上海市金山区2022年高三《英语》上学期期中试题与参考答案

上海市金山区2023年高三《英语》上学期期中试题与参考答案I.ListeningComprehension(25%)SectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.March.B.May.C.June.D.July.2.A.BycarB.Bybus.C.Bytrain.D.Onfoot.3.A.Chooseanewdentist.B.Curethepainbyherself.C.Makeanappointmentwithherdentist.D.Askfortherightwaytobrushherteeth.4.A.Abusdriver.B.Anairlineticketagent.C.Apostofficeclerk.D.Adepartmentstoresalesperson.5.A.Closethewindow.B.Preparetheirclothes.C.Lockthesuitcase.D.Callataxi.6.A.Takeadayofffromwork.B.Goandjointhepeopleintheoffice.C.Findmorepeopletohelpwiththemove.D.Movetoanewplaceatfreetime.7.A.Findalargerroom.B.Selltheoldtable.C.Buytwobookshelves.D.Rearrangesomefurniture.8.A.Hewantstospendmoretimewithhisfamily.B.Hedoesn’tthinkheiscapableofdoingthejob.C.Hethinksthepayistoolowtosupporthisfamily.D.Hedoesn’tenjoybusinesstripsasmuchasheusedto.9.A.Themaniswillingtohelpthewoman.B.Themanislosingpatiencewiththewoman.C.ThewomanwillletBobchatwiththeman.D.Themanhasalreadyfinishedhisproject.10.A.ThewomanbelievesthatPetercangiveupsmoking.B.Peterfindsiteasytogiveupsmoking.C.Peterhasnotgivenupsmoking.D.Peterhasconvincedthewomanthathecangiveupsmoking.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandoneconversation.Youwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassagesandfourquestionsfortheconversation.Thepassagesandconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Nowteleshoppingispopularinalmosteverycountryintheworld.B.PeoplecanshopthingsfromthebiggestEuropeancompanyonTV.C.Frenchmenspendabout$20millionayearbuyingthingsonTV.D.MoreTVchannelscanopenfortelebusinessinAmerica.12.A.TheyhavetostayathomeandwatchTV.B.Theythinkit’sanewwayofbuyingthings.C.Theyarenotsureaboutthequalityofthegoods.D.Theyworryaboutthesafetyoftheirpersonalinformation.13.A.Popularityofteleshopping.B.Advantagesofteleshopping.C.Futureofteleshopping.D.Convenienceofteleshopping.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Herweightwasaboveaverage.B.Shehadgoodmemory.C.Shegotastomachache.D.Shehadnotroublesleeping.15.A.Shedidn’ttakemedicineasthespecialistasked.B.Shewassensitivetowhatsheate,breathedandtouched.C.Sheavoidedsomeofthethingsthatmakeherhealthy.D.Herroommatescouldn’tunderstandherwell.16.A.ShehasgraduatedfromCambridge.B.Sheisnotconfidentaboutherfuturejob.C.SheplanstomovetoLondonandfindajobthere.DShehastodependonsleepingpillsatnight.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingdialogue.17.A.Theticketshavetobebookedinadvance.B.Itwillbeperformedat6p.m.C.Therewillbetwoperformances.DItwillbeonatthetheatre.18.A.ThePiazza.B.TheConcertHall.C.Thetheatre.D.TheTownHall.19.A.$8.B.$10.C.$15.D.