Unit4-高一英语单元速记巧练（人教版2019）（原卷版）

Unit4SpaceExplorationUnit4话题太空探索词汇disappointeddesireindependentsignallackbeyondkeenargueargueattachprocedurevehicleuniverselaunchmankindrecyclecurrentsufficientglobefatalshallowpatternmonitorresourcelimited短语carryonresultinprovideforsbrunoutbecuriousaboutcarryononboardmakegreatprogressinthehopeofdoingsthgetoutofsoasto(dosth)figureoutawasteoftimeandmoneyresultinsaresultprovideforsbinclosingrunout句型So/such…thatIttakessbsometimetodosthbe+adj+enoughtodosth语法不定式做定语和状语写作邀请信考点1.Afterwards,theUSSRfocusedonsendingpeopleintospace,andon12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace．在那之后，苏联集中精力把人类送入太空，于1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。[剖析]不定式短语togointospace作后置定语，修饰thefirstperson，被修饰词与之构成逻辑上的主谓关系。拓展“序数词(+名词)todo(sth)”结构若主语和不定式为主谓关系，则不定式用主动形式 若主语和不定式为动宾关系，则不定式用被动形式 经典练单句语法填空①Ihatebeingthelastone________(arrive)atameeting.②In2017,theBankofChinaopenedabranchinSerbia,beingthefirstChinesebank________(operate)inthecountry.能力提升单句表达③我是家里第一个去上大学的人。Iwasthefirstinmyfamily___________________________________________.考点2．disappointedadj.失望的；沮丧的拓展disappointedadj.失望的;沮丧的bedisappointedat/about/with...对……失望 disappointvt.使失望disappointingadj.令人失望的(往往修饰物)disappointmentn.失望toone's(great)disappointment使某人(非常)失望的是经典练单句语法填空①Hewasso________(disappoint)thathedroveoffinahuff.②Herexpressionshowedher________(disappoint).③Theresponsetoouradvertisementhasbeensomewhat________(disappoint)．能力提升单句表达④令我非常沮丧的是，他决定离开。____________________，hedecidedtoleave.⑤他们对比赛结果极为失望。Theywerebitterly________________________________．考点3．desiren．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望拓展desiren.渴望;欲望havenodesiretodosth不想做某事satisfyone'sdesirefor...满足某人对……的欲望atsb'sdesire应某人的要求 aburning/strongdesiretodosth做某事的强烈愿望Desirev渴望期望desiretodo渴望做……desireforth渴望(得到)某物leavemuchtobedesired令人不满意;还有许多待改进之处leavenothingtobedesired完美无缺经典练单句语法填空①Thereisastrongdesire________peaceamongthepeople.②Severalpeoplehaveexpressedadesire________(see)thereport.③Ifyoudesire________(challenge)yourself,thereisnothingtodowithothers'thoughts.能力提升单句表达④我不想惹任何麻烦。________________________anytrouble.4．carryon继续做，坚持干拓展表示“继续做某事”的短语carryondoingsth goonwithsth carryon(with)sth goondoingsth continuedoing/todosth keep(on)doingsth 经典练单句语法填空①Hesaidnothingbutjustwenton________(work)．②Canthehumanracecarry________expandingandgrowingthesamewaythatitisnow?③It'ssaidthatastheboatwentdownthebandcontinued________(play)．能力提升单句表达④她的勇敢激发了他继续生活和工作下去的意愿。Herbraveryhasgivenhimthewillto________________________________．考点5．independentadj.独立的；自立的拓展independentadj.独立的;自立的 anindependenttelevisionstation 一家独立的电视台 independentlyadv.独立地;自立地independencen:独立depend.v依靠;依赖 dependon依靠Italldepends.看情况来定。 dependencen.依靠;依赖经典练单句语法填空①Havingajobgivesyoufinancial________(independent)．②Eachpartoftheorganizationoperates________(independent)oftheothers.能力提升单句表达③离家上大学使我变得独立自主得多。Goingawaytocollege______________________________________________.考点6．signalvt.&vi.标志着；标明；发信号n.信号；标志拓展signalvt.&vi.标志着;标明; 发信号signaltosbtodosth示意某人做某事 signaln.信号;标志give/sendasignal发出信号asignalof……的信号 strongsignal强信号经典练单句语法填空①Chestpainscanbeawarningsignal________heartproblems.