中国智慧-文化面面观 课件 UNIT 10 Chinese Commitment and Inheritance

UNIT10

ChineseCommitmentandInheritanceLearningObjectivesSpeakonChinesepeople’scommitmenttoculturalinheritanceLearnaboutShoushanstonecarving1ExploreChineseintangibleculturalheritage23Onlyonewhodevoteshimselftoacausewithhiswholestrengthandsoulcanbeatruemaster.Forthisreasonmasterydemandsallofaperson.—AlbertEinsteinAcivilizationisaheritageofbeliefs,customs,andknowledgeslowlyaccumulatedinthecourseofcenturies,elementsdifficultattimestojustifybylogic,butjustifyingthemselvesaspathswhentheyleadsomewhere,sincetheyopenupformanhisinnerdistance.—AntoinedeSaint-ExupéryIncredibleStoneandCommittedCarversIncredibleStoneandCommittedCarversManyyearslater,ashesatinacardrivenbyhissonalongascenicroadtothebeautifulShoushanvillage,Baiyuwastorememberthatdistantmorningwhenhisfathertookhimtodiscoverthoseincrediblestones.Atthattime,Shoushanwasjustasmallmountainvillageinaccessibletomodernvehicles.Aroughandruggedroadwasalmosttheonlywaytogetinandoutofit.Interestingly,however,onrainydayssomepeoplefromoutsidewereoftenseengoingupthismuddyandbumpyroadtothevillage.Andwhentheyleft,goingdownthesamewetandslipperypath,theywouldoftencarrysomethingheavyinbags,somethingtheyhadexpectedtodiscoverandtocloseadealwiththevillagers,whowereusuallybusywithfarmingorquarryingwhentheweatherwasgood,andwouldonlyfindtimeonrainydaystodealwiththeseoutsidebuyersforwhattheyhadcutfromthemountain–theextraordinaryShoushanstone,namedaftertheonlyplacewheretheywerediscovered.Perfectfortheartofcarving,Shoushanstoneisacclaimedasthekingofstonesbyvirtueofitswarm,moist,pure,solid,clear,andsleekfeel.Thenaturalcharmingcolors,shapes,andtextureofthesestoneshavealwaysinspiredartisticcreativityofgenerationsofcraftsmensincetheywerefirstdiscoveredandmadeintovariousartfulorpracticalpiecesinancienttimes.Legendhasitthatthesestoneshaveahighoriginbecausetheyhadmergedwithwhatwastobecomeaphoenix,foronceuponatimeaphoenixeggthatwasaccidentallybrokenheresawitseggwhiteandyolkslowlytrickleintothestreamdownthemountainsideandpassthroughthesoiltoendowtherockbelowwithexceptionalqualities.Thisphoenix-relatedstorymusthaveariseninpeople’simagination,buttheShoushanstonehadindeedbeenrebornindestroyingheat,whichhadbeengeneratedbyvolcanicactivitiesmillionsofyearsagoandhadtriggeredcomplicatedchemicalprocessesthatcleansedimpuritiesandforgeduniquecharacteristicsovertime.Amazinglyuniqueasthesenaturalstonesare,nodoubtitisthemindandhandofgenerationsofmastercarversthattrulymaketheminvaluable.TheartofShoushanstonecarvinghasnearlyfifteenhundredyearsofhistory.ItbegantorisetofameintheTangdynastywhenthestoneswereoftencarvedintoBuddhism-relatedfiguresorobjects;andfullydevelopedintheMingdynastywhentheyweremostfavouredformakingstamps;andreacheditszenithintheQingdynastywhenaremarkablevarietyofartisticrepresentationsflourished.Intherecentdecades,ithasexperiencedarejuvenationwiththerisingofnewgenerationsofmastercarvers