厘米(22.5英寸)。）及标题下第三段“Placetheheelofonehandonthecenteroftheirchestandpushdownby5cm(abouttwoinches),whichisapproximatelyonethirdofthechestdiameter.”（将一只手的手掌根放在他们的胸部中央，向下推5厘米(约2英寸)，这大约是胸径的三分之一。胸外按压的质量(深度)非常重要。）可知，这两个CPR的共同之处是需要正确进行胸部按压。故选A项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“ThispageprovidesinformationandguidanceabouthandsonlyCPRandCPRwithrescuebreathsforchildrenoveroneyearold.”（本页提供了一岁以上儿童的人工心肺复苏和人工呼吸的信息和指导。）可知，本文出自一本应急手册。故选C项。BI’m62nowandalwaysplannedtovolunteerwitholderpeoplewhenIretired.TherewassuchabiggapinthecareandsupportthisgenerationreceivesandIfoundthethoughtheartbreaking—nooneshouldhavetofeellonelyandstuckathome.Istartedvolunteeringthreeyearsago.Myteamofvolunteershavesetupsevengroupsinourtown.Wehostteapartiesforthoseaged75andolderwholiveontheirownandregularlyprovidesupport,friendshipandpanionshipforthemostisolated(孤独的)olderpeopleinthemunity.Workingwithmyolderneighborsisrewarding.Toheartheirstoriesandthehardshipstheyhaveovereisinspiring.IfeellikeI’mmakingapositivedifferencetothelivesofolderpeoplebysharingmytimewiththem,helpingthemstayactiveandsocialandmakingcleartothemthattheyarevaluedbyourmunity.Asanareacoordinator(协调人),Ialsohelprecruit(招募)andmanagevolunteers,withoutwhomtheworkwouldbeimpossible.Somanygoaboveandbeyondwhat’sasked,offeringtime,energyandkindness,justbecausetheycare.I’vefoundenthusiasmfrompeoplemakingthelivesofourolderneighborsbetter,andtheyareaconstantsourceofinspirationforme.I’vemetamazingpeoplefromallwalksoflife.It’sthebestthingI’veeverdonethatenrichedmylife.Iwillkeepfocusingonreducinglonelinessandisolationamongtheelderlyandhelpingthemenjoytheoldagetheydeserve.4Whatinspiredtheauthortobeginvolunteering?A.Lonelinessandisolation. B.Loveforvolunteeringwork.C.Lackofsocialsupportfortheold. D.Olderneighbors’panionship.5.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhervolunteeringwork?A.Itismeaningful. B.Itgivesherconfidence.C.Itischallenging. D.Itreducesherloneliness.6.Howcanwedescribetheauthor?A.Considerateandspecialized. B.Inspiringandthoughtful.C.Supportiveandinnovative. D.Caringandacmodating.7Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph4referto?A.Managers. B.Volunteers.C.Coordinators. D.Seniorneighbors.【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要介绍了自己三年前开始从事志愿者工作，帮助孤独老人，帮助他们保持活跃和社交，作者还招募和管理志愿者，认为志愿者工作很有意义。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“I’m62nowandalwaysplannedtovolunteerwitholderpeoplewhenIretired.TherewassuchabiggapinthecareandsupportthisgenerationreceivesandIfoundthethoughtheartbreaking—nooneshouldhavetofeellonelyandstuckathome.(我现在62岁了，一直计划退休后为老年人做志愿者。这一代人得到的关怀和支持有如此大的差距，我觉得这种想法令人心碎——没有人应该感到孤独，被困在家里)”可知，老年人缺乏社会支持促使作者退休后开始为老年人做志愿者。故选C。