②Shesignalled________Tedthatshewasmovingforward.能力提升单句表达③她示意孩子们进来。She______________________________________________________________.考点7．lackn.缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏拓展Lackn.缺乏;短缺alackofconfidence缺乏信心Lackvt.没有;缺乏 lackofsleep缺乏睡眠 forlackof由于缺少… lackconfidence缺乏自信 lackingadj.缺乏;belackingin缺乏 经典练单句语法填空①Certainvitalinformationislacking________thereport.②Theywereexhaustedfromlack________sleep.能力提升单句表达③她唯一的问题是缺乏自信。Heronlyproblemis____________________．考点8．beyondprep.在更远处；超出拓展beyondprep.在更远处;超出bebeyondsb某人无法理解beyondone'sability;非某人所能及超出某人的能力 beyonddescription无法描述beyondone'sreach某人够不着beyondcontrol无法控制 beyondpare无可比拟 beyondbelief不可思议beyondrepair报废;无法修理经典练单句语法填空①Thecouplehasahighsuccessrateingettingacceptedashousesittersandtheyalwaysgo________thehomeowner'sexpectations.②Physicsispletely________me.能力提升单句表达③瑞典的夏天非常宜人——冬天却冷得让人难以置信。Swedenislovelyinsummer—cold____________inwinter.④我差一点儿才够得着把手。Thehandlewasjust____________________．考点9．keenadj.热衷的；渴望的拓展keenadj.热衷的;渴望的敏锐的bekeentodosth渴望做某事bekeenonsth热衷于某事 bekeenondoingsth喜欢做某事 haveakeeneyefor对……很敏锐经典练单句语法填空①Iwasn'ttookeen________goingtotheparty.②Theywereverykeen________(start)workassoonaspossible.能力提升单句表达③我对物理和化学并不太热衷。Iwasn'ttoo_______________________________________________________.考点10．arguevt.&vi.论证；争辩；争论拓展arguevt.&vi.论证;争辩;争论arguefor为..辩护arguewithsb与某人争论 argueagainst据理反对. argueabout/oversth因某事争论haveanargumentabout/over因……争吵argumentn.争论;争吵;论点getintoanargumentwithsb与某人争吵经典练单句语法填空①Somepeopledisagreewiththis________(argue).②Gallachercontinuedtoargue________therefereethroughoutthegame.③Thereportargues________taxincreases.能力提升单句表达④我们和服务员就账单发生了争吵。Wehadan______________________________．考点11．resultin导致；造成拓展resultvi.导致;造成resultin/leadto/contributeto导致;造成resultfrom起因于…… resultn.后果;结果asaresult所以;结果(是)asaresultof由于，因为 finalresults最后的结果;期末成绩经典练单句语法填空①Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyouarelookingforonsocialmedia,butitprobablywon'tresult________ausefulresponse.②Profitshavedeclinedasaresult________therecentdropinsales.③Hisdifficultyinwalkingresults________achildhoodillness.能力提升单句表达④因此，这些作家从来没有习惯在草稿上划掉一大块，并在空白处写下修改稿。____________，thesewritersnevergetinthehabitofcrossingoutchunks(大块)oftheirdraftandwritingrevisionsintheblankspace.考点12．provideforsb提供生活所需拓展provide其他相关短语provideforsb提供生活所需providesthforsb(=providesbwithsth)为某人提供某物provided/providingthat如果;条件是经典练单句语法填空①Plantsproducesugarsandstarchtoprovidethemselves________energy.②Providefinancialaidandotherbenefits________localpeoples.能力提升单句表达③如果得知他有一个具体的计划，其他的银行才会非常乐意提供帮助。Theotherbanksaregoingtobeveryeagertohelp,____________theyseethathehasaspecificplan.考点13．runout用完；耗尽拓展runout用完;耗尽findout查明;弄清;发现help(sb)out帮助(某人)摆脱困境pickout挑出;辨别出 tryout试用;试验 giveout发出;分发;耗尽carryout实行;实施 turnout结果是;生产 经典练用“动词＋out”类短语填空①Itwasadifficulttime,buteventuallythings____________allright.②Hegotto____________allthenewsoftware.③Aninvestigationisunderwayto____________howthedisasterhappened.能力提升单句表达④情况越来越糟，给养也快耗尽了。Conditionsaregettingworseand______________________．考点14．attachvt.系；绑；贴拓展attachvt.系;绑;贴贴;重视;在一起，有联系;附属attach...to...(=fasten...to...)