2019年12月四级真题及答案第2套

2019年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套)PartⅠWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoaforeignfriendwhowantstolearnChinese.Pleaserecommendaplacetohim.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartⅡListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)Thenumberofmalenurseshasgonedown.Thereisdiscriminationagainstmalenurses.Thereisagrowingshortageofmedicalpersonnel.Thenumberofnurseshasdroppedtoarecordlow.2.A)Workingconditions.B)Educationalsystem.C)Inadequatepay.D)Culturalbias.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Hefelloutofalifeboat.B)Hewasalmostdrowned.C)Helosthiswayonabeach.D)Heenjoyedswimminginthesea.A)Thelifeboatspatrolthearearoundtheclock.Thebeachisagoodplacetowatchthetide.Theemergencyservicesareefficient.Thebeachisapopulartouristresort.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Itclimbed25storeysatonego.B)Itbrokeintoanofficeroom.C)Itescapedfromalocalzoo.D)Itbecameanonlinestar.6.A)Releaseitintothewild..B)Returnittoitsowner.C)Senditbacktothezoo.D)Giveitaphysicalcheckup.7.A)Araccooncanperformactsnohumancan.B)Araccooncanclimbmuchhigherthanacat.C)Theraccoondidsomethingnopoliticiancould.D)Theraccoonbecameasfamousassomepoliticians.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversations,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Shereceivedabonusunexpectedly.B)Shegotawell-payingjobinabank.C)Shereceivedherfirstmonthlysalary.D)Shegotapayraiseforherperformance.9.A)Twodecadesago.B)Severalyearsago.C)Justlastmonth.D)Rightaftergraduation.A)Hesentasmallchecktohisparents.Hetreatedhisparentstoanicemeal.Hetookafewofhisfriendstoagym.Heimmediatelydepositeditinabank.11.A)Joinhercolleaguesforgymexercise.B)Visitherformeruniversitycampus.C)Buysomeprofessionalclothes.D)Budgethersalarycarefully.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Hehasjusttoomanythingstoattendto.B)Hehasbeenoverworkedrecently.C)Hehasadifficultdecisiontomake.D)Hehasjustquarreledwithhisgirlfriend.13.A)Turntohisgirlfriendforassistance.B)Giveprioritytothingsmoreurgent.C)Thinktwicebeforemakingthedecision.D)Seekadvicefromhisfamilyandadvisor.14.A)Hisgirlfrienddoesnotsupporthisdecision.B)Heisnotparticularlykeenonthejoboffered.C)Helacksthemoneyforhisdoctoralprogram.D)Hisparentsandadvisorhavedifferentopinions.A)Theyneedtimetomakepreparations.Theyhaven'tstartedtheircareersyet.Theyneedtosaveenoughmoneyforit.Theyhaven'twontheirparents’approval.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Expressingideasandopinionsfreely.B)Enrichingsocialandintellectuallives.C)Acquiringinformationandprofessionalknowledge.D)Usinginformationtounderstandandsolveproblems.17.A)Travelingtodifferentplacesintheworld.B)Playinggamesthatchallengeone'smind.C)Improvingmind-readingstrategies.D)Readingclassicscientificliterature.18.A)Participateindebatesordiscussions.B)Exposethemselvestodifferentcultures.C)Discardpersonalbiasesandprejudices.D)Giveothersfreedomtoexpressthemselves.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Whydogscanbefaithfulfriendsofhumans.B)Thenatureofrelationshipsbetweendogs.C)Thereasonagreatmanypeoplelovedogs.D)Howdogsfeelabouttheirbondswithhumans.20.A)Theybehavelikeotheranimalsinmanyways.B)Theyhaveanunusualsenseofresponsibility.C)Theycanrespondtohumans’questions.D)Theycanfallinlovejustlikehumans.21.A)Theystaywithonepartnerforlife.B)Theyhavetheirownjoysandsorrows.C)Theyexperiencetrueromanticlove.D)Theyhelphumansinvariousways.