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“IfeellikeI’mmakingapositivedifferencetothelivesofolderpeoplebysharingmytimewiththem,helpingthemstayactiveandsocialandmakingcleartothemthattheyarevaluedbyourmunity.(我觉得我与老年人分享我的时间，帮助他们保持活跃和社交，并向他们表明他们被我们的社区所重视，这对他们的生活产生了积极的影响)”以及最后一段中“I’vemetamazingpeoplefromallwalksoflife.It’sthebestthingI’veeverdonethatenrichedmylife.(我遇到了各行各业的了不起的人。这是我做过的最好的事情，丰富了我的生活)”可推知，作者认为自己的志愿者工作是有意义的，不仅丰富了作者自己的生活，而且帮助减少老年人的孤独和孤立，对他们的生活产生了积极的影响。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“I’m62nowandalwaysplannedtovolunteerwitholderpeoplewhenIretired.TherewassuchabiggapinthecareandsupportthisgenerationreceivesandIfoundthethoughtheartbreaking—nooneshouldhavetofeellonelyandstuckathome.(我现在62岁了，一直计划退休后为老年人做志愿者。这一代人得到的关怀和支持有如此大的差距，我觉得这种想法令人心碎——没有人应该感到孤独，被困在家里)”、第二段“Istartedvolunteeringthreeyearsago.Myteamofvolunteershavesetupsevengroupsinourtown.Wehostteapartiesforthoseaged75andolderwholiveontheirownandregularlyprovidesupport,friendshipandpanionshipforthemostisolated(孤独的)olderpeopleinthemunity.(我三年前开始做志愿者。我的志愿者团队在我们镇上成立了七个小组。我们为75岁及以上的独居老人举办茶会，并定期为社区中最孤独的老年人提供支持、友谊和陪伴)”以及最后一段中的“Iwillkeepfocusingonreducinglonelinessandisolationamongtheelderlyandhelpingthemenjoytheoldagetheydeserve.(我将继续致力于减少老年人的孤独和孤立，帮助他们享受他们应得的老年生活)”可知，作者关心老年人，参加志愿者团队，为孤独的老年人提供支持、友谊和陪伴，减少老年人的孤独和孤立，帮助他们享受他们应得的老年生活。由此可知，作者是一个关心他人，且乐于助人的人。故选D。【7题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段划线词所在句“I’vefoundenthusiasmfrompeoplemakingthelivesofourolderneighborsbetter,andtheyareaconstantsourceofinspirationforme.(我从那些让老邻居的生活变得更好的人身上发现了热情，他们是我不断的灵感来源)”可知，代词they指代句中的“peoplemakingthelivesofourolderneighborsbetter(让老邻居的生活变得更好的人)”，即上文“Ialsohelprecruit(招募)andmanagevolunteers,withoutwhomtheworkwouldbeimpossible.Somanygoaboveandbeyondwhat’sasked,offeringtime,energyandkindness,justbecausetheycare.(我还帮助招募和管理志愿者，没有他们，这项工作是不可能的。很多人会超越要求，提供时间、精力和善意，只是因为他们关心)”中所提到的volunteers“志愿者”。故选B。CWhenShakespearecalledagoodnight’srestthe“cureofhurtminds,”hewasreallyontosomething.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,“Mostdaysoreveryday”in2020,nearly15percentofAmericanadultshadtroublefallingasleepinthepreviousmonth.Soyou’realittlesleepy—nobigdeal,right?Wrong.A1999articleinthemedicaljournalTheLancetshowedanddecadesofresearchsuggestthat“sleepdebt”canhavesignificantharmfuleffectsonyourhealth.Happinessisthefirsttosuffer.Everyoneknowswhatitfeelsliketorunoninsufficient(不足的)sleep—youcanbefoggy,inattentive,andbadtempered.ApaperpublishedinthejournalHealthPsychologyin2020foundthattheparticipantswithoutenoughsleepexperiencedalesspositivemoodwhentheycameacrossquiteordinarystress,andsmallerincreasesinpositivemoodfrompleasantevents.Whenlackingsleep,peoplefeltannoyedmoreandeasier,andthingsfeellessfun.Moreseriously,sleeplosscancauseclinicaldepressionandanxiety.In2014,Australianscholarsstudyingyoungwomenfoundthatayearoffrequentsleepdifficultiespredictedtheonsetofdepressionandanxietyinlateryears.Someresearchershaveidentifiedlongtimesleepdebtasadisease—insufficientsleepsyndrome(ISS).Giventhereportedevidenceforhowwidespreadthesyndromeis,itmightevenbeclassedasanepidemic.Althoughnostudyhasyetestablishedaconnection,itseemsreasonabletothinkaboutwhetherthelongtermdeclinesinAmericanhappinessandincreasesinsocialconflictsmaybeconnectedtolossofsleep.Whetheryouareasleepdeprivedstudent,orworkaholic,orjustanoldfashionedinsomniac(失眠症患者),attendingtosleepisacriticalstrategyforhealthandhappiness.Andadjustingthisaspectofyourlifecouldbeoneofthebestthingsyoudoallyear.8.WhydoestheauthormentionShakespeare?A.ToshowShakespeare’swisdom.B.Tointroducethetopicofsleeploss.C.Tohighlightaserioushealthproblem.D.Togivereportedevidenceofsleepdebt.9.WhatdoesthepaperinHealthPsychologytellusaboutinsufficientsleep?A.Itmadepeoplefeelnegative. B.Itledtopooreyesight.C.Itcauseddepressionandanxiety. D.Itwasnotworthmuchconcern.10.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph4?A.Reductionofhappinessislinkedtosleeploss.B.Longtermlackofsleepisnotadisease.C.Sleepdebtmightaffectbothindividualsandthesociety.D.Insufficientsleepsyndromeisarecognizedepidemic.11.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthetext?A.Toconfirmsleeplossisadisease.B.Toadvocategettingsufficientsleep.C.Totacklewidespreadsleepproblem.D.Toprovehappinesssuffersfromsleepdebt.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了睡眠不足对人的健康产生重大的有害影响，并提倡充足的睡眠。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“WhenShakespearecalledagoodnight’srestthe‘cureofhurtminds,’hewasreallyontosomething.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,‘Mostdaysoreveryday’in2020,nearly15percentofAmericanadultshadtroublefallingasleepinthepreviousmonth.Soyou’realittlesleepy—nobigdeal,right?Wrong.A1999articleinthemedicaljournalTheLancetshowedanddecadesofresearchsuggestthat‘sleepdebt’canhavesignificantharmfuleffectsonyourhealth.(当莎士比亚把睡个好觉称为‘治愈心灵创伤’时，他确实说对了。根据最近的一项调查，在2020年的‘大多数日子或每天’，近15%的美国成年人在前一个月有入睡困难。你有点困，没什么大不了的，对吧？错了。1999年医学期刊《柳叶刀》上的一篇文章显示，几十年的研究表明，‘睡眠债’会对你的健康产生重大的有害影响)”可推知，作者提到莎士比亚所说的话是为了引出睡眠不足的话题。故选B项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“ApaperpublishedinthejournalHealthPsychologyin2020foundthattheparticipantswithoutenoughsleepexperiencedalesspositivemoodwhentheycameacrossquiteordinarystress,andsmallerincreasesinpositivemoodfrompleasantevents.Whenlackingsleep,peoplefeltannoyedmoreandeasier,andthingsfeellessfun.(2020年发表在《健康心理学》期刊上的一篇论文发现，睡眠不足的参与者在遇到相当普通的压力时，积极情绪的增加幅度较小，而在愉快的事件中，积极情绪的增加幅度也较小。当睡眠不足时，人们更容易感到烦恼，事情也不那么有趣)”可知，《健康心理学》上的论文告诉我们，睡眠不足让人们感到消极。