岩石力学单词

AAASHTO(AmericanAssociationStateHighwayOfficials)美国州公路官员协会abandonedcoalpillar残留煤柱abandonedpillar残柱abandonedsupport损失の支架absolutelyhorizontal绝对水平のabsolutelystress绝对应力abutmentpressure支承压力abutmentzone支承压力区accelerator加速器accelerometer加速度计，加速度检波器acceptanceofload载荷承受acceptedload承受の载荷accumulationofstress应力の积聚accumulationofwater水の积聚accuracyofmeasurement测量精度acousticemission声发射acousticinvestigation声学研究，声学试验activeearthpressure主动土压力activeearthpressure主动地压，活动地压actualsettingfrequency实际安装频率additionalstress附加应力adit平硐adjacent相邻の，邻接のalabaster雪花石膏allowableamplitudeoffoundation根底振动容许振幅allowablebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基容许承载力Amonton’slaw阿曼顿定律amphibolite闪岩anchoredplateretainingwall锚定板挡土墙anchoredsheetpilewall锚定板板桩墙angleofinternalfriction内摩擦角angleofrepose休止角angleofbreak冒落角anhydrite硬石膏anisotropicmedia各向异性介质anisotropy各向异性anisotropyofrock〔mass)岩石(体)各向异性anticlinal背斜のanticlinalfault背斜断层anti-slidepile抗滑桩argillaceousmarl泥质泥灰岩argillaceousrocks泥质岩argillaceoussandstone泥质砂岩argillaceousshale泥质页岩argillaceousslate泥质板岩arrangementofpiles(pilelayout)桩の布置articulatedbeam铰接梁artificialfoundation人工地基ASCE=AmericanSocietyofCivilEngineer美国土木工程师学会ascensionalventilation上行通风asemi-infiniteelasticsolid半无限弹性体aspectratioofcracks裂隙の尺寸比AtterbergLimits阿特波限制axialcleavagefracture轴向劈裂axialforceofbolt锚杆轴力Bback-fill回填，充填Barraon’sconsolidationtheory巴隆固结理论basalt玄武岩bearingcapacity承载力bearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基承载力bearingcapacityofsinglepile单桩承载力bearingstratum持力层Beckershearcriterion贝克剪切试验behaviorofrockpressure矿山压力显现belledpierfoundation钻孔墩根底beltconveyor胶带输送机biaxialtests双轴试验Biot’sconsolidationtheory比奥固结理论birefringenceofshearwave剪切波の双折射Bishopmethod毕肖普法blow-insystem压入式通风系统boreholecolumnarsection钻孔柱状图bottomheave=basalheave〔基坑〕底隆起boulder漂石boundarypillar边界煤柱boundaryporosity边界孔隙度boundarysurfacemodel边界面模型boxfoundation箱型根底bracedcuts支撑围护bracedexcavation支撑开挖bracedsheeting支撑挡板bracingoffoundationpit基坑围护brattice风帘，风障Braziliantest巴西试验brittlefailuretheories脆性破坏理论brittlefracturestress脆性破裂应力brittle-ductiletransition脆性-延性转变brittlenessofrock〔mass)岩石〔体〕脆性brushplatens刷式台板burstingenergyindex冲击能量指数burstingpronenessofcoalseam煤层冲击倾向burstingpronenessofrockseam岩层冲击倾向Ccaissonfoundation沉井〔箱〕calcite方解石Cambridgemodel剑桥模型cantileverretainingwall悬臂式挡土墙cantileversheetpilewall悬臂式板桩墙capmodel盖帽模型capillaryeffects毛细效应Casing套管cast–in-place灌注桩castiron铸铁cataclasticflow碎裂流动cavedgoaf冒落带，冒落区cavingmethod垮落法cavingzone垮落带cementcolumn水泥桩cementmixingmethod水泥土搅拌桩cement-flyash-gravelpile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩centrifugalmodeltest离心模型试验chemicalstabilization化学加固法chlorite绿泥岩classificationoffloor底板分类classificationofroof顶板分类classificationoftop-coalcavingcharacteristics顶煤冒放性分类clay粘土Cablesafecoefficient锚索平安系数clayfraction粘粒粒组clayminerals粘土矿物claymodels粘土模型clayeysilt粘质粉土clayeysoil粘性土coalandgasbump;coalandgasoutburst煤与瓦斯突出coalhardencoefficient煤の巩固性系数coalseamofrockburstprone冲击矿压煤层coal/rockreinforcement煤岩固化coarse-grainedsoil(gravellyandsandy)粗粒土coarsesand粗砂cobble卵石Coblecreep柯布尔蠕变coefficientofcompressibility压缩系数coefficientofconsolidation固结系数coefficientoffriction摩擦系数coefficientofgradation级配系数coefficientofinternalfriction，tanφ内摩擦系数，tanφcoefficientofpermeability渗透系数coefficientofroofweighting顶板来压强度系数coefficientofstressconcentration应力集中系数Cohesion粘聚力cohesion内聚力collapsibleloesstreatment湿陷性黄土地基处理combinedsupporting联合支护compactibilityofrock(mass)岩石(体)压实性compactiontest击实试验compactness密实度compensatedfoundation补偿性根底compositefoundation复合地基comprehensivetypeofrockburst综合型冲击地压compressibility可压缩性compressionindex压缩指数compressivestrength抗压强度concentratedload集中荷载concrete混凝土confiningpressure围压conjugateshearfractures共轭剪切破裂connectivity连通性consolidateddraineddirectsheartest慢剪试验consolidateddrainedtriaxialtest固结排水试验(CD)consolidatedquickdirectsheartest固结快剪试验consolidatedundrainedtriaxialtest固结不排水试验(CU)consolidationcurve固结曲线consolidationofsoils土の固结consolidationtest固结试验consolidationunderK0conditionK0固结试验constantheadpermeability常水头渗透试验constitutivemodel本构模型contactpressure接触压力contactstress(pressure)接触应力〔压力〕conventionaleffectivestress惯用の有效应力coresample岩芯样本，岩芯试样Coulombcriterionoffailure库伦破坏准那么Coulomb’searthpressuretheory库仑土压力理论counterretainingwall扶壁式挡土墙crack裂隙crackclosure裂隙闭合度crackdensityparameter裂隙密度参数crackextensionforce裂隙扩展力crackopeningdisplacement裂隙张开位移crackpropagation裂隙扩展cracktip裂隙尖端cracking裂隙作用creep蠕动criticaledgepressure临塑荷载criticalstressintensityfactor临界应力强度因子cross-holetest跨孔试验cross-slip交叉滑移crystalplasticity晶体塑性Cushion垫层法cyclicloading周期荷载Ddampingcoefficient阻尼系数dampingratio阻尼比Darcy’slaw达西定律deadload=sustainedload恒载持续荷载deepfoundation深根底deepsettlementmeasurement深层沉降观测deepwellpoint深井点deformationmechanisms变形机理degreeofconsolidation固结度degreeofsaturation饱和度dehydrationreactions脱水反响Dewatering〔基坑〕降水dewateringmethod降低地下水位法dewateringmethod降低地下水固结法diametralcompressiontest〔Brazilian〕径向压缩试验〔巴西〕diaphragmwall地下连续墙截水墙diffusionalflow扩散流动digitalrecording数字记录dike=dyke堤〔防〕dilatancy扩容dilatancyhardening扩容硬化Dilatation剪胀dilatometer膨胀计dimensionlessfrequency无量纲频率directshearapparatus直剪仪directsheartest直剪试验directsimplesheartest直接单剪试验discontinuityofrock〔mass)岩石(体)非连续性Displacementofsurroundingrock巷道围岩移动量displacementrateofsurroundingrock巷道围岩移动速度displacementtransducers位移传感器distanceoffaceroofundercontrol控顶距distanceoffirstrooffall初次垮落距distanceoffirstweighting老顶初次来压步距divingcastingcast-in-placepile沉管灌注桩dolerite粗玄岩dolomite白云岩doublesheartest双剪切试验drainedtests排水试验drilled-pierfoundation钻孔扩底墩dryunitweight干重度dryingofspecimens试件の枯燥ductilefault延性断层ductilenessofrock〔mass)岩石〔体〕延性ductility延性Duncan-Changmodel邓肯－张模型durationofearthquake地震持续时间dynamicstressintensityfactor动态应力强度因子dynamiccompaction强夯法dynamiccompactionreplacement强夯置换法dynamiccrackingphenomena动态裂隙现象dynamicfailureduration动态破坏时间dynamicfriction动摩擦dynamicloadtestofpile桩动荷载试验dynamicmagnificationfactor动力放大因素dynamicpenetrationtest(DPT)动力触探试验dynamicpiletesting桩基动测技术dynamicpropertiesofsoils土の动力性质dynamicsettlement振陷〔动沉降〕dynamicshearmodulusofsoils动剪切模量dynamicstrengthofsoils动强度dynamicsubgradereactionmethod动基床反力法dynamictriaxialtest三轴动力试验dynamics动力学Eearthpressure土压力earthquakemechanisms地震机制effectiveconfiningstress有效围压effectiveshearstrainenergy有效剪切应变能effectivestiffness有效劲度effectivestress有效应力effectivestressapproachofshearstrength剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法effectivestressfailureenvelop有效应力破坏包线effectivestressstrengthparameter有效应力强度参数effectiveunitweight有效重度effectsoffreezing冷却效应efficiencyfactorofpilegroups群桩效率系数〔η〕efficiencyofpilegroups群桩效应elasticdeformation弹性变形elasticenergyindex弹性能量指数elastichalf-spacefoundationmodel弹性半空间地基模型elasticmodel弹性模型elasticmodulus弹性模量elasticproperties弹性性质elasticwaveattenuation弹性