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Arareanimal.B)Ahistoricalsite.C)Acowbone.D)Apreciousstone.23.A)Datingit.B)Preservingit.C)MeasuringitD)Identifyingit.24.A)Thechannelneedstointerviewtheboy.B)Theboyshouldhavecalledanexpert.C)Theboy'sfamilyhadactedcorrectly.D)Thesiteshouldhavebeenprotected.25.A)Conductamoredetailedsearch.B)AsktheuniversitytorewardJude.C)Searchforsimilarfossilselsewhere.D)Seekadditionalfundsforthesearch.PartIIIReadingComprehension (40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Finally,somegoodnewsaboutairplanetravel.Ifyouareonaplanewithasickpassenger,youareunlikelytogetsick.Thatisthe26ofanewstudythatlookedathowrespiratory（呼吸道）viruses27onairplanes.Researchersfoundthatonlypeoplewhowereseatedinindividual—hadahighriskofcatchingtheillness.Allotherpassengershadonlyavery28chanceofgettingsick,accordingtothefindings.Mediareportshavenotnecessarilypresented29informationabouttheriskofgettinginfectedonanairplaneinthepast.Therefore,thesenewfindingsshouldhelpairplanepassengerstofeelless30tocatchingrespiratoryinfectionswhiletravelingbyair.Priortothenewstudy,litterwasknownabouttherisksofgetting31infectedbycommonrespiratoryviruses,suchasthefluorcommoncold,onanairplane,theresearcherssaid.So,to32therisksofinfection,thestudyteamflewon10different33intheU.S.duringthefluseason.Theresearchersfoundthatpassengerssittingwithintwoseatson34sideofapersoninfectedwithflu,aswellasthosesittingonerowinfrontoforbehindthisindividual,hadaboutan80percentchanceofgettingsick.Butotherpassengerswere35safefrominfection.Theyhadalessthan3percentchanceofcatchingtheflu.A) accurateB) conclusionC) directlyD. eitherE) evaluateF) explorationsG) flightsH) largelyI) nearbyJ) respondK) slimL) spreadM) summitN) vividlyO) vulnerableSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.IsBreakfastReallytheMostImportantMealoftheDay?[A]Alongwitholdclassicslike“carrotsgiveyounightvision”and“Santadoesn'tbringtoystomisbehavingchildren”,oneofthemostwell-wornphrasesoftiredparentseverywhereisthatbreakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday.Manyofusgrowupbelievingthatskippingbreakfastisaseriousmistake,evenifonlytwothirdsofadultsintheUKeatbreakfastregularly,accordingtotheBritishDieteticAssociation,andaroundthree-quartersofAmericans.[B]“Thebodyusesalotofenergystoresforgrowthandrepairthroughthenight,”explainsdietspecialistSarahElder.Eatingabalancedbreakfasthelpstoupourenergy,aswellasmakeupforproteinandcalciumusedthroughoutthenight.“Butthere’swidespreaddisagreementoverwhetherbreakfastshouldkeepitstopspotinthehierarchy(等级)ofmeals.Therehavebeenconcernsaroundthesugarcontentofcerealandthefoodindustry’sinvolvementinpro-breakfastresearch--andevenoneclaimfromanacademicthatbreakfastis“dangerous”.[C]What’sthereality?Isbreakfastanecessarystarttothedayoramarketingtacticbycerealcompanies?Themostresearchedaspectofbreakfast(andbreakfast-skipping)hasbeenitslinkstoobesity.Scientistshavedifferenttheoriesastowhythere’sarelationshipbetweenthetwo.InoneUSstudythatanalysedthehealthdataof50,000peopleoversevenyears,researchersfoundthatthosewhomadebreakfastthelargestmealofthedayweremorelikelytohavealowerbodymassindex(BMI)thanthosewhoatealargelunchordinner.Theresearchersarguedthatbreakfasthelpsreducedailycalorieintakeandimprovethequalityofourdiet--sincebreakfastfoodsareoftenhigherinfibreandnutrients.