故选A项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Someresearchershaveidentifiedlongtimesleepdebtasadisease—insufficientsleepsyndrome(ISS).Giventhereportedevidenceforhowwidespreadthesyndromeis,itmightevenbeclassedasanepidemic.Althoughnostudyhasyetestablishedaconnection,itseemsreasonabletothinkaboutwhetherthelongtermdeclinesinAmericanhappinessandincreasesinsocialconflictsmaybeconnectedtolossofsleep.(一些研究人员认为，长期睡眠不足是一种疾病——睡眠不足综合症。考虑到报道的证据表明这种综合症是多么普遍，它甚至可能被归类为一种流行病。虽然还没有研究确定两者之间的联系，但我们有理由去思考，美国人幸福感的长期下降和社会冲突的增加是否与睡眠不足有关)”可推知，我们可以从第4段中了解到，睡眠不足可能影响个人和社会。故选C项。【11题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Whetheryouareasleepdeprivedstudent,orworkaholic,orjustanoldfashionedinsomniac(失眠症患者),attendingtosleepisacriticalstrategyforhealthandhappiness.Andadjustingthisaspectofyourlifecouldbeoneofthebestthingsyoudoallyear.(无论你是一个睡眠不足学生，还是工作狂，或者只是一个老派的失眠症患者，注意睡眠都是健康和幸福的关键策略。调整你生活的这一方面可能是你一年中做的最好的事情之一)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是提倡充足的睡眠。故选B项。DWhatgoesoninourbrainswhenwedecidetohitthesharebutton,andwhatmakessomethinggoviral?SincethedawnoftheInternet,businesses,mediaoutletsandinfluencersalikehavebeentryingtoanswerthesequestions.Now,researchershaveeonestepclosertocrackingthismysteriousmodelbyshiningalightontheneuroscience(神经科学)ofviralcontent.“Ourstudyfindsawaytoobtainbrainsignalsthatwouldpredicthowmuchinformationgetsshared.”saidEmilyFalk,professorofmunication,psychologyandmarketingandHangYeeChan,alecturerofmunication.Theirnewstudy,publishedinProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesonOctober23,investigatedboththeU.S.andtheNetherlandsusingabroaderrangeofnewscategories—includinghealthandclimatechange.“Whenweseegreateractivationofregionsthattrackselfrelevance(Isitimportanttome)andsocialrelevance(IsitimportanttopeopleIknow),thenewsarticlesaremorelikelytobesharedwidely,”FalkandChansaid.Bystudyingthesebrainresponses,theteammanagedtobuildavaluebasedmodeltoaccuratelypredicthowwidelythearticleswouldbesharedonline.ThislinkbetweenbrainactivityandsharingwasseeninboththeAmericanandDutchparticipants,suggestingthatthismodelisaccurateacrosscultures.“Seeinghowpeople’sbrainsreactinsidethescannergivesusinsightintowhypeopleultimatelyshareinformationnowadays,”Chansaid.“Ifweunderstandthesesignals,wemightbeabletousethatknowledgetohelpimportantnewsgetsharedandstopmisinformationfromgoingviral.”Itisalsohelpfulforcontentcreatorstomaximizetheirreach.“Ourcurrentstudydemonstrateshowtappingintothebrainwouldhelpcontentcreatorsoptimizetheirmessages’influence,”FalkandChansaid.“Weareinterestedinbuildingontheseresultstodevelopwaystocounterharmfulinformationandfalsenews,inadditiontospreadinghighqualitycontent.”“Alotofourmostpressingproblemsinsocietyareinfluencedbythedecisionspeoplemake,andthedecisionswemakeareinfluencedbythenews.Whatyousharematters,andsounderstandingwhyyoushareitmatters,too.”12.Whatdoresearchersintendtodointheirstudy?A.Tofindawaytogetbrainsignals.B.Toworkoutamysteriousmodel.C.Touseabroadrangeofnewscategories.D.Topredicthowmuchinformationgetshared.13.