,thankstothoseartistsorfamiliesofartistswhohavebeendevotedtotheinheritanceofthisgreatculturalheritage.Bornintosuchafamily,Baiyu,arecognizedgreatmasterofShoushanstonecarvinghaswitnessedtherevivalanddevelopmentofthistraditionalartsincehischildhoodmorethansixtyyearsago.Itwasafinewinterdaywhenhedecidedtotakehisson,Anzhi,ayoungpromisingartist,torevisitthesmallmountainvillagewhereallbegan.Thiswouldbeatripforimpartingtheknowledgeandinspiringtheyoung,justashisfather,Shiqing,agreatermaster,oncedidforhim.“Tomakeasuccessfulpiece,you’llhavetodiscovertherightstone.EverynaturalShoushanstonehasitsowncharacterwhich,toalargeextent,decideswhatkindofartfulpieceitcanbemadeinto.Acarvermustseethestone’suniquenessandapplytherighttechniquestoitsothatthebesteffectcanpossiblybeachieved.Thecrafthasbeenpasseddowntousandweareobligatedtolearneverytechniquethatmastersofoldergenerationdeveloped.Itis,indeed,ourdutytocarryforwardtheShoushanstonecultureand,withoutlimitingourselvestowhathasbeenachieved,tocontributesomethingnewandgoodtothisgreatart.That’sthemeaningfulwaytocarryitforward.”SaidBaiyutohissoninthisknowledge-impartingandinspiration-findingtrip.So,whatwillbeinheritedandcarriedforwardforthisgreatart?Theinsight,thecreativity,thecraftsmanship,theprofoundculture.Thelistmaygoon.Andalltheseareembodiedincountlessmasterpiecestherehavebeen.Shiqing’smasterwork,ASliceofLifealongtheMountain,carvedoutofatopclassTianhuangstonewhichisperfectlycharacterizedbyallthesixvirtues,offersagooddemonstration.Oneverysideofitarecarvedvividlyinthinrelieffigures,trees,cottages,creeks,orrocksthataloneoralongsideotherspresentanenjoyableepisodeoftheidylliclifeinthemountain.Allthatemergeareharmoniouslyintunewiththenaturaltoneandtextureoftheoriginalstone,beitthedappledbarkoftheexaggeratedpinetree,orthemoss-invadedrocks,orthecottagesshroudedinmist.Soingenious,someaningful,andsoadmirable!InAnzhi’seyes,“Agoodpieceinthinreliefmustfirstofallpresentanartisticmood.Inthisrespect,theartist’sunderstandingofNaturematters.That’swhyIsometimesmakeaspecialtriptodrawinspirationfromMotherNature,tofeelandtoseewhatmastersofoldergenerationmighthaveseen.Ourfamilyhasbeendevotedtothisgreatartforthreegenerations.Grandpahashandeddownquiteafewspecialtechniques,amongwhichthethinreliefiswhatIhavebeenponderingandpracticingmost.EverytimeIhavesomeinterestingideaaboutthestone,Iconsultmyfather,orhavesomediscussionwithmyfriends.IhaveadeepaffectionforeveryShoushanstonethatentersmylife.ItseemsourfamilyispredestinedtoboundupwithShoushanstone.Iamdoingmyparttocarryforwardthisgreatartandprofoundculture.”Indeed,theseplainandsincerewordsmirrorwhathundredsofyoungShoushanstonecarversaredoingforthisnationalintangibleculturalheritage,tocarryitforwardwiththeircreativityanddexterity,withtheirpassionandvision,andinamostsubstantialway,withtheirworksofartthatembodythewisdomandthespiritwhichhavebeeninheritedandwillbehandeddowntothefuturegenerations.inaccessibleadj.

unabletobereached达不到的;难以到达的e.g.Inwinter,thevillagesareinaccessiblebyroad.Alongflightofstairsmadethecenterinaccessibletodisabledvisitors.rugged

adj.

(ofgroundorterrain)havingabroken,rocky,andunevensurface（地面,地形）高低不平的,崎岖的e.g.aruggedcoastlineThescenerythroughouttheruggedmountainareasisdramatic.muddy

adj.

coveredinorfullofmud泥泞的e.g.themuddywatersofthelakeForinstance,thereisnomoredepressingsightthanhorsesandponiesstandingmiserablyinamuddyfield.sleek

adj.

smoothandshiny光滑亮泽的e.g.hewastall,withsleek,darkhairthe

sleeklines

ofthenewcartrickle

v.

(ofaliquid)flowinasmallstream（液体）滴,淌e.g.atricklingbrookThetearstrickleddownhercheeks.trigger

v.

cause(aneventorsituation)tohappenorexist引发e.g.Certainformsofmentalillnesscanbetriggeredbyfoodallergies.Thepoweroutagewas

triggered

byheavyrains.zenith

n.

thetimeatwhichsomethingismostpowerfulorsuccessful极盛时期e.g.TheRomanEmpirereacheditszenitharoundtheyear100.In1977,punkwasatitszenith.representation

n.

apainting,sculpture,etc.,thatiscreatedtolooklikeaparticularthingorperson图像；雕像e.g.astrikingrepresentationofavaseofflowers.Theclockinthepaintingisasymbolicrepresentationofthepassageoftime.rejuvenate

v.

tomakesomebody/somethinglookorfeelyounger,morelivelyormoremodern复兴e.g.planstorejuvenatetheinnercityareasThemountainairwillrejuvenateyou.e.g.physical/economic

rejuvenationrevival

n.

aninstanceofsomethingbecomingpopular,active,orimportantagain复兴e.g.a

revival

ofbiographicalwriting.Cross-countryskiingisenjoyingarevival.impart

v.

tomake(something)knowntosomeone传授e.g.Shehadinformationthatshecouldn’twaittoimpart.Theteachers

imparted

agreatdealofknowledge

to

theirpupils.obligated

v.

Ifyoufeelobligatedtodosomething,youfeelthatitisyourdutytodoit.(感到)有义务的e.g.Ifelt

obligated

tolethimreadtheletter.Avafeltobligatedtohelphermother,evenifitmeantleavingcollege.insight

n.

thecapacitytogainanaccurateanddeepintuitiveunderstandingofapersonorthing洞悉力e.g.Theauthoranalyzestheproblemwithremarkable

insight.WithaflashofinsightIrealizedwhatthedreammeant.slice

n.

apartorshareofsomething部分e.g.Agood

slice

ofthepopulationsawthegameonTV.asliceoflifearealisticrepresentationofeverydayexperienceinafilm,play,orbookdemonstration

n.

apracticalexhibitionandexplanationofhowsomethingworksorisperformed示范e.g.acookerydemonstrationHegaveapracticaldemonstrationoftheboat’smilitarypotential.idyllic

adj.

(especiallyofatimeorplace)likeanidyll;extremelyhappy,peaceful,orpicturesque田园式的e.g.Everyoneinvolvedinthefilminghasenjoyedworkinginsuchidyllicsurroundings.Andeveryfall,graciousPatagonianssharetheiridyllicscenewithcityfolk.dappled

adj.

markedwithmanyspotsofcolororlight带斑点的；花斑的；斑驳的e.g.thedappledshadeofthetreesAtfirstitappearedtobeempty,butthen,onthedappledground,Isawarockpython.exaggerated

adj.

Somethingthatisexaggeratedisorseemslarger,better,worse,ormoreimportantthanitactuallyneedstobe.夸张的e.g.Thedangerhadbeengreatlyexaggerated.Inthepast,anthropologistshavemadethemostexaggeratedclaimsconcerningthesupposedtypicalityoftheirobservations.shroud

v.

coverorenvelopsoastoconcealfromview遮蔽;隐藏e.g.Josephwasshroudedunderadarkblanket.Thecliffwasshroudedinmist.ponder

v.

thinkabout(something)carefully,especiallybeforemakingadecisionorreachingaconclusion思索e.g.Hecontinuedtopondertheproblemashewalkedhome.Theuniversityboardisstillponderingoverthematter.affection

n.

agentlefeelingoffondnessorliking喜欢e.g.Shelookedbackonthosedayswithaffection.Anotherthreeyearslaterthepassionhadcooledsomewhatbutgenuineaffectionremained.predestined

adj.

certaintodoorbesomethingorcertaintohappen注定的e.g.Theybelievedthatkingswerepredestinedtorule.Thecourseofherlifeseemedtobe

predestined.dexterity

n.