$20.20.A.ArtExhibition.B.BalletPerformance.C.MaskParty.D.LivingTheatre.II.GrammarandVocabulary(20%)SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Speedingoffinastolencar,thethiefthinkshehasgotagreatcatch.Butheisgoingtoexperience____1____unwelcomesurprise.Thecarisfittedwitharemoteimmobilizer(锁止器),andaradiosignalfromacontrolcentermilesawaywillensurethat____2____thethiefswitchestheengineoff,hewillnotbeabletostartitagain.Theideagoeslikethis.Acontrolboxfittedtothecarcontainsamini-cellphone,amicro-processorandmemory,andaGPS(全球定位系统)satellitepositioningreceiver.Ifthecarisstolen,acodedcellphonesignalwilltellthecontrolcentertoblockthevehicle’senginemanagementsystemandpreventtheengine____3____beingrestarted.IntheUK,asetoftechnicalfixesisalreadymakinglifeharderforcarthieves.“Thepatternofvehiclecrimehaschanged,”saysMartynRandall,asecurityexpert.Hesays____4____wouldonlytakehimafewminutestoteachapersonhowtostealacar,usingabareminimumoftools.Butonlyifthecarismorethan10yearsold.Moderncarsaremuch____5____(tough)tosteal,____6____theirenginemanagementcomputerwon’tallowthemtostartunlesstheyreceiveauniqueIDcodebeamedoutbytheignition(点火)key.IntheUK,technologieslikethis____7____(help)achievea31%dropinvehicle-relatedcrimesince1997.Butdeterminedcriminalsarestillmanagingtofindotherwaystostealcars,oftenbygettingholdoftheowner’skeys.Andkeytheftisresponsiblefor40%ofthetheftsofvehiclesfittedwitha____8____(track)system.Ifthecartravels100metreswithoutthedriverconfirmingtheirID,thesystemwillsendasignaltoanoperationscentre____9____ithasbeenstolen.ThehundredmetresminimumavoidsfalsealarmsduetoinaccuraciesintheGPSsignal.Staffatthecentrewillthencontacttheowner_____10_____(confirm)thatthecarreallyismissing,andkeeppoliceinformedofthevehicle’smovementsviathecar’sGPSunit.【答案】1.an2.once3.from4.it5.tougher6.as7.havehelped8tracking9.that10.toconfirm【1题详解】考查冠词。句意：但他将经历一个不受欢迎的惊喜。根据句意表示泛指“一个不受欢迎的惊喜”，应用不定冠词来修饰，unwelcome首字母的发音为元音音素，故填an。【2题详解】考查连词。句意：这辆车配备了远程制动装置，来自数英里外控制中心的无线电信号将确保小偷一旦关闭引擎/如果关闭引擎/当关闭引擎时，就无法再次启动。根据句意可知，此处可以表示“一旦关闭引擎/如果关闭引擎”，可用once/if引导条件状语从句，也可表示“当关闭引擎时”，用when引导时间状语从句。故填once/if/when。【3题详解】考查介词。句意：如果汽车被盗，一个编码的手机信号会告诉控制中心关闭汽车的引擎管理系统，防止引擎重新启动。prevent…from“阻止……”为固定用法。故填from。【4题详解】考查代词。句意：他说，教一个人如何用最少的工具偷一辆车只需要几分钟。Ittakes/tooksb.+时间+todosth.意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”，it做形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语。故填it。【5题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：现代汽车更难被偷，因为它们的引擎管理计算机不允许它们启动，除非它们收到点火钥匙发出的唯一ID代码。根据句意和much可知，此处表示“现代汽车更难偷走”，所以空处为形容词比较级tougher。故填tougher。【6题详解】考查连词。句意：现代汽车更难被偷，因为它们的引擎管理计算机不允许它们启动，除非它们收到点火钥匙发出的唯一ID代码。根据句意可知，此处表示“因为”，应用连词as/because/since引导原因状语从句。故填as/because/since。【7题详解】考查时态。句意：在英国，自1997年以来，类似的技术已经帮助车辆相关犯罪下降了31%。根据“since1997”可知，本句为现在完成时，主语technologies是复数。故填havehelped。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：装有跟踪系统的车辆40%的失窃都是钥匙被盗造成的。本句为动名词作定语，trackingsystem意为“跟踪系统”。故填tracking。【9题详解】考查同位语从句。句意：如果汽车行驶100米而司机未确认身份，系统将向操作中心发送信号，表明汽车被盗。“ithasbeenstolen”为同位语从句，用来解释说明signal(信号)，且句意和句子结构完整，连接词为that。故填that。【10题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该中心的工作人员随后会联系车主，确认汽车确实丢失了，并通过汽车的GPS装置向警方通报车辆的动向。