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thebasisandprocessofthestudy.B.Thewaytopredictbrainactivation.C.Thepatternofavaluebasedmodel.D.Thereasonwhycertainnewsisshared.14.What’sthepotentialapplicationofthefindingofthestudy?A.Tosolvemosturgentproblems.B.Tounderstandwhyviralnewsmatter.C.Toinfluencethedecisionspeoplewillmake.D.Tobettertheefficiencyofpositivepublicity.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.HowtoShareaViralNewsB.HowtoObtainBrainSignalsC.HowCertainStudiesGetSharedD.HowBrainIdentifiesViralContent【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员通过神经科学的方法探究人们在分享内容时大脑的反应，以及这种反应如何影响内容的传播。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Whatgoesoninourbrainswhenwedecidetohitthesharebutton,andwhatmakessomethinggoviral?SincethedawnoftheInternet,businesses,mediaoutletsandinfluencersalikehavebeentryingtoanswerthesequestions.Now,researchershaveeonestepclosertocrackingthismysteriousmodelbyshiningalightontheneuroscience(神经科学)ofviralcontent.(当我们决定点击分享按钮时，我们的大脑是怎么想的?是什么让一些东西像病毒一样传播开来?自互联网出现以来，企业、媒体和有影响力的人一直在试图回答这些问题。现在，研究人员通过研究病毒内容的神经科学，离破解这个神秘的模型又近了一步)”可知，研究人员打算在他们的研究中找出一个神秘的模型。故选B项。【13题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段““Whenweseegreateractivationofregionsthattrackselfrelevance(Isitimportanttome)andsocialrelevance(IsitimportanttopeopleIknow),thenewsarticlesaremorelikelytobesharedwidely,”FalkandChansaid.Bystudyingthesebrainresponses,theteammanagedtobuildavaluebasedmodeltoaccuratelypredicthowwidelythearticleswouldbesharedonline.ThislinkbetweenbrainactivityandsharingwasseeninboththeAmericanandDutchparticipants,suggestingthatthismodelisaccurateacrosscultures.(Falk和Chan说：“当我们看到追踪自我相关性(对我重要吗)和社会相关性(对我认识的人重要吗)的区域更活跃时，新闻文章更有可能被广泛分享。”通过研究这些大脑反应，该团队成功建立了一个基于价值的模型，以准确预测文章在网上分享的范围。大脑活动和分享之间的这种联系在美国和荷兰的参与者身上都能看到，这表明这个模型在不同文化中都是准确的)”可知，本段主要讲述了研究的依据和过程。故选A项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ifweunderstandthesesignals,wemightbeabletousethatknowledgetohelpimportantnewsgetsharedandstopmisinformationfromgoingviral.(如果我们理解了这些信号，我们也许能够利用这些知识来帮助重要新闻得到分享，并阻止错误信息的传播)”以及“Weareinterestedinbuildingontheseresultstodevelopwaystocounterharmfulinformationandfalsenews,inadditiontospreadinghighqualitycontent.(我们有兴趣在这些结果的基础上，开发出对抗有害信息和虚假新闻的方法，同时传播高质量的内容)”可知，这项研究的潜在应用是提高正面宣传的效率。故选D项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whatgoesoninourbrainswhenwedecidetohitthesharebutton,andwhatmakessomethinggoviral?SincethedawnoftheInternet,businesses,mediaoutletsandinfluencersalikehavebeentryingtoanswerthesequestions.Now,researchershaveeonestepclosertocrackingthismysteriousmodelbyshiningalightontheneuroscience(神经科学)ofviralcontent.(当我们决定点击分享按钮时，我们的大脑是怎么想的?