2024届高考英语一轮复习课时提能练Unit2WildlifeProtection新人教版必修第二册含答案

Unit2WildlifeProtection一、阅读理解AAnewrulehasbeenpassedthatwillprotectmorethan50oftheworld’ssharkspecies，manyofwhichareendangered.ThedealwassignedbytheConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpeciesofWildFaunaandFlora（CITES），whichmanageshowpeopledealinplantsandanimals.Mostoftheworld’scountriesaremembersofCITES.Thedealputs60sharkspeciesundertheprotectionofCITES.Oneofthereasonssharksareendangeredisthattheyarehuntedfortheirfins（鳍），whichareusedinsharkfinsoup.Thesharksthatarehuntedmostfortheirfinsincludeblueandtigersharks.Thankstothisagreement，around95％ofsharksthatpeoplecatchfortheirfinsarenowprotected.Thismeansthatanyonetryingtobuyorsellthesetypesofsharksmustshowanofficialdocument.Theseofficialdocumentswillonlybegiventopeopleorcompaniesthathaveprovedtoscientiststhattheirbusinessdoesn’tendangerwildlifeordamagetheocean.Conservationistshopethedealwillprotectbiodiversityinthesea.Sharksareveryimportantforthisbecausetheyareusuallyapexanimalsthathunt，killandeatotheranimals.Thatmeanstheyareatthehighestpointofthe"foodchain".Ifsharksweretodisappear，itwouldseriouslyaffectsealifelowerdownthefoodchain，assomespecies’numberswouldincreasefast.Thiscouldaffectthedelicatebalanceofallsealife.Somebiologistshavecriticisedthenewrule.Theythinkthatmakingithardertofishforsharkswillmaketheirfinsevenmoreexpensive，whichwouldencourageillegalfishing.However，ShawnHeinrichsfromOnlyOne，agroupthatcampaignstoprotecttheocean，calledit"thebiggestwininthehistoryofoceanspecies".本文是说明文，主要围绕一项旨在管理鲨鱼贸易的新协议展开。【词语积累】endangeredadj.（动植物）濒临灭绝的，濒危的conservationistn.自然环境保护主义者biodiversityn.生物多样性【熟词生义】campaign常用义：n.运动，战役文中义：v.领导运动1.Whywasthenewdealmade？A.Tocontrolthetradeinendangeredsharks.B.Topreservebiodiversityinthesea.C.Tobanpeoplefromfishingforsharks.D.Toprotectendangeredplantsandanimals.解析A细节理解题。由第一段中的"Thedealwassigned...whichmanageshowpeopledealinplantsandanimals"和第二段中的"Thankstothisagreement...anyonetryingtobuyorsellthesetypesofsharksmustshowanofficialdocument"可知，这一新协议是用来管理鲨鱼贸易的，故选A。2.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"apex"inparagraph3？A.Frightening. B.Major.C.Dangerous. D.Top.解析D词义猜测题。由"Thatmeanstheyareatthehighestpointofthe‘foodchain’"可知，鲨鱼通常都是位于食物链顶端的动物，它们追捕、杀死并吃掉其他动物，因此选D。3.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthenewrulefromthelastparagraph？A.Itcanpreventillegalfishing.B.Itisadebatabledeal.C.Itdoeswondersforoceanspecies.D.Itisquestionedbymostbiologists.解析B推理判断题。由最后一段中的"Somebiologistshavecriticisedthenewrule"以及"However，ShawnHeinrichsfromOnlyOne...calledit‘thebiggestwininthehistoryofoceanspecies’"可知，人们对这一新协议的态度并不一样，有些人支持，有些人反对，因此这一新协议是有争议的，故选B。4.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthistext？A.NationsSignUptoSaveSharksB.NewRulesBenefitLifeintheOceanC.SharksAreVitaltoOceanBiodiversityD.CITESAimstoProtectOceanSpecies解析A标题归纳题。本文主要围绕一项旨在保护鲨鱼的新协议展开，故选A。