湖南省百校大联考2023-2024年高二上学期12月考试英语试题

高二英语试卷注意事项:1.答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时.先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.₤19.15.B.₤9.18.C.₤9.15.答案是C.1.Whatwouldthemanliketoorder?A.Acupoftea.B.Someapplejuice.C.Somecoffee.2.Whichprogramdoesthemanlikebest?A.News.B.History.C.Sports.3.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Salesgirlandcustomer.B.Passengeranddriver.C.Wifeandhusband.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inabank.B.Inadepartmentstore.C.Inaticketoffice.5.Whendidthefireprobablybreakout?A.Atabout7.B.Atabout8.C.Atabout9.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A.B.C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6.7题。6.Whatdoestheman'sfriendwanttodrink?A.Milkwithsugar.B.Orangejuice.C.Coffeewithmilk.7.Howmuchshouldthemanpay?A.10yuan.B.90yuan.C.100yuan.听第7段材料,回答第8.9题。8.WhodidFredhaveafightwithlastnight?A.Astorekeeper.B.Apoliceman.C.Hisbrother.9.WhereisFrednow?A.Inthepolicestation.B.Inthehospital.C.Athome,听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。10.WhosehouseisthegirlgoingtoonSunday?A.Mary's.B.Susie's.C.Jenny's.11.WhatwillthegirlprobablydoonFriday?A.Seeamovie.B.Goshopping.C.Watchabasketballgame.12.Whydoesthegirlwantherfathertobuyanewbackpackforher?A.Herbackpackislost.B.Herbackpackisbroken.C.Herbackpackisfullofbooks.听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。13.InwhichplacedidLisafindthewallet?A.Apark.B.Aparkinglot.C.Ashoppingmall.14.Whatisinsidethewallet?A.Aphotoofaperson.B.SomepaperandanIDcard.C.Somemoneyandbusinesscards.15.Whodoesthewalletprobablybelongto?A.Abusinessman.B.Anoldlady.C.Aschoolboy.16.HowwillLisagetintouchwiththewallet'sowner?A.Byaskingthepoliceforhelp.B.Bymakingatelephonecall.C.Bywaitingwhereshefoundthewallet.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17.Whomentionedinthespeechusecamelsintheirsports?A.Americans.B.TheArabs.C.Chinesepeople.18.Whichsporthasthelongesthistory?A.Volleyball.B.Basketball,C.Running.19.Howoldisvolleyballsport?A.Lessthan200years.B.About300years.C.Over1,000years.20.Whatoftenesoutofagameinthespeaker'sopinion?A.Friendship.B.Indignity.C.War.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B.C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFourInventionsThatChangedtheWorldThecourseofhumanevolutionhasbeenfilledwithinventions.Thefollowinginventionschangedtheworldinonewayoranother.MatchManyofuswonderwhatlifewaslikebeforematches.WecanthankaBritishpharmacistandhisdirtymixingstick.In1820s,JohnWalkernoticedadriedlumpontheendofastickwhilehewasstirringamixofchemicals.Whenhetriedtoscrape(刮掉)itoff,flamesappeared.Theinitialmatchesweremadeofcardboardbutsoonthematchescameinaboxequippedwithapieceofsandpaperforstriking.PenicillinPenicillinwasdiscoveredin1928whenayoungbacteriologist,AlexanderFleming,wastidyinguphislab.Afterhavingbeenonvacation,hereturnedtoworktofindthatadishofStaphylococcusbacteriahadbeenleftuncovered,andhenoticedthatmould(霉菌)ontheculturehadkilledmanyofthebacteria.Hisfurtherresearchfoundthatitcouldkillotherbacteria.MicrowaveOvenOfallthescifikitchenappliances,themicrowaveovenreallyrelievestheloadonhousewives.Itwasdiscoveredinthe1940s.WhenPercySpencer,anengineer,wasworkingonamagnetron(磁控管),henoticedthatachocolatebarinhispockethadstartedtomeltduetothemicrowaves.Spencerfoundthatindeed,whenfoodwasplacedintheboxwiththemicrowaveenergy,itcookedquickly.PlasticThefirstplasticwasinventedin1907byLeoHendrikBaekeland.Hisinitialquestwastoinventareadyreplacementforshellac(虫胶)，anexpensiveproductgotfromlacbeetles.Baekelandbinedformaldehyde(甲醛)withawasteproductofcoal,andheatedthemixture.Ratherthanashellaclikematerial,hecreatedasubstancethatdidn'tmeltunderheatandstress.21.Whoinventedmatches?A.JohnWalker.B.AlexanderFleming.C.PercySpencer.D.LeoHendrikBaekeland.22.WhathadLeoHendrikBaekelandoriginallyintendedtoinvent?A.Ashellaclikematerial.B.Aproductfromlacbeetles.C.Areplacementforshellac.D.Awasteproductofcoal.23.Whatdothefourinventionshaveinmon?A.Theyweretheresultsofjointefforts.B.Theyweretheaccidentaldiscoveries.C.Theywerethefruitsofyearsofresearch.D.Theywereunacceptedwheningout.BItwas1963intheTorontosuburb.Iwaseightyearsoldandhockey(冰球)crazy.Mynexttzeroskillshadniotstoppedmypassionforthegame.TheplayersofthegreathockeyclubTorontoMapleLeafswereofcoursemyheroes,andtheirpostersandphotoscoveredthewallsofmyroom,Thereisalwayssomepricetopayformaintainingalove.Iraisedfundsinanoldfashionedway,sellingsomethingthepubliccouldactuallysinktheirteethinto.IjoinedthelocalannualeventMargaret'sDoughnuts(甜甜圈)toselldoughnuts,whichofferedchoicesofhoneyglazedorchocolateglazed.DoortodoorIwent,notebookinhandtorecord.1solddozensofdozens;hardlyasoulturnedmedown.Mynotebookwasalmostfull,andmystomachwasalmostemptywhenIwentupthelasthouseonthesouthside.Irangthedoorbellandwentovermyspeechwhilestaringatthescreendoor.Suddenly,thedooropened.Myunforgettablememorywaslookingupfromalargepairoffuzzyslippers,wayup，tothefacestaringdown.Istoodtherespeechlessforwhatseemed10years,openingandclosingmymouthlikeafishoutofwater.Collectingmycalmness,butstillunabletogointodoughnutpromotingoverdrive,Itoldhimsomethingheseemedhavealreadyknownandherepliedwithanodandasmile.Ihaveanunclearmemoryofmurmuringthroughmyspeech"Pleasebuysomedoughnuts"，andthenavividmemoryofhimtakingthenotebookfrommyhand.Ifollowedwithnewinformation—thatwesharedourgivenname.Withpridefromourfirstnamebasisfarewells,Iflewhomeholdingthenotebooktightlytomychest.Thenextmorningbeforetheschoolbell,Icautiouslyshowedoffthepreciouspaper.Itissurelyminealonetoclaim:IsoldadozendoughnutstoTimHorton,oneofmymostrespectedplayerswholivedamerethreeblocksaway!24.Whatcanweknowabouttheauthor?A.Heobtainedpostersandphotosfromastarteam.B.HejoinedTorontoMapleLeafsasayoungchild.C.Hewasnotmuchofanexperiencedhockeyplayer.D.Hisloveforhockeywasinfluencedbyastarteam.25.Whydidtheauthorselldoughnuts?A.Tofollowthefashion.B.Torespondtoanevent.C.Totastemoreflavors.D.Topursuehishobby.26.Whathappenedtotheauthorwhenhemettheownerofthelasthouse?A.Hewassospeechlesswithastonishment.B.Hewaslookeddownuponbytheowner.C.Hewasscaredbytheowner'sappearance.D.Heforgothisspeechforsellingdoughnuts.27.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.ASuccessfulSalePromotionOfDoughnutsB.AnAmazingJourneyToFollowingMyDreamC.AGratefulDoughnutHelpingAwakenMyDreamD.AnUnexpectedMeetingWithMyFavoriteHockeyCFreshfishshouldhaveamildsmell.Strongfishysmellsarethefirstsignstogobed.Howdothefishysmellsefrom?Itcanbeseveraldaysfromwhenthefisharecaughttowhentheyreachthesupermarket.Inthattime,bacteriathatgrownaturallyinfishstarttoconsumeasubstancecalledtrimethylamineNoxide(TMAO)infish.ThesebacteriachangeTMAOintotrimethylamine(TMA)，thesubstanceresponsibleforthefishysmells.Bacteriainfishcanalsochangelysine(赖氨酸)intocadaverine(尸胺)，asubstancethat'sassociatedwithbreakingdownthefishoncetheyarecaughtandgivingofffishysmell.Chemicalreactionscanalsoleadtofishysmell.Thishappensthroughtheoxidation(氧化)offat.Fishareanimportantsourceofomega3fattyacids.Whenthesefatsareexposedtooxygen,theyoxidizeandbreakdownintothesubstancethatyoucansmell.Toslowdownthefishysmell,whatisbeyondquestionisthatthelesstimebetweenwhenthefisharecaughtandwhentheyreachthekitchen,thebetter.Buttoday,fishareoftenflownacrosstheglobe.Tokeepsmellproducingbacteriaatbay,thefishmustbefrozenorkeptatthelowetemperaturepossibleassoonastheyarecaughtandcleaned.Contollingfatoxidationcanfunctionaswell,especiallyforfattierfishspecies.Whilefreezingslowsbacterialgrowth,itdoesnotstopfatoxidation.Thisreactionwilloccuraslongasoxygenispresent.Fattyfishareusuallynotfrozenbecause,despitethecoldtemperature,they'regoingtooxidizeprettyfastunlesstheyarestoredinalowoxygencontainer.That'swhythosespeciesareoftencanned.It'salsoimportanttorememberthatsmellisnotalwaysanindicatorofsafety,especiallyinprocessedfishproducts.“Whatyoumightconsiderthefishysmellmaybeadelicacyinanotherculture,"saidCarlA.Batt,aprofessoroffoodscienceatCornellUniversity.28.Whichofthefollowinghasthefishysmell?A.Fishfat.B.TMAO.C.Cadaverine.D.Lysine.29.Whatisthebestwaytoreducethefishysmelloffatfishspecies?A.Dryingthemintheair.B.Storingtheminclosedcontainers.C.Carefullycleaningthem.D.Exposingthemtorichoxygen.30.WhatisCarlA.Batt'sattitudetothefishysmell?A.Objective.B.Negative.C.Acceptable.D.Unclear.31.Howisthetextorganized?A.TopicExampleConclusion.B.TopicparisonOpinion.C.QuestionCauseSolution.D.QuestionEffectOpinion.DAtomicshapesaresosimplethattheycan'tbebrokendownanyfurther.Mathematiciansaretryingtoturntoartificialintelligence(AI)forhelptobuildaperiodictableoftheseshapes,hopingitwillassistinfindingyetunknownatomicshapes.TomCoatesatImperialCollegeLondonandhiscolleaguesareworkingtoclassifyatomicshapesknownasFanovarieties,whicharesosimplethattheycan'tbebrokendownintosmallerponents.Justaschemistsarrangedelementsintheperiodictablebytheiratomicweightandgrouptorevealnewinsights,theresearchershopethatorganizingtheseatomicshapesbytheirvariouspropertieswillhelpinunderstandingthem.Theteamhasgiveneachatomicshapeasequenceofnumbersbasedonitsfeaturessuchasthenumberofholesithasortheextenttowhichitbendsarounditself,Thisactsasabarcode(条形码)toidentifyit.CoatesandhiscolleagueshavenowcreatedanAIthatcanpredictcertainpropertiesoftheseshapesfromtheirbarcodenumbersalone,withanaccuracyof98percent.TheteammemberAlexanderKasprzykattheUniversityofNottingham,UK,saysthattheAIhaslettheteamorganizeatomicshapesinawaythatbeginstofollowtheperiodictable,sothatwhenyoureadfromlefttoright,orupanddown,thereseemtobegeneralpatternsinthegeometry(几何)oftheshapes.GrahamNibloattheUniversityofSouthampton,UK,stressesthathumanswillstillneedtounderstandtheresultsprovidedbyAIandcreateproofsoftheseideas.