本句为动词不定式作目的状语。故填toconfirm。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.necessitiesB.decliningC.exploitedD.cheatingE.informalF.unbankedG.monitorH.withdrawalsI.scannedJ.increasinglyK.legally“Youcan’tpaycashhere”:howournewlycashlesssocietyharmsthemostvulnerableIthadtakensomuchforTina,47,togettothesupermarket;togohomeempty-handedleftherintears.Atthetill,thecheckoutassistant____11____Tina'sitemsandwavedhercashaway."Youcan'tpaycashinhere,"shetoldTina.Tinaisoneofthemanypeoplewhohavestruggledtopurchase____12____duringthecoronaviruspandemic,asretailers____13____refusetotakecash.TheUKhasbeenmovingtowardsacashlesseconomyforsometime,withATMusage_____14_____atabout6%to10%ayear.ButCovid-19superchargedthistransition."Duringlockdown,cash____15____fromATMsweredownabout60%,"saysNatalieCeeneyoftheAccesstoCashReview."That'sahugedrop."Butfortheapproximately1.2millionpeoplelivingintheUKwhoare____16____,buyingessentialsbecameaherculeanundertaking."PeoplewithoutlegalimmigrationstatusintheUKarenot_____17_____allowedtoopenabankaccount,"saysJamesTullettofthemigrantandrefugeecharityRamfel.Whenshopsrefusetotakecashfromthesepeople,theyarelikelytouse____18____services,whicharemoreopentobeing___19___,Tullettadds.Itisnotonlyunbankedpeoplewhowillhavestruggledduringthepandemic.Domesticabusesurvivorsoftensquirrelawayemergencycash.Manyabusers_____20_____banktransactions,leavingsurvivorsreliantoncash."Cashisreallythebicycleofpayments,"saysBrettScott,authorof'TheHeretic'sGuidetoGlobalFinance'."Weneedtohaveamultimodalformofpaymentsystems…cashandcardworkingtogether,justasbicycleandcarlanesgotogether."【答案】11.I12.A13.J14.B15.H16.F17.K18.E19.D20.G【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章指出在新冠疫情的影响下，在英国人们提取现金的次数急剧下降，零售商铺开始拒收现金，导致约120万没有合法移民身份的居民无法通过现金购买生活必需品。【11题详解】考查动词。句意：在收银台，收银员扫了Tina的东西，拒收了她的现金。这里描述的是超市收银的流程，先扫描商品的条形码，再付款，用scanned表示“扫描”。故选I项。【12题详解】考查名词。句意：Tina是新冠疫情期间购买生活必需品遇到困难的广大人群之一，就因为零售商合法地拒收现金。这里空白处作purchase的宾语，根据句意，应当指疫情期间购买必需品，用necessities表示。故选A项。【13题详解】考查副词。句意：Tina是新冠疫情期间购买生活必需品遇到困难的广大人群之一，就因为零售商越来越多地拒收现金。空白处修饰谓语动词refuse，根据句意，考虑副词increasingly，表示“越来越多地，逐渐”，即该现象越来越普遍。故选J项。【14题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：英国已经向无现金经济推进一段时间了，期间ATM的使用率每年下降6到10个百分点。根据atabout6%to10%ayear可知，人们对自动取款机的使用率应该是逐渐下降的，这里符合with复合结构，用现在分词declining表示“下降”。故选B项。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：疫情期间，从ATM取出的现金减少了约60%。根据fromATMsweredownabout60%，可知，这里用cashwithdrawals表示“现金取款”。故选H项。【16题详解】考查形容词。句意：但是对于居住在英国的约120万没有银行账户的人来说，购买必需品却难比登天。根据buyingessentialsbecameaherculeanundertaking.可知，这里所指的难以购买必需品、即只能现金支付的人，就是没有银行账户的人，用unbanked来表示，与下文中unbankedpeople呼应。故选F项。【17题详解】考查副词。句意：在英国没有合法移民身份的人，依法是不允许开银行账户的。空白处修饰谓语动词isallowed，考虑副词，根据句意，要用legally表示“合法地”。故选K项。【18题详解】考查形容词。句意：当商铺拒收这些人的现金时，他们可能会用一些非正式的服务，而这些服务更容易出现诈骗。既然正当的现金支付不被接受，人们应该会选择不正式、不正当的途径，这里用informal表示“非正式的”。故选E项。【19题详解】考查动词。句意：当商铺拒收这些人的现金时，他们可能会用一些非正式的服务，而这些服务更容易出现诈骗。