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HowtopreventCOVID-19EnglishLearnaboutCOVID-19MethodstopreventCOVID-19developimmunityfromdiseaseCOVID-19VaccinationCountermeasuresforCOVID-19LearnaboutCOVID-1901Highinfectiousness01COVID-19istransmittedthroughrespiratorydropletsandcontactwithcontaminatedsurfaces,makingithighlyinfectious.Symptoms02Commonsymptomsincludefever,cough,andfatigue.Somepatientsmayalsoexperienceshortnessofbreath,sorethroat,orlossoftasteorsmell.Severity03COVID-19canrangefrommildtosevere,withseverecasesleadingtopneumonia,respiratoryfailure,andevendeath.CharacteristicsofCOVID-010203DirectcontactWhenaninfectedpersoncoughsorsneezes,respiratorydropletsarereleasedintotheair.Ifthesedropletsareinhaledorentertheeyes,nose,ormouthofanotherperson,transmissionoccurs.IndirectcontactContaminatedsurfacescanspreadthevirusiftouchedbyaninfectedpersonandthentouchedbyanotherperson.CommunityspreadInfectedindividualsmayspreadtheviruswithoutknowingtheyaresick,makingitdifficulttotraceandcontrol.TransmissionmodeofCOVID-CoughAhackingcoughthatmaypersistforseveralweeks.ShortnessofbreathDifficultybreathingthatmayworsenovertime.LossoftasteorsmellAreducedabilitytotasteorsmellthatmaypersistevenaftersymptomssubside.FeverAhightemperature(above37.5°C)thatmayspiketoover39°C.FatigueExtremetirednessthatmakesitdifficulttoperformdailyactivities.SorethroatAscratchythroatthatmaybeaccompaniedbyatickleinthebackofthethroat.010203040506SymptomsofCOVID-MethodstopreventCOVID-1902WearingamaskisoneofthemosteffectivewaystopreventthespreadofCOVID-19.Itcoversthemouthandnose,reducingtheriskofdroplettransmissionwhencoughing,sneezingorspeaking.Whenwearingamask,makesureitfitswellandisnotlooseorsagging.Avoidtouchingthemaskwithuncleanhandstopreventcross-contamination.WearamaskFrequenthandwashingisessentialtoreducethespreadofCOVID-19.Usesoapandwater,orahandsanitizerwithatleast60%alcohol,tocleanhandsthoroughlyforatleast20seconds.Makesuretowashhandsaftertouchingpublicsurfaces,beforeeatingandafterusingthebathroom.WashhandsmoreoftenStayatleast1meter(3feet)awayfromotherstoreducetheriskofdroplettransmission.Avoidclosecontactwithpeoplewhoarecoughing,sneezingorshowingsymptomsofCOVID-19.Whenmeetingwithothers,considerusingvideoconferencingorphonecallsinsteadofface-to-facemeetingstominimizecontact.MaintainsocialdistanceStayawayfromcrowdedplacesandavoidlargegatheringstoreducetheriskofexposuretoCOVID-19.Thishelpstoreducethepotentialfordroplettransmissioninconfinedspaceswithmanypeople.Whengoingoutinpublic,trytoavoidpublictransportationorenclosedspaceswherepeoplearegatheredcloselytogether.Avoidcrowdedplacesdevelopimmunityfromdisease03EatavarietyoffoodsAbalanceddietthatincludesfruits,vegetables,wholegrains,leanprotein,andhealthyfatscanhelpsupportyourimmunesystem.LimitprocessedfoodsandsugarysnacksConsumingtoomuchprocessedfoodandsugarysnackscanweakenyourimmunesystemandmakeyoumoresusceptibletoillness.DrinkplentyofwaterStayinghydratedisessentialformaintainingthehealthofyourimmunesystem.ReasonabledietModerateexerciseStretchingandbalanceexercisescanhelpimproveyourflexibilityandreducetheriskoffallsandinjuries.IncorporateflexibilityandbalanceexercisesRegularexercisecanhelpstrengthenyourimmunesystembyimprovingcirculationandoxygenationofyourbody.ExerciseregularlyIfyoufeelunwell,it'sbesttorestandavoidstrenuousexercisetopreventfurtherstressonyourbody.AvoidstrenuousexercisewhensickGetenoughsleepeverynightSleepisessentialformaintainingthehealthofyourimmunesystem.Adultsshouldaimfor7-9hoursofsleeppernight.CreateacalmingbedroomenvironmentMakesureyourbedroomisdark,quiet,andcool,andusecalmingbedtimeroutinestopromotebettersleep.AvoidscreensforatleastanhourbeforebedThebluelightfromscreenscan干扰睡眠，soit'sbesttoavoidusingscreensforatleastanhourbeforebedtime.Ensureadequatesleep010203PracticestressmanagementtechniquesTechniqueslikedeepbreathing,meditation,andjournalingcanhelpreducestressandanxietyandimproveyourmentalwellbeing.ConnectwithothersHavingastrongsocialsupportnetworkcanhelpimproveyourmentalwellbeingandprovideemotionalcomfortduringstressfultimes.Prioritizeself-careTakingtimeforself-careactivitieslikereading,gardening,orsimplyrelaxingcanhelpimproveyourmentalwellbeingandreducestresslevels.MaintainapositivemindsetCOVID-19Vaccination04要点三mRNAvaccinesThesevaccinesusegeneticmaterialfromthevirustotraintheimmunesystemtorecognizeandattackit.Pfizer-BioNTechandModernaarethemostwell-knownmRNAvaccines.要点一要点二ViralvectorvaccinesThesevaccinesuseaharmlessvirustocarrythegeneticmaterialoftheCOVID-19virusandtriggeranimmuneresponse.AstraZeneca'svaccineisthebest-knownexampleofthistype.InactivatedvaccinesThesevaccinesuseakilledversionoftheCOVID-19virustotriggeranimmuneresponse.Sinovac'sCoronaVacisanexampleofaninactivatedvaccine.要点三TypesandfunctionsofCOVID-19vaccineTypesandfunctionsofCOVID-19vaccineSubunitvaccinesThesevaccinesuseonlythepartofthevirusthattriggersanimmuneresponse,ratherthanthewholevirus.Novavax'svaccineisasubunitvaccine.DNAvaccinesThesevaccinesuseasmallpieceofthevirus'sgeneticmaterialtotriggeranimmuneresponse.Inovio'svaccineisaDNAvaccine.Donottakethevaccineifyouareallergictoanyofitsingredients.Checktheingredientslistonthemanufacturer'swebsiteorwithyourhealthcareprovider.Avoidtakingthevaccineifyouarepregnantorbreastfeeding,unlessspecificallyrecommendedbyyourhealthcareprovider.Waitforatleast15minutesafterreceivingthevaccineincaseofaseverereaction.Ifnoreactionoccurs,youcanleave.DonottakethevaccineifyouarecurrentlyillwithCOVID-19orhavehadaseverereactiontothevaccineinthepast.PrecautionsforCOVID-19VaccinationContraindicationsSomepeopleshouldnottakethevaccine,includingthosewhohavehadasevereallergicreactiontoanyofitsingredients,arecurrentlyillwithCOVID-19,orareallergictoanyoftheingredientsinthevaccine.AdversereactionsCommonsideeffectsincludepain,swelling,andrednessattheinjectionsite,aswellasfatigue,headache,musclepain,fever,andjointpain.Thesesideeffectsareusuallymildandgoawaywithinafewdays.Severeallergicreactionsarerarebutcanbelife-threateningandshouldbetreatedimmediatelybycalling911orgoingtothenearestemergencyroom.ContraindicationsandadversereactionsofCOVID-19vaccinationCountermeasuresforCOVID-1905StayhomeandavoidgatheringsStayingathomeandavoidinggatheringswithpeoplefromoutsidethehouseholdcanhelpreducethespreadofthevirus.WearamaskWearingamaskinpublicplacesandwhensocialdistancingisnotpossibleiscrucialtopreventthespreadofthevirus.RegularhandwashingFrequenthandwashingwithsoapandwaterforatleast20secondscanhelpreducethespreadofthevirus.010203ComplywithepidemicpreventionregulationsGetreliableinformationStayinginformedwithreliablesourcesofinformationsuchastheWorldHealthOrganizationornationalhealthauthoritiescanhelpavoidpanicandmisinformation.A