全国英语等级考试综合教程课件unit 4

PublicEnglishTestSystem(III)UnitFourTransportation

ReadingGrammar

GettingReadyTextATextBContentsUnitFourTransportation

GettingReadyGettingReady1.LookatpictureA.Canyounamesomekindsofthepublicservices?UnitFourTransportationGettingReady2.LookatpictureB.Whatisthefutureofmoderntrains?UnitFourTransportationReading—TextAIntensiveReadingAfter-readingActivitiesGlobalReadingPre-reading

questions

Microsoft:CraftingImagethroughPublicRelationsUnitFourTransportationPre-readingHaveyoueverrememberedhowmanykindsofpublictransportationyouhaveused?Andwhatarethey?Whichdoyouthinkisbetterforourfutureworld,privatecarsorpublictransportation?Why?UnitFourTransportationAPTAAPTAistheleadingforceinadvancingpublictransportation.APTAmembersarepublicorganizationsthatareengagedintheareasofbus,paratransit,lightrail,commuterrail,subways,waterbornepassengerservices,andhigh-speedrail.Membersalsoincludelargeandsmallcompanieswhoplan,design,construct,finance,supply,andoperatebusandrailservicesworldwide.Governmentagencies,metropolitanplanningorganizations,statedepartmentsoftransportation,academicinstitutions,andtradepublicationsarealsopartofourmembership.Tostrengthenandimprovepublictransportation,APTAservesandleadsitsdiversemembershipthroughadvocacy,innovationandinformationsharing.APTAanditsmembersandstaffworktoensurethatpublictransportationisavailableandaccessibleforallAmericansincommunitiesacrossthecountry.UnitFourTransportationBusRapidTransitBRTisaninnovative,highcapacity,lowercostpublictransitsolutionthatcansignificantlyimproveurbanmobility.

Thispermanent,integratedsystemusesbusesorspecializedvehiclesonroadwaysordedicatedlanestoquicklyandefficientlytransportpassengerstotheirdestinations,whileofferingtheflexibilitytomeettransitdemand.

BRTsystemscaneasilybecustomizedtocommunityneedsandincorporatestate-of-the-art,low-costtechnologiesthatresultinmorepassengersandlesscongestion.UnitFourTransportationGlobalwarmingGlobalwarmingreferstotherisingaveragetemperatureofEarth’satmosphereandoceans,whichbegantoincreaseinthelate19thcenturyandisprojectedtocontinuerising.Sincetheearly20thcentury,Earth’saveragesurfacetemperaturehasincreasedbyabout0.8°C(1.4

°F),withabouttwothirdsoftheincreaseoccurringsince1980.Warmingoftheclimatesystemisunequivocal,andscientistsaremorethan90%certainthatmostofitiscausedbyincreasingconcentrationsofgreenhousegasesproducedbyhumanactivitiessuchasdeforestationandtheburningoffossilfuels.Thesefindingsarerecognizedbythenationalscienceacademiesofallmajorindustrializednations.UnitFourTransportation

Unit8PostgraduateIntensiveEnglish(II)SkimmingandScanningAnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtoTextA

1.Whatistheauthor’ssuggestioninthistext?4.Whatdosomepeopleargueaboutthepublictransportation?2.AccordingtothestatisticsfromAPTA,whyshouldpeopleusemorepublictransportation?UnitFourTransportation3Whatbenefitscanthepublictransportationgenerate?5.Whataretheoptionsinpublictransportationmentionedinthetext?AnswersSomepeoplethinkitisamonopolyandbully,whilemanyothersconsideritthechampionofhigh-techinnovation.BecauseitspublicimageistheimportationfactorinMicrosoft'ssuccess.Andthoseprofessionals’majorroleistoestablishthepositiveimageofMicrosoftanditsproducts.BeforetheintroductionofeverymajorupdateofWindows,computerusersarebombardedbymediacoverageinnewspapers,magazines,television,andradioforweeks.Thecompanyalsosendsnewslettersandbrochuresinthemailtoitsusers,orallowsthemtopicktheseupatlocalcomputerstores.Thecompanyhassteppedupgiveawaystogetitsproductsintogradeschools,highschools,andcollegesthroughouttheUnitedStatesandaroundtheworld.MicrosoftonceprovidedfreesoftwareforIndianaUniversity’s91,000studentsandfreesoftwaretrainingforitsinstructors.Inaddition,millionsofdollarsworthofMicrosoftsoftwareweredonatedtoU.S.publiclibrariesthroughthechairman’scharitablefoundation.Theywilldevotethemselvestomakinguseofthatpowertopolishthecompany’simagesoastokeeptheMicrosoftbrandoneofthebestrecognizedinthecomputerindustry.UnitFourTransportationUnit8PostgraduateIntensiveEnglish(II)Difficultsentences1.Thirdly,peoplewhousepublictransportationregularlytendtobehealthierthanthosewhohaveprivatecars,sincetheformerwalkmore(fromhometothebusstationandalsofromtheofficetothebusstation)thanthelatter.UnitFourTransportationpublictransportation公共交通tendto趋向；注意；易于；有…的倾向privatecar私人汽车theformer前者thelatter后者thebusstation汽车站transportationn.运输；运输工具Unit8PostgraduateIntensiveEnglish(II)Difficultsentences1.Thirdly,peoplewhousepublictransportationregularlytendtobehealthierthanthosewhohaveprivatecars,sincetheformerwalkmore(fromhometothebusstationandalsofromtheofficetothebusstation)thanthelatter.UnitFourTransportation第三，经常使用公共交通的人们比有私家车的人们更健康，因为前者比后者走得更多（从家到车站，同样从办公室到家）。“peoplewhousepublictransportationregularly”为定语从句，关系代词who修饰的先行词是people，who在从句中作主语，译为：经常使用公共交通的人们。Unit8PostgraduateIntensiveEnglish(II)Difficultsentences2.Somepeoplearguethatgoodpublictransportationisn’tavailableinsomepartsofAmericalikesmalltownsandremoteareas.UnitFourTransportationbeavailable有空的，可供使用的like像….remotearea偏远地区arguev.辩论，争论