把……系到……上attachgreatimportanceto非常重视 attachoneselftosb和某人在一起;缠着某人beattachedto依恋于…;附属于……;为……工作经典练单句语法填空①Heisattached________theoldferries.②Natashaattached________(she)tothefilmcrewfilmingatherorphanage.能力提升单句表达③我们在把东西归档前先给它们贴上标签。We____________________beforewefilethemaway.④(牛津高阶)我认为这项研究十分重要。I________________________thisresearch.语法点：不定式做定语和状语①Ihavealotofworktodo.②Therewasnothingtobedone.③Toillustratemypoint,Ihavedoneaparativeanalysis.④Manyfarmerswatertheircropstomakethemgrowmorequickly.⑤Wedon'thaveenoughpapertowriteon.⑥Topreventitingnearer,thegovernmentisplantingtrees.⑦Canyoufindaproperpersontofinishthisjobintime?[我的发现]不定式在句中作定语的句子为①②⑤⑦.不定式在句中作状语为③④⑥.由②句可知，不定式的被动式为_tobedone.动词不定式的构成不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“nottodo”。二、动词不定式的时态和语态语态时态主动被动一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成进行式Tohavebeendoing1.不定式的一般式∶表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时（几乎同时）发生或在谓语动词之后发生。Ihopetoseeyounextweek.我希望下周能见到你。I'dliketobetoldwhat'sgoingon.我希望被告知正在发生什么。2.不定式的进行式∶表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生且正在进行。IhappenedtobewatchingTVwhenshecalled.她打来时，我恰巧正在看电视。3.不定式的完成式∶表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。Theyseemtohavecleanedthehouse.他们似乎已经打扫过这座房子了。Thefactoryisreportedtohavebeenburntdown.据报道这家工厂已经被烧毁了。4.不定式的被动语态：不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者Shefeltpuzzledtobeaskedsuchaquestion.被问了这样一个问题，她很疑惑。三、动词不定式的语法功能一．动词不定式作定语具体用法例句动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，表示尚未发生的动作。Wehavemuchhomeworktodotonight.今晚我们有许多作业要做。名词前有first，last，next，only等词以及最高级修饰时，其后要用动词不定式。ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.她是第一位在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。抽象名词attempt，ability，chance，desire，determination，decision，plan，way或不定代词something，nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定语。JanisAdkinshastheabilityanddesiretodousefulwork.詹尼斯·阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。Wemustfindapersontodothejob.我们必须找一个做这份工作的人。[注意]1．动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。Attention，please.Theastronauthassomethingimportanttosay.请注意，这名宇航员有重要的事情要说。如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词。但当动词不定式修饰的名词是time，place或way时，不定式中的介词一般可以省去。Givemeapieceofpapertowriteon.给我一张纸写字。Hehadmoneyandnoplacetolive.二、动词不定式作状语1．表示目的Shewenttothehospitalto/inorderto/soastoseehergrandfatheryesterday.昨天她去医院看望了她爷爷。To/Inordertokeepupwithothers，theintelligentyoungmanhasbeenworkingveryhard.为了赶上别人，这个聪明的年轻人一直在努力学习。总结：作目的状语的不定式前，常加上inorder或soas，但soas不能位于句首。2．表示结果Heisnotsointelligentastodothat.他还没有聪明到做那种事。Theastronautissuchahardworkingpersonastomakegreatachievements.这名飞行员如此勤奋，结果他取得了巨大成就。Thegirlisoldenoughtodoherownthingsindependently.这个女孩足够大了，可以独立地做自己的事情了。TheCalifornianshiparrivedtoolatetosavemorepeople.加利福尼亚号来得太晚，没能挽救更多的人。Hehurriedtotheagency，onlytofindthemanagerhadleft.他匆忙赶到代理处，却发现经理已经离开了。总结：动词不定式作状语表示结果时常用如下结构：so＋形容词/副词＋astodo如此……以致……such＋形容词＋名词＋astodo如此……以致……enough＋名词＋todo/形容词/副词＋enough＋todo足够去做……too＋形容词/副词＋todo太……以致不能……不定式短语表示结果时，常与only连用，暗示一种意外的结果。3．表示原因I’mdisappointedtohearyoulackthepatience.听到你缺乏耐心我很失望。Iammorethandelightedtohearthatyouhavewonthefirstprizeinthecontest.我非常高兴地得知你在比赛中获得了一等奖。