[D]Butaswithanystudyofthiskind,itwasunclearifthatwasthecauseorifbreakfast-skipperswerejustmorelikelytobeoverweighttobeginwith.Tofindout,researchersdesignedastudyinwhich52obesewomentookpartina12-weekweightlossprogramme.Allhadthesamenumberofcaloriesovertheday,buthalfhadbreakfast,whiletheotherhalfdidnot,Whattheyfoundwasthatitwasn’tbreakfastitselfthatcausedtheparticipantstoloseweight:itwaschangingtheirnormalroutine.[E]Ifbreakfastaloneisn'taguaranteeofweightloss,whyistherealinkbetweenobesityandbreakfast-skipping?AlexandraJohnstone,professorofappetiteresearchattheUniversityofAberdeen,arguesthatitmaysimplybebecausebreakfast-skippershavebeenfoundtobelessknowledgeableaboutnutritionandhealth.Therearealotofstudiesontherelationshipbetweenbreakfasteatingandpossiblehealthoutcomes,butthismaybebecausethosewhoeatbreakfastchoosetohabituallyhavehealth-enhancingbehaviourssuchasregularexerciseandnotsmoking,”shesays.[F]A2016reviewof10studieslookingintotherelationshipbetweenbreakfastandweightmanagementconcludedthereis“limitedevidence”supportingorrefuting(反驳)theargumentthatbreakfastinfluencesweightorfoodintake,andmoreevidenceisrequiredbeforebreakfastrecommendationscanbeusedtohelppreventobesity.[G]ResearchersfromtheUniversityofSurreyandUniversityofAberdeenarehalfwaythroughresearchlookingintothemechanismsbehindhowthetimeweeatinfluencesbodyweight.Earlyfindingssuggestthatabiggerbreakfastisbeneficialtoweightcontrol.Breakfasthasbeenfoundtoaffectmorethanjustweight.Skippingbreakfasthasbeenassociatedwitha27%increasedriskofheartdisease,a21%higherriskoftype2diabetesinmen,anda20%higherriskoftype2diabetesinwomen.Onereasonmaybebreakfast'snutritionalvaluepartlybecausecerealisfortified(增加营养价值)withvitamins.Inonestudyonthebreakfasthabitsof1,600youngpeopleintheUK,researchersfoundthatthefibreandmicronutrientintakewasbetterinthosewhohadbreakfastregularly.TherehavebeensimilarfindingsinAustralia,Brazil,CanadaandtheUS.[H]Breakfastisalsoassociatedwithimprovedbrainfunction,includingconcentrationandlanguageuse.Areviewof54studiesfoundthateatingbreakfastcanimprovememory,thoughtheeffectsonotherbrainfunctionswereinconclusive.However,oneofthereview’sresearchers,MaryBethSpitznagel,saysthereis“reasonable”evidencebreakfastdoesimproveconcentration-therejustneedstobemoreresearch."Lookingatstudiesthattestedconcentration,thenumberofstudiesshowingabenefitwasexactlythesameasthenumberthatfoundnobenefit,"shesays.“Andnostudiesfoundthateatingbreakfastwasbadforconcentration.”[I]What'smostimportant,someargue,iswhatweeatforbreakfast.High-proteinbreakfastshavebeenfoundparticularlyeffectiveinreducingthelongingforfoodandconsumptionlaterintheday,accordingtoresearchbytheAustralianCommonwealthScientificandIndustrialResearchOrganisation.WhilecerealremainsafirmfavoriteamongbreakfastconsumersintheUKandUS,arecentinvestigationintothesugarcontentof‘adult’breakfastcerealsfoundthatsomecerealscontainmorethanthree-quartersoftherecommendeddailyamountoffreesugarsineachportion,andsugarwasthesecondorthirdhighestingredientincereals.[J]Butsomeresearchsuggestsifwe’regoingtoeatsugaryfoods,it’sbesttodoitearly.Onestudyrecruited200obeseadultstotakepartina16-week-longdiet,wherehalfaddeddesserttotheirbreakfast,andhalfdidn't.Thosewhoaddeddessertlostanaverageof40poundsmorehowever,thestudywasunabletoshowthelong-termeffects.Areviewof54studiesfoundthatthereisnoconsensusyetonwhattypeofbreakfastishealthier,andconcludedthatthetypeofbreakfastdoesn'tmatterasmuchassimplyeatingsomething.[K]Whilethere'snoconclusiveevidenceonexactlywhatweshouldbeeatingandwhen,theconsensusisthatweshouldlistentoourownbodiesandeatwhenwe’rehungry.“Breakfastismostimportantforpeoplewhoarehungrywhentheywakeup,”Johnstonesays.