“AIhasdefinitelygotunbelievableabilities.Butinthesamewaythattelescopes(望远镜)don'tputastronomersoutofwork,AIdoesn'tputmathematiciansoutofwork,"hesays.“Itjustgivesusnewbackingthatallowsustoexplorepartsofthemathematicallandscapethatareoutofreach.”Theteamhopestoimprovethemodeltothepointwheremissingspacesinitsperiodictablecouldpointtotheexistenceofunknownshapes.32.Whatisthepurposeofbuildingaperiodictableofshapes?A.Togaindeeperinsightsintotheatomicshapes.B.TocreateanAItopredicttheunknownshapes.C.Tobreakdownatomicshapesintosmallerparts.D.Toarrangechemicalelementsintheperiodictable.33.Whatcanthebarcodeofeachatomicshapetellus?A.Itsholes.B.Itsbends.C.Itsatomicweight.D.Itsproperties.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"backing"inparagraph5mean?A.Design.B.Help.C.Duty.D.Threat.35.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.ThankstoAI,newatomicshapeshavebeendiscovered.B.MathematiciansturntoAItocreatemoreatomicshapes.C.AIhelpsbuildarelationshipbetweenchemistryandmaths.D.AperiodictableofshapescanbebuiltwiththehelpofAI.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoDesignaSmallGardenEvenifyoudon'thavealargeareainyouryard,youcansillmakeabeautifulgardenthatmaximizesthespaceyouhavebyfollowingtips._36_.Lookforaplaceinyouryardwhereyoucanseeyourgardenfromawindoworaspotinyouryardsothatyou'reabletoenjoyit.Makesureyoucanwalkintoyourgardenwitheasetomakeiteasiertotakecareofyourplants._37_.Planthelayoutforyourgardenbydrawingtheoutlineonthepaper.Startbysketchinglongerrectangles(矩形)foryourgardenbedssothey'retoscalefortheactualsizeyouwantthem._38_.Besuretoleavean18inchspacebetweengardenbedssoyoucaneasilywalkbetweenthemandcareforyourplants.Arrangeyourdesignsotherearefocalpoint.Aimtohave12aspectsofyourgardendesignuniquesotheystandoutfromtherestofyourplants._39_.Takeintoconsiderationwhereyouwantpeopletofocusorhavetheirattentiondrawntowhentheylookatyourgarden,andplanyourdesignaroundthosespots.Focalpointshelpyourgardenfeelmoreinvitingandmakethemmorevisuallypleasing.Putsimilarplantsacrossfromoneanothertocreaterhythmandsymmetry(对称).Ratherthanputdifferentplantsineachofyourgardenbeds,choosetousethesameplantoronesthathavesimilartexturesorcolorssotheyreacrossfromoneanother._40_.A.AndavoidanyinconveniencecausedbydifficultaccessB.TrytopositionsmallerplantsinbetweenlargeronesC.PickaplacewhereyoucaneasilygettoyourgardenD.YoumaystillbeabletomeasurethelengthofE.ThendividetherectanglesintosmallersectionsfordifferentplantsF.ThiscouldbeastatueorafountainplacedinthecenteroroneithersideG.Thatway,whenyoulookatyourgarden,itwilllookinvitingandmaketheareafeelmorebalanced第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A.B.C.D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MyworldchangedwhenIwasvisitingmybestfriendBeckythreeyearsago.Herdoghad_41_alitterofpupsandtherewasonepuppyleftwhenIarrived.Thepuppywasso_42_thatIstillrememberBeckysaying,“Don'tgettoo_43_,andIknowyouaren'tintoadog.”Unexpectedly,afewdaysintomyvisit,it_44_thatthislittlepuppywasinghomewithme!1calledhimTimmy.Whengettinghome,itwasveryclearthatmytwocatswerenotsoenthusiasticaboutthenew_45_toourfamily.Ittookawhileforthethreeofthemtofindtheir_46_，and,forme,havingapuppyreallytooksometimetoadaptto,whowasalwaysso_47_andwantedtobeeverywhereIwas.Icouldn'tbelievehow_48_thislittlepuppywasonmytimeandlove.Inspiteofthat,therewere_49_timeswhenIwonderedifI'dmadethewrongdecisionespeciallywhenheput_50_inmyclothes.IsoonlearnedthatIcouldn't_51_thingsonthefloornothingwassafefromthoselittleteeth!TimmyisnowthreeyearsoldandIlove_52_attheparkswithmybestbuddy.Hestillfollowsmearoundlikea_53_.WhereverIgo,mylittleman,whohasgotthebest_54_thatwinseveryoneover.Ican't_55_himnotbeingrightatmyheelsnow.41.A.abandonedB.identifiedC.seenD.had42.A.puzzlingB.fascinatingC.depressingD.frightening43.A.attachedB.occupiedC.frightenedD.amused44.A.witnessedB.reportedC.happenedD.implied45.A.contributionB.generationC.binationD.addition46.A.shelterB.rhythmC.featureD.habitat47.A.energeticB.generousC.brilliantD.considerate48.A.preciousB.significantC.dependentD.essential49.A.hopefullyB.fortunatelyC.rarelyD.definitely50.A.patternsB.holesC.buttonsD.paints51.A.leaveB.seekC.tailorD.drag52.A.cuttinginB.fadingoutC.showingupD.hangingout53.A.shadowB.dogC.friendD.thief54.A.capabilityB.positionC.personalityD.diversity55.A.cheatB.pictureC.reflectD.suggest第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。“Chinawouldalwaysprovideimportantopportunitiesforglobaldevelopment,andthenationwouldremainmittedto_56_(drive)economicglobalizationinamoreopen,balancedandwinwindirection,"anofficialsaidonthesixthChinaInternationalImportExpo(CIIE)onSunday.InhisspeechontheCIIE,whichopenedinShanghai,hementionedthatvariousnationsshould_57_(joint)seekdevelopmentinthesluggish(迟缓的)globaleconomicrecovery."TheCIIE，first_58_(hold)in2018，servesasaplatformforinternationalprocurement(采购)，investmentpromotionandpeopletopeopleexchanges,_59_hascontributedtoencouraginganewdevelopmentpatternandglobaleconomicgrowth,"theofficialnoted.Healsoexpressedthe_60_(expect)thattheannualexpocouldfunctionasagatewaytothenewdevelopmentpatternandpresentnewopportunitiestotheworldwithChina'sfreshdevelopment.Additionally,hesaidtheCIIE_61_(play)itsroleasaplatformby2022tomaketheChinesemarket_62_majoronesharedbytheworld,sothatthewholeworldcouldbenefit._63_winwincooperation.TheofficialalsostressedBeijing'sefforts_64_(advance)openingupwithgreatermarketopportunities,_65_(far)creatingimmenseeconomicgrowthfortheworld.第四部分。写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假定你是李华，日前你校餐厅存在浪费食物的现象。为了杜绝该不良现象,你校英语俱乐部组织了主题为“珍惜食物,杜绝浪费”的演讲活动。请你写一篇演讲稿参加此次活动，内容包括:1.浪费食物的现象;2.浪费食物的原因;3.杜绝浪费食物的措施。注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Hello,everyone!That'sall,thankyou!第二节(满分25分)阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成篇完整的短文。Anoldandfragilewomanapproachedaverybusyroadinter