波衰减elasticzone弹性变形区elastoplasticitymodel弹塑性模型electricalconductivity电导率electromagneticradiationindex电磁辐射指数electronmicroscope电子显微镜embrittlement脆变、脆化endbearing(tipresistance)桩端阻endeffects端部效应end-bearingpile端承桩engineeringfracturemechanics工程断裂力学engineeringgeologicinvestigation工程地质勘察episodicsliding偶发滑动evaluationofliquefaction液化势评价excavation开挖〔挖方〕excessporewaterpressure超孔压力expansionofrock〔mass)岩石(体)膨胀性expansive(swelling)soil膨胀土expansivegroundtreatment膨胀土地基处理extensionfracture张破裂extensiontests拉伸试验Ffabric组织faceend工作面端头failedrocksupportingload破裂岩石支撑载荷failurecriterion破坏准那么failureoffoundation基坑失稳fallingaftermining滞后跨落fallingheadpermeability变水头试验fallingwithmining随采随冒falseroof伪顶fatigue疲劳fault断层featherfractures羽状破裂Felleniusmethodofslices费纽伦斯条分法FEM=finiteelementmethod有限元法fieldpermeabilitytest现场渗透试验fieldvaneshearstrength十字板抗剪强度fill(soil)填土fillingmethod；stowingmethod全部充填法finalsettlement最终沉降finalset最后贯入度finesand细砂fine-grainedsoil(siltyandclayey)细粒土firstcavingdistance初次放顶距firstcaving初次放顶firstrooffail初次垮落firstweighting老顶初次来压flexiblefoundation柔性根底floor1oadintensity底板载荷强度floorheave底鼓flownet流网flowingsoil流土fluidinclusions流态包体fluidpressuremedium流体压力介质forcedcaving强制放顶Forepoling(advancetimbering)超前支护foundationdesign根底设计foundationengineering根底工程foundationvibration根底振动foundationwall根底墙fracturehardening破裂硬化fracturemechanism破裂机理fracturetoughness破裂韧度fracturetypes破裂类型fracturedloadofsupport支架破坏载荷fracturedroof破碎顶板fracturedzone裂隙带freesubsidencemethod缓慢下沉法free〔resonance〕vibrationcolumntest自(共)振柱试验freezingandheating冷热处理法friction摩擦frictionpile摩擦桩frontabutmentpressure前支承压力frozensoil冻土Ggabbro辉长岩generalshearfailure整体剪切破化Geofabric(geotextile)土工织物geologicstructure地质构造geometricdamping几何阻尼geotechnicalengineering岩土工程geotechnicalmodeltest土工模型试验Gibbspotential吉布斯位势gneiss片麻岩goaf采空区，老塘goaffilling采空区充填gob矿内废石，充填废石，采空区gobentry沿空留巷gobentrydriving沿空掘巷grainsizeinfluence粒度影响grain-boundarycrack颗粒边界裂隙作用grain-boundarysliding颗粒边界滑动grain-slidingflow粒面滑动流动granite花岗岩granodiorite花岗闪长岩granularmedia粒状介质gravel砂石gravelpile(stonecolumn)碎石桩gravellysand砾砂gravitationtypeofrockburst重力型冲击地压gravityretainingwall重力式挡土墙gravitystress岩重应力Griffithcracktheory格里菲斯裂隙理论Griffithlocus格里菲斯轨迹线groundtreatment地基处理-groundtreatmentinmountainarea山区地基处理groundwaterlevel地下水位groupaction群桩作用gypsum石膏Hhardroof坚硬顶板hardstrata坚硬岩层Hertzianfracture赫兹破裂highpressureconsolidationtest高压固结试验high-risepilecap高桩承台homogeneous均质horizontalforceofsupport支架水平推力hornblende角闪岩hydraulicchock液压支架hydraulicfracturingofrockmass岩体水力压裂hydraulicgradient水力梯度hydraulicleg液压支柱hydrolyticweakening水解软化hydrometeranalysis比重计分析hydrophysicalpropertiesofrock〔mass)岩石〔体〕水理性hysteresisinelasticwavevelocity弹性波速度の滞后Iidealelastoplasticmodel理想弹塑性模型immediateroof直接顶immediatesupport及时支护impactload冲击载荷indexofrooffracture顶板破碎指数indexofroofstrength顶板强度指数indexofroof—to—floorconvergence顶底板移近量指数individualprop单体支柱inertiaforce惯性力inferiorkeystrata亚关键层inflowrate涌水量inhomogeneityofrock〔mass)岩石(体)不均匀性initialliquefaction初始液化initialstresszone(virginstresszone)原岩应力区initialsupporting;firstsupporting巷道一次支护in-situporewaterpressuremeasurement原位孔隙水压量测in-situsoiltest原位试验internalstress内应力intervalofperiodicweighting周期来压步距intragranularstraincompatibility颗粒间の应变相容性intrusionfractures侵入破裂irradiationcolouration扩散着色irregularcavingzone不规那么垮落带isotropic各向同性ISSMGE国际土力学与岩土工程学会Jjacketingofspecimens试件の套筒jetgrouting