“Eachbodystartsthedaydifferently-andthoseindividualdifferencesneedtoberesearchedmoreclosely,”Spitznagelsays.“Abalancedbreakfastisreallyhelpful,butgettingregularmealsthroughoutthedayismoreimportanttoleavebloodsugarstablethroughtheday,whichhelpscontrolweightandhungerlevels,”saysElder.Breakfastisn’ttheonlymealweshouldbegettingright.”Accordingtooneprofessor,obesityisrelatedtoalackofbasicawarenessofnutritionandhealth.Somescientistsclaimthatpeopleshouldconsumetherightkindoffoodatbreakfast.38.Opinionsdifferastowhetherbreakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday.39.Ithasbeenfoundthatnoteatingbreakfastisrelatedtotheincidenceofcertaindiseasesinsomecountries.40.Researchersfounditwasachangeineatinghabitsratherthanbreakfastitselfthatinducedweightloss.41.Tokeeponeselfhealthy,eatingbreakfastismoreimportantthanchoosingwhattoeat.42.Itiswidelyconsideredwrongnottoeatbreakfast.43.Moreresearchisneededtoprovethatbreakfastisrelatedtoweightlossorfoodintake.44.Peoplewhoprioritisebreakfaststendtohavelowercaloriebuthighernutritionalintake.45.Manystudiesrevealthateatingbreakfasthelpspeoplememoriseandconcentrate.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD..YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Textbooksrepresentan11billiondollarindustry,upfrom＄8billionin2014.TextbookpublisherPearsonisthelargestpublisher-ofanykind-intheworld.Itcostsabout$1milliontocreateanewtextbook.Afreshmantextbookwillhavedozensofcontributors,fromsubject-matterexpertsthroughgraphicandlayoutartiststoexpertreviewersandclassroomtesters.Textbookpublishersconnectprofessors,instructorsandstudentsinwaysthatalternative,suchasopene-textbooksandopeneducationalresources,simplydonot.Thisconnectionhappensnotonlybymeansofcollaborativedevelopment,reviewandtesting,butalsoatconferenceswherefacultyregularlydecideontheirtextbooksandcurriculaforthecomingyear.Itistruethattextbookpublishershaverecentlyreportedlosses,largelyduetostudentsrentingorbuyingusedprinttextbooks.Butthiscanbechalkeduptotheexcessivelyhighcostoftheirbooks--whichhasincreasedover1,000percentsince1977.Arestructuringofthetextbookindustrymaywellbeinorder.Butthisdoesnotmeantheendofthetextbookitself.WhiletheymaynotbeasdynamicasaniPad,textbooksarenotpassiveorlifeless.Forexample,overthecenturies,theyhavesimulated(模拟)dialoguesinanumberofways.From1800tothepresentday,textbookshavedonethisbyposingquestionsforstudentstoanswerinductively(归纳性地).Thatmeansstudentsareaskedtousetheirindividualexperiencetocomeupwithanswerstogeneralquestions.Today’spsychologytexts,forexample,ask“howmuchofyourpersonalitydoyouthinkyouinherited?”whileonesinphysicssay:“Howcanyoupredictwheretheballyoutossedwillland?”Expertsobservethat“textbookscomeinlayers,somethinglikeanonion.”Foranactivelearner,engagingwithatextbookcanbeaninteractiveexperience.Readersproceedattheirownpace.They“customize”theirbooksbyengagingwithdifferentlayersandlinkages.Highlighting,Post-Itnotes,dog-earsandothertechniquesallowforfurthercustomizationthatstudentsvalueinprintbooksoverdigitalformsofbooks.46.