B[生态环保/2023山东潍坊统考]TheAtlanticsalmon（鲑）ofScotlandarehardyanddeterminedanimals.Eachspringandsummer，theyreturnfromtheNorthAtlanticOceantolayeggsinScotland’sshallowrivers，leapingupwaterfallsandoverbarriers，pushingthemselvesupstreaminenormousefforts.Somefail，andtheotherssucceed，buttodaytheyfaceanotherchallenge.Duringthemid-1980s，therewerebetweeneightandtenmillionsalmonswimmingaroundScotland’sAtlanticcoast；thatnumberhasnowdroppedsharply.There’sevidenceofrisingat-seadeathasclimatechangewarmsandacidifiestheocean，reducingtheavailabilityofthesalmon’sprey（猎物）.Newresearchsuggestsclimatechangeisalsobearingdownonrivers，whichisbadnewsforsalmon.Havingadaptedtolifeincoldwater，salmonexperienceslowgrowthandpopulationchangesathightemperatures.Heatinfluencestheirhealthandreducestheirresistancetodisease."Nowsalmonarestrugglingtodealwiththerisingtemperatures.Therearerecentrecordsof27℃intheupperreachesoftheDeecatchment，"saysPeterCairns，directorofanenvironmentalcharity.In2018，Scotlandrecordedthelowestrodcatchforsalmonsincerecordsbegan.Evidencesuggeststhatthedegradedqualityofrivercatchmentsworsenstheimpactofourchangingclimate."AtlanticsalmonevolvedusingriversystemsinScotlandthatwereoncewaymoreforestedandthereforeshaded，"saysCairns.YetScotlandistodayoneoftheleastwoodedcountriesinEurope，withjust3percentofitsnativewoodlandundamaged.Scientistshavefoundthatjust35percentofriversinScotlandhaveenoughtreecoverforsalmonsurvival.Amovementtogettreesbackonriverbanksisgatheringpace."Broadleaftreesclosetothebankcanreducethelightthatentersthewater，"explainsfisheriesscientistAnthonyHawkins.AnewinitiativecalledRiverwoods—ledbytheScottishWildlifeTrustandsupportedbyScottishWaterandseveralothergovernmentandregulatorybodies—aimstocreateanetworkofwoodlandsalongScotland’sriverbanks，andhasalreadyreceivedanumberoflargefunds."Moneyisnotthepressingbusiness.Riverhealthiscomplex，buttreeplantingisoneofthemostbasicthingswecangetstartedwithrightaway，"saysCairns.全球变暖给大西洋鲑的生存带来了极大的挑战，为了给大西洋鲑提供更好的生存环境，苏格兰有关部门计划在河岸上植树。【词语积累】hardyadj.能吃苦耐劳的，适应力强的；耐寒的acidifyv.（使）变成酸，酸化beardownon加压力于woodedadj.树木覆盖的pressingadj.紧迫的，不容忽视的1.WhydoAtlanticsalmonmakegreatjourneysbacktotherivers？A.Tosearchforfoods.B.Toreproduce.C.Theriversarerelativelycool.D.Theseasareincreasinglywarm.解析B细节理解题。由第一段中的"Eachspringandsummer，theyreturnfromtheNorthAtlanticOceantolayeggsinScotland’sshallowrivers"可知，大西洋鲑每年春夏之际会洄游到苏格兰去产卵，故B项正确。reproduce繁殖，生育。2.Howdotherisingtemperaturesinriversaffectsalmon？A.Theymakethemgrowmorequickly.B.Theymakethemmoreheat-resistant.C.Theymakethemlessactiveinwater.D.Theymakethemmorelikelytogetdiseases.解析D细节理解题。由第二段最后一句"Heatinfluencestheirhealthandreducestheirresistancetodisease"可知，高温影响了大西洋鲑的健康，降低了它们对疾病的抵抗力，据此可推知，它们更容易得病，故D项正确。3.WhatisachallengeforsalmonwhentheyreturntoScotland’srivers？A.Thereisashortageoffood.B.Therearemanyfishermen.C.Theecologicalenvironmenthaschanged.D.Theriversystemsareunsuitablefortheforestgrowth.解析C细节理解题。由第三段中的"‘AtlanticsalmonevolvedusingriversystemsinScotland...oneoftheleastwoodedcountriesinEurope"可知，大西洋鲑已经适应了苏格兰森林茂密的生态环境，然而现在的苏格兰却成了欧洲树木覆盖最少的国家之一，这对大西洋鲑来说是一个挑战，故C项正确。4.WhatdoesCairnsreallyintendtotellusinthelastparagraph？A.Itisurgenttoplantriverbanktrees.B.Itistoohardtorestoretheriverhealth.C.Thereisenoughmoneyfortheproject.D.Therearetoomanyvitalthingstodealwith.解析A推理判断题。由最后一段中Cairns所说的话中的"treeplantingisoneofthemostbasicthingswecangetstartedwithrightaway"可知，Cairns认为种树是可以立刻开始着手做的事情之一，据此可以推断，Cairns认为当务之急是种植河岸树木，故A项正确。二、完形填空[2023广东深圳一调]NatalieandCallie，both13yearsold，startedraisingmonarchbutterflies（黑脉金斑蝶）forfunin2020.Butafterrealizingmonarchbutterflieswereanendangeredspecies，their1soonturnedintoaseriousmission.Theylearnedthatthepopulationofmonarchbutterflieshad2sincetheearly1990s，duetohabitat3andwidespreaduseofchemicals，whichmademilkweedsmonarchbutterflies4fortheirmaindietdangeroustoeat.Sothegirlsteamedupwithanationalnonprofitgrouptoplantanativegarden5forthebutterflies.Thegardengreworganicmilkweedsthat6andkeptthebutterflies.Tohelp7thelocalstosustainthemonarchbutterfly’spopulation，theycreatedanexhibitionaboutmonarchbutterfliesinthelocallibrary.Theyalsowantedtoputupaneducationalsignintown，butit8alot.Tocovertheexpense，theysetupastandattheFarmersMarkettoselltheir9milkweedsforpeopletoplant.Althoughthefundraisingdayswere10，theyfinallysucceededinearningenoughmoneywiththeirhardworkandpeople’ssupport.TheteamhaswontheSilverAwardfortheir11oftakingcareofthesebutterflies，buttheyarenot12withtheirwork."Ournextstepistocutdownontheuseof13toguaranteeasafeenvironmentforthemonarchbutterflies，"saidNatalie.Intheawardceremony，theirteacherBrian14，"Iamsoproudofthemfortheirconstant15."13岁的Natalie和Callie之前把养黑脉金斑蝶当作一个业余爱好，但是当了解到黑脉金斑蝶是濒危物种后，她们便开始采取措施保护黑脉金斑蝶。1.A.dream B.hobbyC.career D.decision解析B由上文中的"startedraisingmonarchbutterflies（黑脉金斑蝶）forfun"可知，Natalie和Callie把养黑脉金斑蝶当作一种业余爱好（hobby）。2.A.doubled B.agedC.declined D.exploded解析C由上文中的"monarchbutterflieswereanendangeredspecies"可知，黑脉金斑蝶的数量下降（declined）了。3.A.management B.assessmentC.selection D.destruction解析D由语境可知，此处说的是黑脉金斑蝶数量下降的原因。由空后的"widespreaduseofchemicals"和常识可知，黑脉金斑蝶数量下降的原因之一是栖息地遭到了破坏（destruction）。management经营，管理；assessment评估，评定；selection选择，挑选，选拔。4.A.reliedon B.keptoffC.brokedownD.gaveaway解析A黑脉金斑蝶主要依赖（reliedon）马利筋草而生。keepoff与……保持距离；breakdown分解，出故障，失败；giveaway赠送，泄露。5.A.partly B.secretlyC.rarely D.specially解析D两个女孩联合一个国家级非营利性团体专门（specially）为黑脉金斑蝶在当地种出了一个花园。6.A.attracted B.protectedC.monitored D.trapped解析A上文中讲到了马利筋草是黑脉金斑蝶的主要食物，那么，有机的马利筋草可以吸引（attracted）黑脉金斑蝶。7.A.employ B.educateC.force D.limit解析B由语境和常识可知，她们在当地图书馆举办展览是为了教导（educate）当地人维持黑脉金斑蝶的数量。employ雇用，使用，运用；force强迫；limit限制。8.A.meant B.costC.changed D.hurt解析B由下文中的"Tocovertheexpense"和"thefundraising"可知，在镇里搭建教育标牌花费（cost）很大。9.A.dry B.medicalC.healthy D.wild解析Chealthy（健康的）符合语境。10.A.pleasing B.lightC.long D.disappointing解析C由Although和下文中的"theyfinallysucceededinearningenoughmoney"可以推知，筹款活动花费的时间有点儿长（long）。11.A.project B.conceptC.schedule D.assignment解析A此处指的是她们保护黑脉金斑蝶的项目（project）。concept概念，观念；schedule工作计划，日程安排；assignment（分派的）工作，任务。12.A.concerned B.connectedC.finished D.occupied解析C由下文中的"Ournextstepistocutdownontheuse"可知，她们保护黑脉金斑蝶的行动并没有结束（finished）。concerned担心的，忧虑的；connected有关联的；occupied忙于……的。13.A.chemicals B.timeC.funds D.energy解析A由上文中的"widespreaduseofchemicals"和下文中的"guaranteeasafeenvironmentforthemonarchbutterflies"可知，她们的下一步是要减少化学品（chemicals）的使用。14.A.quoted B.continuedC.replied D.commented解析D由"Iamsoproudofthemfortheirconstant15"可知，引号中的内容是老师的评论，故选D。15.A.donations B.supportC.patience D.efforts解析D由全文内容可知，Natalie和Callie一直在为保护黑脉金斑蝶努力，老师也为此感到骄傲，故选D。三、语法填空[生态环保/]Themountainbongoantelope（山地紫羚），oneofthemostendangeredanimals，islikelytocontinuewanderinginthewildforlonger.1（follow）18yearsofconservationefforts，staffmembersfromtheMountKenyaWildlifeConservancyreachedamilestonethisyear—thefirstbabymountainbongowasborninthewild.Unique2equatorialforests，themountainbongoisthelargestandmostcolorfuloftheforestantelopesinAfrica.Thisspecies3（see）adramaticdeclineinnumbersinthelastfewdecadesfrom4estimatedpopulationof25，000tolessthan100.Itspopulationdeclinewas5（main）human-driven.NowtheconservancyismakingeffortsinpartnershipwiththeKenyangovernmenttohelpthemountainbongothroughone6（innovate）breeding（饲养）andrewildingprogram."Duetothemassivedecline，we7（leave）withlessthan100ofthespeciesinthewild.Themountainb