availablea.可得的，空闲的remotea.遥远的，偏僻的Unit8PostgraduateIntensiveEnglish(II)Difficultsentences2.Somepeoplearguethatgoodpublictransportationisn’tavailableinsomepartsofAmericalikesmalltownsandremoteareas.UnitFourTransportation有些人争论到在美国的一些地方，比如小镇和偏远地区很难利用到好的公共交通。在主从复合句，主句的谓语argue后可带宾语从句，起到主句宾语的作用，所以此句为宾语从句。Unit8PostgraduateIntensiveEnglish(II)Difficultsentences3.Whatweshoulddonowistopersuadepeoplewithaccesstogoodpublictransportationtouseitmoreoften,what’smore,tooffermorereasonablepublictransportationtothepeopleinremoteareasorsmallvillages.UnitFourTransportationaccessto接近，有权使用，通向…的路口what’smore而且offer….to向…..主动提供accessn.进入，使用权persuadev.说服，被说服reasonablea.合理的，公道的Unit8PostgraduateIntensiveEnglish(II)Difficultsentences3.Whatweshoulddonowistopersuadepeoplewithaccesstogoodpublictransportationtouseitmoreoften,what’smore,tooffermorereasonablepublictransportationtothepeopleinremoteareasorsmallvillages.UnitFourTransportation我们现在要做的是劝说人们能使用好的公共交通并且经常使用，而且要为偏远地区和小村落地区的人们提供适当的公共交通。“Whatweshoulddonow”此句为what疑问词引导的主语从句，可以位于句首，主语从句采用陈述句语序。“topersuadepeoplewithaccesstogoodpublictransportationtouseitmoreoften,what’smore,tooffermorereasonablepublictransportationtothepeopleinremoteareasorsmallvillages.”动词不定式：to+动词原形，topersuade和tooffer，在此句中作表语。Unit8PostgraduateIntensiveEnglish(II)Difficultsentences4.Weliveontheearth,aplanetwhichneedsmoreoxygen,morebeautifulsunshineandsufficientresource.UnitFourTransportation我们生活在地球上，一个需要更多氧气，更美丽阳光，足够资源的星球。此句中earth和planet是同位语关系，两个单词所指的是一个事物——地球。而后半句aplanetwhichneedsmoreoxygen,morebeautifulsunshineandsufficientresource.是定语从句，先行词planet由关系代词which修饰。connectgeneratepollutionargue

availableconvenientpersuadereasonable

1.Sinceyouknowthetopicoflecture,pleaseaskquestionsthat____toit.2.Thenewpolicyofthegovernmenttendstoraisethefuturepricetomore____level.3.Itisa____waytoraisemoneybysellingsharesinprofitableenterprises.4.Thenewconflictsbetweenthetwocountriesgenerateaseriesofproblems.5.Others____thattheeducationisnotfairinsomeremotearea.6.Unfortunately,thereisnospecificbookaboutAfricans___forthestudy.7.Air____,water____andlight____willcausethedisease.8.Typically,thesemanagerscan____somepossibleclientstofollowthem.UnitFourTransportationAnswers1.connect2.reasonable3.convenient4.generate5.argue6.available7.pollution8.persuadeUnitFourTransportationUnit8PostgraduateIntensiveEnglish(II)Reading—TextB

SpeedReadingUnitFourTransportationUnit8PostgraduateIntensiveEnglish(II)Speed-reading2.Whycanpeoplehavethedevelopingtransportationsystemsstepbystep?A.Becausepeoplefirstchangethelivingstandardsfirst.B.Becauseonlythefinancecanpushthetransportationsystems.C.Becausethedevelopmentofthetechnologyresultsinthetransportationsystems.D.Becausepeoplehavethedreamsofmoreadvancedtransportationsystems.1.PeopleusedthetransportationsasthefollowingsEXCEPT.A.locomotiveB.humanandanimalC.steamenginesD.chickenpowerUnitFourTransportationUnit8PostgraduateIntensiveEnglish(II)Speed-reading3.Thewordbreakthroughinthesecondlineofthesecondparagraphmeans.A.aproductiveinsightB.makinganimportantdiscoveryC.apenetrationofabarriersuchasanenemy'sdefenseD.inventionsUnitFourTransportationUnit8PostgradauteIntensiveEnglish(II)Speed-reading4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Intheindustrialrevolution,thelocomotivesandshipswerepoweredbysteamengines.B.Nowmorenewmanagementsystemshavebeeninventedtokeeptrainsandmetrosontime.C.Computerhasn’tbeenfitintothesatellitesystemandcan’tkeeptrackofeverything.D.Computersalsoareengagedinairtrafficcontrolfortake-offsandlandingsattheairports..5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,thefuturewouldbe?

Aupset

Bnochange

CchangedbytechnologyDgloomyUnitFourTransportationAnswers1.D2.C3.D4.D5.CUnitFourTransportationaUnit8PostgraduateIntensiveEnglish(II)PresentParticipleandPastParticipleGrammarpoint

UnitFourTransportationPresentParticipleandPastParticiple（现在分词和过去分词）分词有现在分词与过去分词两种。作为非谓语，分词可用作形容词和副词，在句中充当定语，表语，补语