根据theyarelikelytouse8services，可知，不太正当的途径缺少监管，自然容易发生诈骗等现象，这里用cheating表示“欺骗，诈骗”。故选D项。【20题详解】考查动词。句意：很多施虐者都监控着银行交易，使得幸存者依赖现金。从状语部分内容来看，这里指家庭暴力中强势的一方管控、监控着银行账户，用monitor表示“监控”。故选G项。Ⅲ.ReadingComprehension(45%)SectionA(15%)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Wehavebeenputtingsmartwomenonthecouchfor40yearswithoutmakingfulluseoftheirtalent.Todaytheportionoftopjobsthatgotowomenisstill____21____low.Whyaren’tmorewomenrunningthingsinAmerica?Itisn’tforlackofambitionorqualifications.Thereal____22____togettingmorewomentothetopisthedifficultissueoftimecommitment:Today’stopjobsinmajororganizations____23____60-plushoursofworkaweek.Isn’tittoomuch?Butforbusinessesandreformersareseriousaboutmakingtheircompanies____24____forthelargenumberofAmericantalentedwomen,herearethreewaystohandleit.Re-thinktime.Wecanbreakawayfromthe____25____thathigh-levelworkcanbedoneonlybypeoplewhoworkextratime.Maybeworkingtimecanbeshortenedbysettingtherightamountofworkthatneedstogetdone.Seniorrolesshouldactuallybeeasiertoadaptinthiswaybecausehighlypaidpeoplehavethedesiretogiveupsome____26____inordertoworkless.Availabilitymatters.It’simportanttodifferbetweenavailabilityandabsolutetimecommitment.Manyprofessionalwomenwould____27____agreetocheckemailsevendaysaweekandcometooffice,ifnecessary,foranintenseproject—solongasoverthecourseofayear,thetimedevotedtoworkismore____28____.Managersneedtoknowthat24/7availabilityisnotthesamethingasa24/7____29____.Qualityisthegoal,notquantity.Leadersneedtocreatea_____30_____inwhichtalentedpeoplearejudgednotbythequantityoftheirwork,butbythequalityoftheir_____31_____.Onewhoworks20hoursaweekandwhodeliversexceptionalresultsonaprorata(摊派)basisshouldbequalifiedfor_____32_____andviewedasatopperformer.“Devotion”mayhelptalentedwomenwhocanlivewiththewaythattopjobsrequiretoday—andifthat’stheir_____33_____,givemorepowertothem.Butonlyasmallpercentageofwomenwillchoosethisroute.Untiltherestofusgetseriousabout_____34_____thepresentwaythatworkgetsdoneinAmericancorporations,wecanonlycomplainaboutthe_____35_____ofitallwhilechangingalmostnothing.21.A.shockingly B.probably C.relatively D.consequently22.A.desire B.barrier C.challenge D.solution23.A.promise B.suggest C.exceed D.demand24.A.cautious B.grateful C.inevitable D.hopeful25.A.myth B.corporation C.executive D.novelty26.A.time B.income C.freedom D.promotion27.A.happily B.reluctantly C.hesitantly D.rapidly28.A.expected B.paid C.limited D.excluded29.A.workload B.ambition C.management D.performance30.A.regulation B.situation C.civilization D.culture31.A.responsibilities B.contributions C.donations D.commitments32.A.devotion B.supervision C.promotion D.employment33.A.path B.advantage C.principle D.choice34.A.altering B.considering C.criticizing D.fighting35.A.competition B.pressure C.injustice D.cruelty【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.D25.A26.B27.A28.C29.A30.D31.B32.C33.D34.A35.C【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是美国职场女性占比很少，以及公司想要招进有才能女性的三个办法。