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutopeneducationalresources?Theycontributetoteachingasmuchastolearning.B)Theydon’tprofitasmuchastraditionaltextbooksdo.C)Theycan’tconnectprofessorsandstudentsastextbooksdo.D)Theycompetefiercelyforcustomerswithtextbookproducers.47.Whatisthemaincauseofthepublishers’losses?Failuretomeetstudentneed.Industryrestructuring.Emergenceofe-books.Fallingsales.48.Whatdoesthetextbookindustryneedtodo?A)Reformitsstructures.B)Cutitsretailprices.C)Findreplacementsforprintedtextbooks.D)Changeitsbusinessstrategyperiodically.49.Whatarestudentsexpectedtodointhelearningprocess?A)Thinkcarefullybeforeansweringeachquestion.B)Askquestionsbasedontheirownunderstanding.C)Answerquestionsusingtheirpersonalexperience.D)Giveanswersshowingtheirrespectivepersonality.50.Whatdoexpertssayaboutstudents,usingtextbooks?Theycandigitalizetheprintseasily.Theycanlearninaninteractiveway,Theycanpurchasecustomizedversions.Theycanadaptthematerialthemselves.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whenwethinkofanimalsandplants,wehaveaprettygoodwayofdividingthemintotwodistinctgroups:oneconvertssunlightintoenergyandtheotherhastoeatfoodtomakeitsenergy.Well,thosedividinglinescomecrashingdownwiththediscoveryofaseaslug(海蛞蝓)that’strulyhalfanimalandhalfplant.It’sprettyincrediblehowithasmanagedtohijackthegenesofthealgae(藻类)onwhichitfeeds.Theslugscanmanufacturechlorophyll,thegreenpigment(色素)inplansthatcapturesenergyfromsunlight,andholdthesegeneswithintheirbody.Thetermkleptoplastyisusedtodescribethepracticeofusinghijackedgenestocreatenutrientsfromsunlight.Andsofar,thisgreenseaslugistheonlyknownanimalthatcanbetrulyconsideredsolar-powered,althoughsomeanimalsdoexhibitsomeplant-likebehaviors.Manyscientistshavestudiedthegreenseaslugstoconfirmthattheyareactuallyabletocreateenergyfromsunlight.Infact,theslugsusethegeneticmaterialsowellthattheypassitontotheirfuturegenerations.Theirbabiesretaintheabilitytoproducetheirownchlorophyll,thoughtheycan’tgenerateenergyfromsunlightuntilthey’veeatenenoughalgaetostealthenecessarygenes,whichtheycan’tyetproduceontheirown.“There’snowayonearththatgenesfromanalgashouldworkinsideananimalcell,”saysSidneyPiercefromtheUniversityofSouthFlorida.“Andyethere,theydo.Theyallowtheanimaltorelyonsunshineforitsnutrition.Soifsomethinghappenstotheirfoodsource,theyhaveawayofnotstarvingtodeathuntiltheyfindmorealgaetoeat.”Theseaslugsaresogoodatgatheringenergyfromthesunthattheycanliveuptoninemonthswithouthavingtoeatanyfood.Theygetalltheirnutritionalneedsmetbythegenesthatthey’vehijackedfromthealgae.Whatisthedistinctivefeatureofaseaslug?A)Itlookslikebothaplantandananimal.B)Itconvertssomeseaanimalsintoplants.C)Itliveshalfonanimalsandhalfonplants.D)Itgetsenergyfrombothfoodandsunlight.52.Whatenablestheseaslugtolivelikeaplant?A)Thegenesitcapturesfromtheseaplantalgae.B)Themechanismbywhichitconservesenergy.C)Thenutrientsithijacksfromotherspecies.D)Thegreenpigmentitinheritsfromitsancestors.53.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutbabyseaslugs?A)Theycanlivewithoutsunlightforalongtime.B)Theycanabsorbsunlightrightaftertheirbirth.C)Theycansurvivewithoutalgaeforquitesometime.D)Theycanproducechlorophyllontheirown.54.WhatdoesSidneyPiercesayaboutgenesfromanalga?A)Theyarestolenfromanimalsliketheseaslug.B)Theycan'tfunctionunlessexposedtosunlight.C)Theydon'tusuallyfunctioninsideanimalcells.D)Theycanreadilybeconvertedtoseasluggenes.55.Whatdowelearnaboutseaslugsfromthepassage?A)Theybehavethewaymostplantspeciesdo.B)Theycansurviveformonthswithouteating.C)Theywillturnintoplantswhentheymature.D)Theywillstarvetodeathwithoutsunlight.PartIVTranslation (30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关。和睦的大家庭曾非常令人羡慕。过去四代同堂并不少见。由于这个传统，许多年轻人婚后继续与父母同住。今天，这个传统正在改变。随着住房条件的改善，越来越多年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住。但他们之间的联系依然很密切。许多老年人仍然帮着照看孙辈。年轻夫妇也抽时间探望父母，特别是在春节和中秋节等重要节日。2019年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套)答案速查【写作参考范文】DearDaisy，