Unit7复习讲义牛津译林版八年级英语下册

8BUnit7Internationalcharities一、icstripandWeletotheunit.1.internationalcharities国际慈善结构★charity作“慈善机构”时为可数名词；作“慈善（事业）”时为不可数名词。2.Moremoneyisneededforcharity.慈善事业需要更多的钱。3.havesomemoneyleft有些剩下的零花钱4.haveabiglunch吃一顿丰盛的午餐5.I’mtooweaktowalkanyfurther（=farther).我身体太虚弱了不能再走得更远了。6.Weonlyhavefivekilometersleft.我们仅剩下5公里了。中考链接：Let'shurry!Thereareonlytwominutes_____·A.LeaveB.toleaveC.leftD.leaving7.acharitycalledUNICEF一个被叫做联合国儿童基金会的慈善机构8.charitiesaroundtheworld全世界的慈善机构=charitiesallovertheworld9.Ithelpsbuildabetterworldforeveryone,especiallychildrenallovertheworld.【especially副词：特别，尤其。前面一个句子再加一个逗号】它为每个人帮助建立一个更加美好的世界，尤其是全世界的儿童。中考链接：ThebasketballmatchwasreallyfantasticwhenJeremyLinscoredinthelastsecond.A.probablyB.especiallyC.exactlyD.videbasiceducationforchildreninpoorareas为贫困地区的儿童提供基础的教育【回顾】providesth.forsb.=providesb.withsth.提供某物给某人offersth.tosb.=offersb.sth.提供某物给某人短文填空：1.Inotherwords,wedonot_________childrenonlyforthepurposeof_________them.(educate)11.workfortheequalrightsofgirlsandwomen为女孩和妇女争取平等权利12.preventthespreadofsomeseriousdiseases阻止一些严重疾病在年轻人中传播【重点】①spread作名词：传播②spread作动词：传播→过去式：spread→过去分词：spread中考链接：Ourgovernmenthastakenactiontopreventthediseasefrom(spread).It’ssaidthatpeoplearethinkingofbuildingabridgeacrossthelake.Ihopetheywillthinkaboutitcarefully．TheenvironmentwillheifthereistoomuchtectedB.producedC.preventedD.pollutedCansuchathing____happeningagain?A.PreventB.preventedfromC.bepreventedfromD.topreventfromNothingcanthegirlfromthere.A.bestopped;goingB.prevent;goingC.stop;togoD.prevent;togo13.You’vedoneagoodjob.你们做得很好。doagoodjob=welldone干得好二、Reading1.haveaninterviewwithanORBISdoctor采访一名奥比斯医生【回顾】haveaninterviewwithsb.=interviewsb.采访某人2.…mostlyinpoorareas，80percentofthesecasescanbepreventedorcured.百分之八十的这些病例能预防和治好。（1）mostly副词，意为“主要地；大部分地；多半地”。Hewritestohisparentseveryweek,mostlyonSaturdays.他每周都给他父母写信，大多数在周六写。（2）cure及物动词，意为“治愈，矫正”。Curesbofsth.Thespecialmedicinecuredhimofhisheadache. 这种特别的药治好了他的头疼。中考链接：Doyouknowanythingabouttheplayersofourschoolfootballteam?Yes.Theyareyoungboysbetweentheageofthirteenandfifteen.A.mostB.mostlyC.almostD.atmostThismedicinewill______himofhiscough.A.recoverB.cureC.treatD.heal3.don’thavemoneyformedicaltreatment没有钱来进行医学治疗★=can’taffordmedicaltreatment中考链接：Aftertheaccident,thetruckdriverwas_______forcuts.A.treatedB.curedC.correctedD.relieved4.aFlyingEyeHospital一所飞行眼科医院5.ontheplane在飞机上6.volunteerdoctorsdooperations志愿者医生做手术★do/performanoperationonsb.=operateonsb.给某人做手术7.beusedasatrainingcenter被用做培训中心中考链接：There______alotofredcrownedcranesinthisarea.A.wasusedtoB.wasusedtobeC.usedtoD.usedtobeSmartphonescanbeusedtoforinformation.ButIamnotusedtoinformationonsuchasmallscreen.A.search;readingB.searching;readingC.search;readD.searching;read8.can’taffordtogotohospital付不起看病的钱★①affordtodosth.付不起做某事的费用②affordsth.付不起某事的费用中考链接：1.Ican't(付得起)tobuysuchanexpensivewatch.2.CouldNellyafford_________ahousewithabiggarden?A.tobuyB.buyingC.buyD.tobuying9.Localdoctorsandnursesareinvitedonboardtolearnabouteyeoperations.当地的医生和护士被邀请到飞机上来了解有关眼科手术。①onboard=ontheplane在飞机上②learnabouteyeoperations了解有关眼科手术10.teachusnewskills教我们新技术11.Bytrainingthem,wehopetohelpmorepeople.通过培训他们，我们希望帮助更多的人。12.duringmylastvisit(tosp.)在我上一次（去某地）访问过程中13.