总结：不定式作原因状语，常用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后。4．“be＋性质形容词＋不定式”结构中Theprocedureisdifficulttocarryon.这个步骤不易继续。Iameasytogetalongwith,soIwillbefitfortheposition.我容易相处，因此，我胜任这个职位。总结：“be＋性质形容词＋不定式”结构中的不定式用主动形式表被动意义，如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，需要加上相应的介词，常见的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult，interesting，heavy，pleasant，light，good，fit，fortable，safe，dangerous，impossible等跟踪练习一、用单词的适当形式完成句子1．IfIhaveanyfurthernews,youwillbethefirstperson________(know).2．Theteenageratlastfoundaway________(improve)hisspokenEnglish.3．Withsomuchhomework________(do),shewillhavenotimetoattendtheparty.4．Ihaveanurge________(help)peopleoutwhenthey’reintrouble.5．Shewasasuperbplayer,buthadatendency________(show)excitement.6．Oncemorepeoplearewired,thepotential____________(change)themainstreammediawillbehuge.7．Failure________(produce)proofofidentitycouldresultinprosecution.8．Weallhavechallenges,butthekeyistohavethecourage__________(face)what’sbadaboutthemandstillfindwhat’sgood.9．Itisanimportantsubjecttohelpstudentsdeveloptheability___________(inquire)forthereformsinscientificeducation.10．Basicallythereisnothing_____________(criticize)inhisworks.11．Thoughhehasshortings,heisaperson________(rely)on.12．Ihaveanappointment________(see)mylawyernextSaturday.13．Thefindingsshowacriticalneed________(invest)indisasterprevention.14．Whenitestoworkleisureconflicts,everyonemusttrytofindaway________(avoid)them.15．Thedecision________(keep)abalanceddietwasmadeonthebasisoftheinformationwehadgot.16．Wedon’thavethefreedom________（do）justwhatwelike.17．Shehasthedetermination_________(overe)allthedifficulties.18．Policemenhavethepower________(arrest)peoplewhodonotobeythelaws.19．Heworkssohardthathedoesn'thavetheenergy________（exercise）.20．Hisfirstnovel________（publish）nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.21．Theresearchercan’tcontrolthedesire______(figure)outthemystery.22．Manyviewthesemeetingsasanoccasion________(refresh)friendship.23．SouthAfricahassubmittedanapplication________（host）theWorldCup.24．China’sefforts________(give)timelytreatmenttothoseinfectedwiththevirusarebeingpraisedbytherestoftheworld.25．Thequestionisverydifficult________(answer)．26．Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasy_____（lose）,andtheproblemisonlygoingtogetharderfromhereonout.27．I’mafraidwe’llhavetoworkextrahours,forsomeproblemsarehard

________(settle).28．Wewillbemorethanhappy________(receive)materials,suchasclothes,quiltsandschoolsupplies.29．Wewereastonished_________(see)thebuildingstillinitsoriginalcondition.30．Heisnotsuitable________________(drive)anambulance.31．Hehurriedtothestationonly______(find)thatthetrainhadleft.32．Helefthomewhenhewasyoung,never______(hear)fromagain.33．Hewasdesperate________(know)whohadgotthescholarship.34．Wewaitedfortwohoursonly________(tell)toethenextday.35．Everyteamisfree________(choose)itsownroutefromcontrolpointtocheckpoint.36．Theysetupascientificorganization________(explore)theunknownworld.37．Youcanstillavoidholidayweightgainbytakingeveryopportunity___________(stay)physicallyactive.38．However,largerandmoreprecisestudieswereneeded____(confirm)thebenefits.

39．________(keep)theairfresh,weshouldoftenopenthewindow.40．AsfarasIamconcerned,wearesupposedtotakesteps________(prevent)thisfromhappeningagain.二、完成句子41．为了谋生，他必须每天早起。______________________，hemustgetupveryearlyeveryday.42．Sheboughtadigitalcameraonline________.她为了节省时间在网上买了一个数码相机。43．他回到家，却发现妻子在等他。Hereturnedhome____________________________.44．小汤姆幸运地逃脱了惩罚。（escape）LittleTomwasluckyto________________.45．他出国后发现新的环境难以忍受。Afterhewentabroad,hefoundthenewsurroundingshard__________.46．她大学一毕业就找到了工作,真是幸运。Shewas__________ajobassoonasshegraduatedfromtheuniversity.47．每当数学老师提出问题，他总是第一个举手的人。Everytimethemathteacherasksquestions,________.48．如果没有人可以求教，就难以作出恰当的选择。Withoutanyone________，makinganappropriatechoicecanbedifficult.49．林巧稚是第一位在人民代表大会中担任重要职位的女性。LinQiaozhiwasthefirstwoman________intheNationalPeople’sCongress.50．Whilewaitingfor________,Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.当等待机会被提升的时候，亨利尽力履行好他的职责。写作升华【写作指导如何写邀请信】典例分析假定你是李华，想邀请外教Maria一起参观“厉害了，我的国”摄影展。请给她写封信，内容包括：1.展览时间、地点；2.展览内容。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearMaria，_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours，LiHua步骤一：审题构思——分析透彻很关键一、审题1.确定体裁：本文是应用文（邀请信），内容为邀请对方参观“厉害了，我的国”摄影展；2.确定人称：本文的主要人称为第一人称；3.确定时态：以一般现在时和一般将来时为主。二、构思第一段：开门见山，点明主题；第二段：介绍时间、地点及展览内容；第三段：期盼回复。步骤二：精挑细选——核心词汇想周全1.____________________参观2.____________________主题为……3.____________________举行；发生4.____________________也；还5.____________________参加6.____________________各种各样的7.____________________……的发展8.____________________对……有更好的了解步骤三：遣词造句——由词扩句雏形现1.我写信邀请您和我一起参观摄影展。（invitesb.todosth.）_______________________________________________________________________________________2.展览将在我们学校举行，主题为“厉害了，我的国”。（定语从句）_______________________________________________________________________________________3.展览将于10月1日早上8点至10点在画廊举行。（主谓状）_______________________________________________________________________________________4.我们学校的老师和学生都会参加。（主谓宾）_______________________________________________________________________________________5.我们将欣赏各种各样精彩的照片。（主谓宾）_______________________________________________________________________________________6.它们展现了我国在科学、太空探索和交通方面的快速发展。（主谓宾）_______________________________________________________________________________________7.你将有一个很好的机会来更好地了解中国。（主谓宾）_______________________________________________________________________________________步骤四：斟酌打磨——句式升级造亮点1.把第1、2句升级为含不定式的被动式和过去分词作定语的句子______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.用beintendedtodo升级第3句______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.用aswellas和beexpectedtodo升级第4句______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.把第5、6句升级为含定语从句的句子______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.用it作形式主语升级第7句______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________步骤五：连句成文——逻辑衔接连成篇________________________________________________________________________________________________________