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：如今，女性担任高级职位的比例仍然低得惊人。A.shockingly惊人的；B.probably可能地；C.relatively相对地；D.consequently因此。根据“Wehavebeenputtingsmartwomenonthecouchfor40yearswithoutmakingfulluseoftheirtalent.”和still可知，女性担任高级职位的比例惊人的低。故选A。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：让更多女性进入高层的真正障碍是时间投入的难题：如今大型机构的高层职位要求每周工作60小时以上。A.desire渴望；B.barrier障碍；C.challenge挑战；D.solution解决方案。根据“Today’stopjobsinmajororganizationsdemand60-plushoursofworkaweek.”可知，女性进入高层的很少，障碍是缺乏时间保证。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：让更多女性进入高层的真正障碍是时间投入的难题：如今大型机构的高层职位要求每周工作60小时以上。A.promise许诺；B.suggest建议；C.exceed超过；D.demand要求。根据“60-plushoursofworkaweek.”和常识可知，工作要求时间保证。故选D。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但对于企业和改革家们来说，要让他们的公司对美国大量有才华的女性抱有希望，这里有三种方法可以解决这个问题。A.cautious谨慎的；B.grateful感激的；C.inevitable不可避免的；D.hopeful有希望的。根据“herearethreewaystohandleit.”可知，通过三种方法可以让企业和改革者对大量有才华的美国女性到公司工作抱有希望。故选D。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以打破高层工作只能由加班的人来完成的神话。A.myth神话；荒诞的说法；B.corporation公司；C.executive行政主管；D.novelty新奇。根据“thathigh-levelworkcanbedoneonlybypeoplewhoworkextratime.”可知，我们需要打破这种固有荒诞的说法。故选A。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：高级职位实际上应该更容易适应这种方式，因为高薪人士希望放弃一些收入，以减少工作时间。A.time时间；B.income收入；C.freedom自由；D.promotion提升。根据“inordertoworkless.”可知，高收入的人宁愿减少收入来减少工作时间。故选B。【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：只要一年的工作时间比较有限，许多职业女性都会欣然同意每周7天查收邮件，如果有必要，也会来办公室处理紧张的项目。A.happily快乐地；B.reluctantly不情愿地；C.hesitantly犹豫不决地；D.rapidly迅速地。根据“solongasoverthecourseofayear,thetimedevotedtoworkismore____8____.”可知，只要一年的工作时间比较有限，很多女性都乐意随时可以从事工作。故选A。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：只要一年的工作时间比较有限，许多职业女性都会欣然同意每周7天查收邮件，如果有必要，也会来办公室处理紧张的项目。A.expected期望；B.paid支付；C.limited限制；D.excluded排除。根据“It’simportanttodifferbetweenavailabilityandabsolutetimecommitment.”可知，女性当然期待时间越有限越好。故选C。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：经理们需要知道，7天24小时都有空和7天24小时的工作量可不一样。A.workload工作量；B.ambition抱负；C.management管理；D.performance表现。根据“24/7availability”可知，这里与availability相对应，指工作量。故选A。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：领导者需要创造一种文化，在这种文化中，衡量人才的标准不是工作的数量，而是贡献的质量。A.regulation管理；B.situation状况；C.civilization文明；D.culture文化。根据“inwhichtalentedpeoplearejudgednotbythequantityoftheirwork,butbythequalityoftheir____11____.”可知，这里说的是企业文化。故选D。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：领导者需要创造一种文化，在这种文化中，衡量人才的标准不是工作的数量，而是贡献的质量。A.responsibilities责任；B.contributions贡献；C.donations捐赠；D.commitments承诺。根据“notbythequantityoftheirwork,”可知，为企业工作就是一种贡献。故选B。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每周工作20个小时并按比例取得优异成绩的员工应该有资格获得晋升，并被视为表现最好的员工。A.devotion奉献；B.supervision监管；C.promotion提升；D.employment雇佣。根据“Onewhoworks20hoursaweekandwhodeliversexceptionalresultsonaprorata(摊派)basis”可知，这样的员工应该被晋升。