skillinperformingtasks,especiallywiththehands（尤指用手做事的）灵巧e.g.herdexteritywithchopsticksComputergamescanimprovechildren’smanualdexterity.substantial

adj.

consistingof,relatingto,sharingthenatureof,orconstitutingsubstance:existingasorinsubstance:MATERIAL实质性的；实实在在的e.g.ameredreamneithersubstantialnorpracticalHecouldnotfindanysubstantialdistinctionbetweenthatcaseandtheprincipalone.I.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.1.Whydidpeoplefromoutsidehavetocometothevillageforthestoneonrainydays?A.BecauseonlyonrainydaysdidthevillagershavetimetoreceivethesestonebuyersB.BecauseonlyonrainydayscouldthemountainproducethebeststoneC.BecauseonlyonrainydayscouldthestonebeextractedD.Becauseonlyonrainydayscouldthemudcoveringthestonebewashedawaysothatthestonecouldpossiblybediscovered.A2.WhichoneofthefollowingisnotincludedinthesixvirtuesofShoushanstone?A.solidnessB.coldnessC.sleeknessD.clearness3.Accordingtothetext,TheShoushanstonecameintobeingby_____.A.thephoenix’smagicB.mixingwiththeessenceofthephoenixeggC.millionsofyearsofgeologicalandchemicalprocessesD.centuriesofcreativecarvers’diligentworkBC4.Accordingtothetext,whydidBaiyuwanttovisittheShoushanvillageagainwithhissoninthatwintermorning?A.tohaveasightseeingtripB.tomeetsomeoldfriendsandShoushanstonedealersC.tobuysomepiecesofgoodstonefromthestone’sbirthplaceD.toimpartknowledgeandinspirehisson5.Accordingtothetext,younggenerationsmaycarryforwardtheartofShoushanstonecarvingwiththeir_______.A.creativityanddexterityB.passionandvisionC.worksofartD.alloftheaboveDDII.Givebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions.1.Accordingtolegend,howdidtheShoushanstonecomeintobeing?2.WhatarethesixvirtuesofShoushanstone?3.HowdoesAnzhiunderstandagoodpieceofShoushanstoneartworkinthinrelief?I.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.

精妙的书法象征着生命的历程。字虽静止于纸上，却有独具慧眼者，看得出它的动态经历。一起一落间，笔锋或展或掠，或蹲或提，墨色随之或散或敛——这当然不是简单的动笔，而是有章法的运笔。一切皆有关联。笔划有撇有捺，顺逆相济，对应着笔锋的内部张力。中国人对整体力道的均衡有着异常鲜活的想象。这其中能感受到连贯的韵律和参差的停顿；眼看均势达成，却又消散，转眼又再度形成……如此便赋予文字生命。书法之道就蕴含在这连绵的生命律动中。I.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.精妙的书法象征着生命的历程。字虽静止于纸上，却有独具慧眼者，看得出它的动态经历。Awell-writtencharacterisasymbolofthelifeprocess.Althoughitliesstaticuponthepaper,bytheperceivingminditisadynamicexperience.I.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.一起一落间，笔锋或展或掠，或蹲或提，墨色随之或散或敛——这当然不是简单的动笔，而是有章法的运笔。一切皆有关联。笔划有撇有捺，顺逆相济，对应着笔锋的内部张力。Thebrushstrokesriseandfall,theystretchandsweep,crouchandspring;inktonesswellandcontract—itisnotmerelyamovement,butanorganizedmovement.Itisamatterofrelation.Strokesmayleanorpress,yieldorresist,accordingtotheinnertension.I.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.中国人对整体力道的均衡有着异常鲜活的想象。这其中能感受到连贯的韵律和参差的停顿；眼看均势达成，却又消散，转眼又再度形成……如此便赋予文字生命。书法之道就蕴含在这连绵的生命律动中。TheChinesehaveaveryliveconceptionoftheequilibriumofforcesinsuchawhole.Thereisafeelingofrhythmiccontinuity,ofuneveninterval,anequilibriumachieved,lost,regained...itisawayofgivinglife.Inthissenseofacontinuinglifemovementliesthecalligraphicideal.II.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorexpressionsprovided,andchangetheformifnecessaryancientanimalascendassumebehindbeliefeatbindexistenceformhauntheartguardianknowledgemindmonsterpossessionsourceunderstandwisdom