是什么让一些东西传播开来?自互联网出现以来，企业、媒体和有影响力的人一直在试图回答这些问题。现在，研究人员通过研究病毒内容的神经科学，离破解这个神秘的模型又近了一步)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员通过神经科学的方法探究人们在分享内容时大脑的反应，所以D项“HowBrainIdentifiesViralContent(大脑如何识别传播内容)”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Scientiststesttheirhypothesis(假设)eitherthroughexperimentorfieldworkandtheprocessisfilledwithchanges.Carryoutexperiments____16____.Youmakeasimplerscaleorsmallerscaleversionofthepartoftherealworldyouwanttostudy.Inanexperiment,ascientisttriestolookathowjustonethingaffectsthesubjecttheyareworkingon.Thedifficultpartiscreatinganenvironmentinwhichonlythatonethingchanges.Thatiswhyscientistsusetesttubes,andothersmall,enclosedsettingsfortheirexperiment.____17____.ConductfieldworkInfieldwork,ascientistgoesintoanuncontrolledenvironment,aspecificplaceintheworld,andrecordsexactlywhatisobservedthereatthetime.____18____.Sofieldworkisalmostalwaysnewandoriginal.Thedifficultpartwithfieldworkisthatwhileyouarerecordingyourobservations,youmustmakesurethatyouyourselfarenotinterfering(干涉)withyoursubjectsimplybybeingthere.Forinstance,youcannotcountbirdsinatreeifyouscareanyaway.____19____Scientistsarelikedetectives—theytrytosolvemysteries.Experimentsarepartofscientist’sdetectivekit.Whenyouwanttoproveatheorytrueorfalse,createanexperimentthatwilltestonethingyoucanobserve.Youhaveanideathatifyousetupacontrolledsituationandpurposelychangeonlyonething,thischangewillcausesomethingelsetohappen.____20____.Ifyourchangecausessomethingelsetohappen,this“somethingelse”iscalledtherespondingvariable,becauseitisrespondingtothechange.A.CreatevariablesB.WatchtheprocessC.YouarestudyingauniquesituationeverytimeD.ItismucheasiertocontrolthingsinsuchenvironmentsE.AndthethingyoupurposelychangeiscalledthechangingvariableF.Youfocusyourattentiononjustafewthings,insteadofoneverythingGExperimentalobservationsaremadeinacontrolledenvironmentthatyoucreate【答案】16.G17.D18.C19.A20.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家们验证他们的假设的一些方法。【16题详解】由下文“Youmakeasimplerscaleorsmallerscaleversionofthepartoftherealworldyouwanttostudy.Inanexperiment,ascientisttriestolookathowjustonethingaffectsthesubjecttheyareworkingon.Thedifficultpartiscreatinganenvironmentinwhichonlythatonethingchanges.Thatiswhyscientistsusetesttubes,andothersmall,enclosedsettingsfortheirexperiment.(你可以制作一个你想要研究的现实世界的更简单或更小的版本。在一项实验中，科学家试图观察一件事是如何影响他们正在研究的课题的。困难的部分是创造一个只改变一件事的环境。这就是为什么科学家们在他们的实验中使用试管和其他小的、封闭的环境。)”可知，科学家们会根据自己研究的课题，通过在实验室里创建一个自己能够控制的，比要研究的现实世界更简单或更小的环境来开展实验；G选项“Experimentalobservationsaremadeinacontrolledenvironmentthatyoucreate(实验观察是在你创造的受控环境中进行的)”符合语境。故选G。【17题详解】上文“Thedifficultpartiscreatinganenvironmentinwhichonlythatonethingchanges.Thatiswhyscientistsusetesttubes,andothersmall,enclosedsettingsfortheirexperiment.