故选C。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“奉献”可能会帮助有才华的女性，让她们能够适应当今高层职位所要求的生活方式——如果这是她们的选择，那就给她们更多的权力。A.path道路；B.advantage优势；C.principle原则；D.choice选择。根据““Devotion”mayhelptalentedwomenwhocanlivewiththewaythattopjobsrequiretoday”可知，如果女性选择这样做，那就给她们更多的权力。故选D。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们其他人认真考虑改变美国企业目前的工作方式之前，我们只能抱怨这一切的不公，而几乎什么都改变不了。A.altering改变；B.considering考虑；C.criticizing指责；D.fighting奋斗。根据“whilechangingalmostnothing.”可知，美国这样的工作方式急需改变。故选A。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们其他人认真考虑改变美国企业目前的工作方式之前，我们只能抱怨这一切的不公，而几乎什么都改变不了。A.competition竞争；B.pressure压力；C.injustice不公正；D.cruelty残忍。根据文章开头“Todaytheportionoftopjobsthatgotowomenisstillshockinglylow.”可知，美国公司目前的工作方式男女员工方面是不公正的。故选C。SectionB(22%)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Comparativelyfewfresh-waterspeciesoffishesarelimitedintheirdistributiontoasingleriversystem,yetnotmanyarefoundonbothsidesofahighmountainridge,suchastheRockyMountainsinNorthAmerica.Thatistosay,thefishesoftheMississippiValleyaregenerallydifferentfromthoseofthePacificslope.Whileitisawell-knownfactthatthefishlifeinnotworiversystems,eventhoughtheyemptyintotheseaonthesamesideofadivide,isexactlyidentical,suchstreamsdohavemanyspeciesincommon.TheprincipalriversoftheAtlanticslopeoftheUnitedStates,forexample,containseveralspeciescommontoallofthem,includingthebullheadcatfish,thebluegillsunfish,andthelargemouthbass.Noneofthesespeciescanenduresaltwater,sotheycannotmovefromoneriversystemtoanother.Ontheotherhand,themorenorthernstreamscontainspeciesnotfoundinthesouthernones,andviceversa.Thecommonpike,forexample,isfoundintheAtlanticstreamsfromMarylandnorthward,andthebrooktroutandyellowperchoccuronlyinthestreamsfromNorthCarolinasouthward.Howthepresentdistributioncameaboutmustremainamatterofquest.Itisquiteprobablethatsomeofthestreams,includingthoseonoppositesidesofadivide,mayhavebeenconnectedatonetime.Again,streamsmaybeentirelyseparateduringnormalweather,butanexceptionallyheavyrainfallorthesuddenmeltingofsnowintheuplandssometimescausesfloodswhichmayformatemporaryconnectionbetweenthem,providingapassagewayforfishes.Itisalsopossiblethatwaterbirdsmayaccidentallycarryfishorspawn(卵)fromonestreamtoanother,orthatmanmaybeinstrumentalinsuchatransfer.36.ThefishesintheAtlanticslopecannotmovefromoneriversystemtoanotherbecause________.A.thereisnocanallinkingdifferentriversB.fishescannotswimbywayoftheAtlanticC.differentriversdonothavethesamesaltcontentD.differentfishesneeddifferentrivers37.WhatisNOTthereasonforthesamefishtobefoundindifferentrivers?A.Differentriversmayhavebeenlinkedtoeachotherinthepast.B.Floodscarriedfishfromonerivertoanother.C.Birdscarriedfishfromplacetoplace.D.Earthquakemayhavecausedlinksbetweenrivers.38.“manmaybeinstrumentalinsuchatransfer”inthelastsentencemeans________.A.manmayuseinstrumentstotransportfishB.themovementoffishdoesn’tdependonhumaninstrumentsC.itisbecauseofmanthatfishcanmovefromonerivertoanotherD.itisthroughman’stoolsthatfishcanmovefromonerivertoanother39.