InChineseandJapanesefolk-storiesthedragonshavefishformsoravatars.Theymaybeeels,carps,ormigratoryfishlikethesalmon.Itisbelievedthatthosefishthat1.ariver's“dragongate”becomedragons,whilethosethatremain2.continuetobefish.Dragonsarecloselyassociatedwithwaterfalls.They3.inoneorotheroftheirformsthedeeppoolsbelowthem.

ascendbehindhauntII.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorexpressionsprovided,andchangetheformifnecessaryancientanimalascendassumebehindbeliefeatbindexistenceformhauntheartguardianknowledgemindmonsterpossessionsourceunderstandwisdomInwesternEuropeanstories,dragonsandgodsoffireandwater4.theformsoffish,andhidethemselvesinpools.LokiofIcelandiclegendhasasalmonform.Whenthegodspursuehim,hehidesinFranang’sstream,or“underthewatersofacascadecalledFranangurfors”.Afterheiscaughtand5.,Lokiistorturedbyaserpent.Whenhetwistshisbodyviolentlyearthquakesarecaused.Heiscloselyassociatedwiththe“dragon-woman”,andisthefatherof6.,includingthemoon-swallowingwolf-dragon.assumeboundmonstersII.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorexpressionsprovided,andchangetheformifnecessaryancientanimalascendassumebehindbeliefeatbindexistenceformhauntheartguardianknowledgemindmonsterpossessionsourceunderstandwisdomAndvari,the7.ofNibelungtreasure,hasapikeform.InGaeliclegendthesalmonisthe8.ofwisdomandofthepowertoforetellevents.Finn(Fionn)tastesofthe“SalmonofKnowledge”whenitisbeingcooked,andimmediatelybecomesaseer.MichaelScott,inlikemanner,derives9.fromthe“juices”ofthewhitesnake.Thesalmonis,inGaelic,a10.ofthedragon.ThedragonofLoughBelSéad(LakeoftheJewelMouth),inIreland,wascaught“intheshapeofasalmon”.guardiansourcewisdomformII.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorexpressionsprovided,andchangetheformifnecessaryancientanimalascendassumebehindbeliefeatbindexistenceformhauntheartguardianknowledgemindmonsterpossessionsourceunderstandwisdomSigurd,thedragon-slayerofNorseIcelandicstories,eatsthedragon’s11.,andatonce12.thelanguageofbirds.SodoesSiegfriedofGermanicromance.Thebirdsknowthesecretsofthegods.Theyarethemselvesformsofthegods.ApolloniusofTyanaacquiredwisdomby13.theheartsofdragonsinArabiaheartunderstandseatingII.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorexpressionsprovided,andchangetheformifnecessaryancientanimalascendassumebehindbeliefeatbindexistenceformhauntheartguardianknowledgemindmonsterpossessionsourceunderstandwisdomIn14.Egypttheheartwasnotonlytheseatoflife,butthe15.,andthereforethesourceof“wordsofpower”.TheHebrewsandmanyotherpeoplesused“heart"whentheywroteof“mind”.Ptah,godofMemphis,wasthe“heart”(mind)ofthegods.The“heart”fashionedthegods.Everythingthatiscameinto16.bythethoughtofthe“heart”(mind).ancientmindsexistenceII.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorexpressionsprovided,andchangetheformifnecessaryancientanimalascendassumebehindbeliefeatbindexistenceformhauntheartguardianknowledgemindmonsterpossessionsourceunderstandwisdomTheEgyptian17.aboutthepowerofthe“heart”(thesourceofmagicknowledge,andhealing,andcreativepower)liesbehindthestoriesregardingheroeseatingdragons’hearts.InanEgyptianfolk-talethedragon-slayerdoesnoteattheheartofthereptilegod,butgets18.