(困难的部分是创造一个只改变一件事的环境。这就是为什么科学家们在他们的实验中使用试管和其他小的、封闭的环境。)”说明做实验中最困难部分是创造一个只改变一件事的环境，因此科学家们在他们的实验中使用试管和其他小的、封闭的环境；D选项“Itismucheasiertocontrolthingsinsuchenvironments(在这样的环境中，控制事情要容易得多)”承接上文，指出科学家们在实验中使用试管和其他小的、封闭的环境能够让事情更容易控制，符合语境；代词“It”指代上文中的“usetesttubes,andothersmall,enclosedsettingsfortheirexperiment”。故选D。【18题详解】上文“Infieldwork,ascientistgoesintoanuncontrolledenvironment,aspecificplaceintheworld,andrecordsexactlywhatisobservedthereatthetime.(在实地工作中，科学家进入一个不受控制的环境，世界上一个特定的地方，并准确地记录下当时在那里观察到的东西。)”可知，在实地工作中，科学家进入一个不受控制的环境，记录在一个特定的地方当时观察到的东西，因此，每次研究的情况都是不同的，独特的；C选项“Youarestudyingauniquesituationeverytime(你每次都在研究一个独特的情况)”符合语境，且与下文“Sofieldworkisalmostalwaysnewandoriginal.(因此，实地工作几乎总是新颖的、原创的。)”构成因果关系。故选C。【19题详解】设空处为小标题；根据下文中“Whenyouwanttoproveatheorytrueorfalse,createanexperimentthatwilltestonethingyoucanobserve.Youhaveanideathatifyousetupacontrolledsituationandpurposelychangeonlyonething,thischangewillcausesomethingelsetohappen.(当你想证明一个理论是对还是错时，创建一个实验来测试你可以观察到的一件事。你有一种想法，如果你设置了一个可控的环境，故意只改变一件事，这个改变会导致其他事情的发生。)”以及“Ifyourchangecausessomethingelsetohappen,this“somethingelse”iscalledtherespondingvariable,becauseitisrespondingtothechange.(如果您的更改导致其他事情发生，则此“其他事情”称为响应变量，因为它正在响应变化。)”可知，本段主要阐述科学家通过创建变量来证明一个理论是对还是错，测试自己观察到的事情；A选项“Createvariables(创建变量)”能够概括本段主旨，适合作为小标题。故选A。【20题详解】上文“Youhaveanideathatifyousetupacontrolledsituationandpurposelychangeonlyonething,thischangewillcausesomethingelsetohappen.(你有一种想法，如果你设置了一个可控的环境，故意只改变一件事，这个改变会导致其他事情的发生。)”说明科学家想证明一个理论是对还是错时，会在一个设置好的环境中故意只改变一件事，而这个改变会导致其他事情的发生；E选项“Andthethingyoupurposelychangeiscalledthechangingvariable(你故意改变的东西叫做变化变量)”承接上文，告诉读者科学家故意改变的东西就是“变化变量”；下文“Ifyourchangecausessomethingelsetohappen,this“somethingelse”iscalledtherespondingvariable,becauseitisrespondingtothechange.(如果您的更改导致其他事情发生，则此“其他事情”称为响应变量，因为它正在响应更改。)”介绍了由于改变而导致发生的其他事情则是“响应变量（respondingvariable）”。由此可知，E选项符合语境。故选E。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。I’vealwaysbeencreativesinceIwasalittlegirl.Everydaywasanexcitingadventureof____21____inmychildhoodfilledwitharts,craftsandmusic.____22____,somewherealongthewayIlosttouchwithmycreativeself.At21,upongraduation,I____23____ajobatapany.Iwouldgototheoffice,sitatmydeskandrepeatthesamework.Thedayswerelongand____24____.Workingthiswayforoneyearwaspainfulenough.BeforelongIdecidedtomakea____25____.OnethingIhaddevelopedaninterestinwassewing,soI____26____asewingcourseatamunitycollege.Itwasonlyafiveweekcoursebutit____27____myinterestandgotmyconfidenceup.AsIdreamtbigger,laterI____28____aparttimedesigncourse.Itookclassestwonightsaweek.Althoughexhausting,itgavemeenergy,____29____andhappiness.Asitbecameclearerthat_____30_____waswheremylovelay,workingatthepanybecameharder.Ifeltbored.Noenergy,no_____31_____andzerofulfillment.Apparently,Ineededabiggerchange._____32_____,Imadea