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?A.FishDistributionandtheReasons.B.WhyDifferentRiversHavetheSameFishes.C.DifferentFishesinDifferentRivers.D.SimilarFishesinDifferentRivers.【36~39题答案】【答案】36.C37.D38.C39.A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国的淡水鱼如何分布在美国的各个河流里，科学家们正在探究这种分布产生的原因。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段第三句话“Noneofthesespeciescanenduresaltwater,sotheycannotmovefromoneriversystemtoanother.(这些物种都不能忍受咸水，因此它们不能从一个水系迁移到另一个水系)”可推知，美国大西洋斜坡的主要河流中几种常见的鱼类不能从一个水系迁移到另一个水系的原因是它们不能忍受咸水，说明不同的河流的含盐量和它们所在河流的含盐量是不同的。故选C。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段二、三、四句话“Itisquiteprobablethatsomeofthestreams,includingthoseonoppositesidesofadivide,mayhavebeenconnectedatonetime.Again,streamsmaybeentirelyseparateduringnormalweather,butanexceptionallyheavyrainfallorthesuddenmeltingofsnowintheuplandssometimescausesfloodswhichmayformatemporaryconnectionbetweenthem,providingapassagewayforfishes.Itisalsopossiblethatwaterbirdsmayaccidentallycarryfishorspawn（卵）fromonestreamtoanother,orthatmanmaybeinstrumentalinsuchatransfer.(一些溪流，包括分水岭两侧的溪流，很可能曾经连接在一起。同样，在正常天气下，溪流可能完全分开，但异常强的降雨或高地上突然融化的雪有时会导致洪水，洪水可能会在溪流之间形成临时连接，为鱼类提供通道。水鸟也可能意外携带鱼类或卵从一条流到另一条流，或者人可能在这种转移中起了作用)”可知，同样的鱼在不同的河流中被发现的原因包括“过去，不同的河流可能彼此相连，洪水把鱼从一条河带到另一条河，水鸟也可能意外携带鱼类或卵从一条流到另一条流。”，所以“地震可能造成了河流之间的联系”不是同样的鱼在不同的河流中被发现的原因。故选D。【38题详解】句意猜测题。根据本段第一句话“Howthepresentdistributioncameaboutmustremainamatterofquest.(目前的分布是如何产生的，这仍然是一个有待探索的问题)”可知，这一段主要介绍了同样的鱼在不同的河流中被发现的可能原因，其中包括“过去，不同的河流可能彼此相连，洪水把鱼从一条河带到另一条河，水鸟也可能意外携带鱼类或卵从一条流到另一条流”以及人也可能把鱼从一个河流带到另个一河流。所以这句话的意思为“正是因为人类，鱼才能从一条河到了另一条河”。故选C。【39题详解】主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了美国的淡水鱼如何分布在美国的各个河流里，以及科学家们正在探究这种分布产生的原因。所以“鱼类分布及其原因”为本文的主旨大意。故选A。(B)GrayLineDiscoverBrisbaneandsurroundswithGrayLineBrisbane.Theirwiderangeoftoursinair-conditionedcoaches,combinedwiththeguide’sexpertknowledge,ensuresadaytoremember.BrisbaneCityMorningTour(tourB481)Departs:daily9:00am.Returns:11:45am.AdultConcessionChild$69$67$45Discoverthisvibrantcitywithitscharmingarchitecture,colonialhistoryandenjoythesweepingviewsofthecityandBrisbaneRiverfromKangarooPointCliffs.·CathedralSquare·ParliamentHouse·Windmill·AnzacSquare·CityHall·Chinatown·CaptainCookandStoryBridgeBrisbaneHighlightswithKoalaSanctuary(tourB492)Departs:daily1:15pm.Returns:5:00pm.AdultConcessionChild$76$74$54TourthehighlightsofBrisbaneandtraveltoLonePineKoalaSanctuarysituatedonthebanksoftheBrisbaneRiverforachancetogetupcloseandpersonalwiththeanimals.