★150patientswereoperatedon.给150名病人做手术。→operateon150patients给150名病人做手术中考链接：1.Theoldwomanhassomethingwrongwithhereyesandhastohavethem__________A.operatedonB.operatedC.operateD.operateon14.I’mproudtohelppeopleseeagainandimprovetheirlives.①★be(feel)proudtodosth.做某事很自豪/骄傲【proud（形容词）→pride（名词）】=be(feel)proudofdoingsth.★beproud+that从句★beproudofsb./sth.=takeprideinsb./sth.为某人/某事感到自豪/骄傲Eg:WeareproudofMoYan.=KatetakesprideinMoYan.我们为莫言感到骄傲。②helpblindpeopleseeagain帮助盲人重见光明③improvetheirlives提高他们的生活水平15.Modernmedicineisdevelopingquickly.现代医学正发迅速发展。①develop动词→过去式/过去分词：developed→现在分词：developing②developed作形容词：发达的；developing作形容词：发展中的Eg:Germanyisadevelopedcountry,whileChinaisadevelopingcountry.③development(n.)发展eg:WeareproudofthequickdevelopmentofChina.中考链接：1.ITis(发展)soquicklythatnoonecantellwhatasmartphonewillbelikeintenyears.16.Mosteyeproblemsanddiseasescanbetreatedandcured.大多数眼睛毛病和疾病能够被治疗和治愈。17.Moremoneyisneededtocarryonwithourwork.更多的钱被需要来继续我们的工作。★①carryonwithsth.=goonwithsth.=continuesth.继续某事②carryondoingsth.=goondoingsth.=continuedoingsth.继续做某事18.treatpeoplewitheyeproblems治疗带有眼疾的人19.【回顾】receivetreatment接受治疗；beundertreatment在治疗中三、Grammar:一般现在时和一般过去时中的被动语态。【语法】A.主动语态与被动语态的概念：英语动词的语态有两种：⑴主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者⑵被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者(常常没在有必要指出动作的执行者情况下使用)注：☆及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。例：⑴Welistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.→Theteacherislistenedtobyuscarefullyinclass.⑵Welaughedathim.→Hewaslaughedatbyus.【语法】B.被动语态的结构与用法：㈠结构：be+done(过去分词)被动语态中的be为助动词，无意义。be可能是am,is,are也可能是was,were或原形be。注：☆被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be后面的过去分词不变。㈡用法：例：①Historyismadebythepeople.(一般现在时)②ThecarsweremadeinTianjingin1995.(一般过去时)③Thetreewillbecutdownnextyear.(一般将来时)④Theroommustbekeptclean.（含有情态动词的被动语态）时态动词的被动形式例句一般现在时am/is/aredoneHeisaskedtodothis.一般过去时was/weredoneThestorywastoldbyhermother.一般将来时willbedoneTheproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.现在完成时has/havebeendoneThehousehasbeenbuilt.【语法】C.被动语态的各种句型：1.Thesongislikedbyyoungpeople.(肯定句)2.Thesongisn’tlikedbyyoungpeople（否定句）3.Isthesonglikedbyyoungpeople?（一般疑问句）4.Whoisthesonglikedby?=Bywhomisthesongliked?（特殊疑问句）【归纳】：主动语态改被动语态的方法：方法分为三步：⑴把原句中的宾语改成主语⑵动词改为变动形式bedone(同时注意时态)⑶原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词by后面，以指明做事的人或物，如果没有必要则省去例：Themankilledatiger.→Atigerwaskilledbytheman.(改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个方面)练习：1、Wemusttakegoodcareofoureyes.（改为被动语态）Oureyesmust___________goodcareof.2、Mr.Smithshowedthestudentstwopicturesyesterday.（改为被动语态）Twopictures________________thestudentsbyMr.Smith.3、Tea______（grow）insoutheastofChinaandIndia.4、Theycouldn’tmakethecowgo.（改为被动语态）【语法】D.重点短语句型1.Leafletsarehandedouttopeopleinthestreeteveryyear.每年传单由志愿者们在街上散发。①handoutleaflets散发传单【handout=giveout分发；散发】②handout动副词组→handit/themout2.ToysandCDsaresoldtoraisemoney.①raisesth.forsb.为某人募捐某物eg:raisemoneyforProjectHope为希望工程筹集资金②★比较：Thekindofwatchesissoldinthisshop.Thekindofwatchessellswellinthisshop.【sellwell搭配使用：畅销（无被动）】3.theStudents’Union学生会4.OxfamwassetupintheUKin1942.Oxfam是1942年在英国成立的。★setup成立，创立→besetup被成立；被创立5.AlotofthingsaresoldinOxfamshops,includingbooks.【including介词，放句子后，逗号后】6.millionsofpoorchildren好几百万的贫穷孩子四、Integratedskills1.UNICEFispartoftheUnitedNations.联合国儿童基金会是联合国不可分割的一部分。【回顾】partof不可分割的部分；apartof可以分割的部分2.Manychildren’sliveswerechangedbecauseofthewar.许多孩子的生活由于战争而被改变。3.preventthemfromgettingillness阻止他们得病【回顾】prevent/stopsb.(from)doingsth.=keepsb.fromdoingsth阻止某人做某事4.raisemoneybysellingChristmascardsandorganizingotheractivities通过卖圣诞卡片和组织别的活动筹集资金5.What’sthematterwithyou?=What’swrongwithyou?你怎么了?6.havegotatoothache患牙痛7.nothingserious不严重8.takethismedicineaftermealsthreetimesaday饭后服这付药一日三次9.You’llbeallright/OK/wellinafewdays.几天后你就会好起来的。【用howsoon对划线提问：HowsoonwillIbeallright?】五、Studyskills（一）Usingpunctuationmarks标点符号的使用。标点用法逗号为了隔开一系列单词；分开短语和从句。句号用在问句和感叹句以外的句子的末尾。问号用在直接问句的末尾。感叹号用于表达惊讶、快乐、愤怒、震惊或其它强烈情感的句子末尾。引号用于直接引语中引用别人语。（二）重点短语句型。1.Willitbeasuccess?它会取得成功吗？Eg:Whatabigsuccessthecharityshowwas!那次慈善表演取得了多么大的成功呀！2.Notimetobenervousanymore.没有时间再紧张了。六、Task1.asecretaryofabigpany一家大公司的秘书2.drivetowork开车去上班3.traveltomanyplaces到许多地方旅行4.beafraidofflying害怕坐飞机出行5.makeupone’smindtotrainasanurse下定决心接受培训成为一个护士★①makeupone’smindtodosth.=decidetodosth.下定决心做某事=makeadecisiontodosth.②trainasanurse（接受）培训成为一个护士6.attendcoursesafterwork下班后参加课程(学习)7.get/beusedtotravellingbyplane习惯做飞机旅行【be/getusedtodoingsth.】8.haveasmuchmoneyasbefore有和以前一样多的钱9.begladtobeabletohelppeopleseeagain很高兴能帮助人们重见光明10.usedtoworkonthefarmallday过去常常整天在农场劳动【usedtodosth.】11.aUNICEFofficer一个联合国儿童基金会的官员12.learnabouttheconditionsofthelocalpeople单项选择1.Thecharityprovideshomelesspeople___foodandclothes.A.withB.forC.asD.of2.Theywalkedhomelastnightbecausetheycouldn't____totakeataxi.A.leaveB.buyC.affordD.allow3.——Mom，lwasthefirsttoreachthetopofthemountain.—Goodjob，Jack!I'm___ofyou.A.carefulB.proudC.tiredD.afraid4.—allthewindows？—Yes，Ididitjustnow.A.Do;closeB.Did;closeC.Were;closedD.Are;closing5.—WhatshouldwedoforthedisabledchildrenintheChildren'sHome?—You'resupposedtoastudygrouptohelpthem.A.takeupB.fixupC.setupD.stayup6.Thebasketballmatchwasreallyfantastic，__whenShuHowLinscoredinthelastsecond.A.probablyB.especiallyC.exactlyD.mostly7.—MrKing__bythereporteryesterday.—He'sgreat!Hehelpedsomanydisabledpeople.A.wasinterviewedB.isinterviewedC.isinterviewingD.wasinterviewing8.Kidshavetotakemanyafterschoolclasses.Theyhardtostudyforgoodgrades.A.pushB.arepushedC.arepushingD.havepushed9.—Whydon'tyoubuythebike，Mary?—It'stooexpensive.Ican't___it.A.sellB.lendC.keepD.afford10.——Isyourfatherateacher?—Well，he__.A.usedtoB.wasusedtoC.usedtobeD.isusedtobe11.Jimhurthisleg，sohecan'tcarryon__hismatch.A.ofB.withC.atD.off12.——Whatlanguagesinthatcountry?—GermanandEnglish.A.arespeakingB.arespokenC.speakD.isspoken13.—__doyouvolunteerinOldPeople'sHome?—Onceaweek.Wehopetohelptheoldmore.A.HowsoonB.HowmanyC.HowoftenD.Howlong14.Isthere__you'dliketosaytoyourteacher?A.somethingelseB.elsesomethingC.anythingelseD.elseanything15.—，Peter?—lhaveabadcold.A.WhatcolordoyoulikeB.What'sthematterwithyouC.WhereareyouD.What'stheweatherlike16.Hurryup!Onetheconcertstarts,nobody_________toentertheconcerthall.A.allowsB.allowedC.isallowedD.isallowing17.Thelittleboy__________bythebigdogthismorning.A.wasmadetocryB.wasmadecryC.madetocryD.madecry18.NineteenYanchengdishes__________intothebookHuaiyangCuisine.A.choseB.chooseC.arechosenD.havechos