·QueenStreetMall·Southbank·AnzacSquare·SuncorpStadium·Brewery·LonePineKoalaSanctuaryandpresentation·MtCoothaLookoutSunshineCoastandNoosa(tourB464)Departs:Monday,Wednesday,FridayandSunday8:45amReturns:5:30pm.AdultConcessionChild$111$106$72TheSunshineCoastisrenownedforitsmagnificentseaside,sophisticatedlifestyle,diningexperienceandshopping.AlsoincludesavisittoUnderwaterWorldandadrivethroughEumundi,famousforitshistoricbuildingsandscenicbeauty.NoosaHeads·Mooloolaba·UnderwaterWorld·EttamogahPubSunshineCoastandMontville(tourB410)Departs:Tuesday,ThursdayandSaturday8:45am.Returns:5:30pm.AdultConcessionChild$107$102$67ThistourtakesyouthroughtherichheritageofthespectacularSunshineCoasthinterlandwithvisitstoMontvillefamousforitscraftshopsandrestaurants,andMooloolaba.hometoUnderwaterworld·GingerFactory·Superbee·MontvilleVillage·MooloolabaPriceincludesfullyair-conditionedtouringentryfeesandCBDhotelpickup.Childpolicy:under4years－freeofcharge,4-14years－asquotedabove.Exclusiondate25/12/16(forotherdatespleasecheckwithyourconsultant).40.Ifyouwishtocompletetwotoursinoneday,youwouldprobablychoose_________.A.SunshineCoastandMontvilleTourandBrisbaneHighlightswithKoalaSanctuaryTourB.BrisbaneCityMorningTourandBrisbaneHighlightswithKoalaSanctuaryTourC.BrisbaneCityMorningTourandSunshineCoastandNoosaTourD.SunshineCoastandNoosaTourandSunshineCoastandMontvilleTour41.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.VisitorsmaylearnthecolonialhistoryofBrisbaneRiverfromKangarooPointCliffs.B.VisitorsmayhaveacloselookatanimalsinSunshineCoastandNoosaTour.C.IfyouwanttovisitUnderwaterWorld,youmaychooseBrisbaneCityMorningTour.D.If2adultsand2children,aged3and9,attendtourB410,theyshouldpay$281.42.Whatisthetoneofthistourguideinformationbooklet?A.Welcomingandhumorous. B.Warmandinviting.C.Modestandinitiative. D.Casualandcompulsory.【答案】40.B41.D42.B【导语】本文是应用文，属于广告类阅读。主要向我们介绍了几个旅游景点，详细地说明了每个地方的美景、出发日期和售价。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据“BrisbaneCityMorningTour(tourB481)Departs:daily9:00am．Returns:11:45am”及“BrisbaneHighlightswithKoalaSanctuary(tourB492)Departs:daily1:15pm.Returns:5:00pm”可知，如果想一天完成两个旅行应选BrisbaneCityMorningTour和BrisbaneHighlightswithKoalaSanctuaryTour。故选B。【41题详解】细节理解题。表格最后一部分中“Childpolicy:under4years—freeofcharge(儿童政策：4岁以下——免费)”可知四岁以下孩子免费，由D选项中的“tourB410”可定位到SunshineCoastaandMontville(tourB410)下“Adult$107Child$67(成人$107，孩童$67)”可知，因此所需费用为107*2+67=281，所以D正确。故选D。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据文中“air-conditionedcoaches,combinedwiththeguide’sexpertknowledge(空调车厢，结合导游的专业知识)”、“charming(迷人的)”、“magnificent(壮丽的)”、“spectacular(壮丽的)”等词可知，这个旅游信息手册的内容是温暖的，吸引人的。故选B。(C)“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,”wroteQueenLiliuokaiani.Hawaii’slastreigningmonarch,in1897.StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity’sviewofthecosmos.AtissueistheTMT’splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld’smostpowerfultelescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea’speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet’sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectforsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastrono