UNDP-合作促进包容性和解决方案：良好做法和机遇（英）

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TheUNRefugeeAgency

COLLABORATINGFORINCLUSION

ANDSOLUTIONS:GOODPRACTICES

ANDOPPORTUNITIES

Practicebrief

GlobalCollaborationFrameworkforInclusionandSolutions,2023-2025

PreparedfortheGlobalRefugeeForum,December2023

PRACTICEBRIEF

UNDP–UNHCRGLOBAL

COLLABORATION

FRAMEWORK2023-2025

TheGlobalCollaborationFrameworkseeksastepchangeincollaborationbetweenUNDPandUNHCRinseventhematicandresultsareaswherethetwoorganizationsbringcomparativeadvantagestocollaborativeandjointwork.

GCFTHEMATICANDEXPECTEDRESULTSAREAS

Expectedresultsarea

ForciblydisplacedandstatelesspersonsareincludedinframeworksforachievingtheSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)andthe2030Agenda.

Thematicarea

SDGintegration

Livelihoods

Forciblydisplacedpeopleandhostcommunitieshaveaccesstosustainablejobsandlivelihoods.

Governanceandruleoflawinstitutionsatnationalandlocallevelsareenabledtoworkacrossthehumanitarian–development–peace(HDP)nexus.

Ruleoflawandlocalgovernance

Conflictpreventionandpeacebuilding

ConflictsensitivityisintegratedacrosstheHDPnexus.

Increasedaccessofdisplacedpeopleandhostcommunitiestocleanandrenewableenergy,andprotectionagainstclimateandenvironmentalrisks.

Nature,

climateandenvironment

Internal

displacement

Internallydisplacedpersons(IDPs)benefitfromdurablesolutionsandadevelopmentapproachtointernaldisplacementisadopted.

Statelessnessismainstreamedindevelopmentinstitutions,forums,plansanddiscourse.

Statelessness

CollaborationbetweenUNDPandUNHCRisgrowingworldwide.Itisdiverseintype,focusandscale,rangingfromcollaborationinmajormulti-countryregionalplatformstojointcountry-specificprojectsandactivities,jointlydevelopedtoolsandcoordinationmechanismswithpartners.

ThispracticebriefpresentsexamplesofhowUNDPandUNHCRarecollaboratingandputtingintoactiontheGlobalCompactonRefugeesandtheUNSecretary-General’sActionAgendaonInternalDisplacement.

2UNHCRandUNDP|COLLABORATINGFORINCLUSIONANDSOLUTIONS:GOODPRACTICESANDOPPORTUNITIES

©UNHCR/OlaKabalan

PRACTICEBRIEF

GLOBALCOMPACTONREFUGEES

In2018theUNGeneralAssemblyadoptedtheGlobalCompactonRefugees.Thecompactisa“frameworkformorepredictableandequitableresponsibility-sharing,recognizingthatasustainablesolutiontorefugeesituationscannotbeachievedwithoutinternationalcooperation.”

Thefourkeyobjectivesofthecompactareto:

•Easethepressureonhostcountries

•Enhancerefugeeself-reliance

•Expandaccesstothirdcountrysolutions

•Supportconditionsincountriesoforiginforreturninsafetyanddignity

Thecompacthasencouragedthedevelopmentofresponsibility-sharingarrangements,suchasSupportPlatformsthatfacilitateregionalandcontext-specificsupportforrefugeesandhostcommunities.ExamplesofthisincludetheSupportPlatformfortheSolutionsStrategyforAfghanRefugees,theComprehensiveRegionalProtectionandSolutionsFramework(MIRPS)inCentralAmericaandMexico,andtheRegionalRefugeeandResiliencePlan(3RP)forhumanitariananddevelopmentpartnersrespondingtotheSyriacrisis,whichisco-ledbyUNDPandUNHCR.

UNHCRandUNDP|COLLABORATINGFORINCLUSIONANDSOLUTIONS:GOODPRACTICESANDOPPORTUNITIES3

Hungary

Belize

Panama

ElSalvador

Chad

SDGintegration

PRACTICEBRIEF

ATAGLANCE:COLLABORATION

IN2023

Mexico

Honduras

Guatemala

BurkinaFaso

CostaRica

Colombia

CentralAfricanRepublic

DemocraticRepublicoftheCongo(DRC)

Livelihoods

Ruleoflawandlocalgovernance

Conflictpreventionandpeacebuilding

Nature,climateandenvironment

Internaldisplacement

Statelessness

4UNHCRandUNDP|COLLABORATINGFORINCLUSIONANDSOLUTIONS:GOODPRACTICESANDOPPORTUNITIES

Turkey

Lebanon

Jordan

Egypt

Syria

Uzbekistan

Iraq

Sudan

Myanmar

Afghanistan

SouthSudan

Mozambique

PRACTICEBRIEF

SDGintegration

Livelihoods

Ruleoflawandlocalgovernance

Conflictpreventionandpeacebuilding

Nature,climateandenvironment

Internaldisplacement

Statelessness

UNHCRandUNDP|COLLABORATINGFORINCLUSIONANDSOLUTIONS:GOODPRACTICESANDOPPORTUNITIES5

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n/a1,069,000

RefugeesinMyanmar

RefugeesfromMyanmarinneighbouringcountries

PRACTICEBRIEF

COLLABORATIONINPRACTICE

CollaborationbetweenUNDPandUNHCRtakesmanyforms,asthefollowingexamplesshow.

MYANMAR

completed.

QIPsandactivities

haveincludedin-

terventionstoim-

proveaccessto

foodandincome

byprovidingba-

sicagriculturaland

otherinputs,revital-

izinglivelihoods,local

productionandmarkets,

improvingaccesstoessential

servicesanddevelopingcommunitysystemstopromotesocialcohesion.

Inevitably,collaborationinthetriple-nexusprojecthasfacedchallenges.In2020,COVID-19causedre-strictionscountry-wide,withasuspensionofactivi-ties.Themilitarytake-overinFebruary2021furthercomplicatedtheoperationalcontext.However,jointactivitiesandplanningcontinuedtobecarriedoutin2022and2023.

OthercollaborationinMyanmarhasincludedUNDPandUNHCRco-leadershipofnexusworkinggroupsfordifferentpartsofthecountry.UNDPhasjoinedadurablesolutionsworkinggroup.

InMyanmar,UNDPandUNHCRhavecollaborated

inafive-yearjointprojectinRakhineState.Thishas

aimedtocreateconduciveconditionsforrefugee

returnsfromneighbouringBangladesh,byputting

thehumanitarian–development–peacenexusprin-

ciplesintoactionandsupportingrecoveryandresili-

ence-baseddevelopmentforthebenefitofallcom-

munitiesinRakhineState.

Thenexusprojectbuildsontheexperienceofapri-

orarea-basedprogrammeinRakhineandpastef-

fortsbyUNDP,UNHCRandhumanitarianactorsto

supportIDPsandhostcommunities.Partoftheba-

sisoftheprojecthasbeenatripartiteMemorandum

ofUnderstandingbetweenUNDP,UNHCRandthe

GovernmentofMyanmar,firstsignedin2018.This

hasaimedtosecurethegovernment’scommitment

toworkforcomprehensiveanddurablesolutions

tothedisplacementofpersonsinandfromRakhine

State,andincorporatetherecommendationsofthe

RakhineAdvisoryCommission.

Theprojectandmemorandumhaveprovidedfor

aprocessofrapidneedsassessments,quick-

impactproject(QIP)design,technicalworking

groupmeetingsandQIPimplementation.Bythe

endof2022,115QIPshadbeendesignedand95

QIPs(in63villages)wereunderwayorhadbeen

Myanmar:alengtheningdisplacementcrisis

1,670,200

IDPsdisplaced

inMyanmar

since2021

HDIrankoutof191countries(2021-22)

149

1

Myanmar

191

Sources:ReliefWeb,UNDP,UNHCR(2023data)

6UNHCRandUNDP|COLLABORATINGFORINCLUSIONANDSOLUTIONS:GOODPRACTICESANDOPPORTUNITIES

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5,193,643

ofwhominLebanon:795,322

RefugeesfromSyriaintheregion

ofwhominTürkiye:3,279,152

PRACTICEBRIEF

3RP

Theregionalframeworkfortheresponseto

theimpactoftheSyriacrisis

outlinesthe

achievements

andareasof

improvements,

withclearsteps

takentoactiontherecommendations.

Launchedin2015andco-ledbyUNDPand

UNHCR,theRegionalRefugeeandResiliencePlan

(3RP)hasbeenamajorcollaborationbetween

UNDPandUNHCR.The3RPcombinesregional

humanitariananddevelopmentresponsestothe

impactoftheSyriacrisisintoasinglecoherent

plancoordinatedwithnationalplansandpriorities

infivecountrieshostingrefugeesfromSyria–Türkiye,LebanonandJordan,withtheirlargerpopulationsofrefugees,andIraqandEgypt.Itprovidesastrategicplatformfor270humanitariananddevelopmentpartnersforcoordination,planning,advocacy,fundraisingandprogram-ming.Between2015and2022the3RPchannelledoverUS$23billionfrommorethan20donors.

The3RPisthefirstmulti-agencypartnershiptooperateonsuchalargescalewiththepurposeofaddressingstrategicandstructuralissuesresultingfromaprotractedcrisis,andwithanapproachofintegratinghumanitarianandresilience-baseddevelopmentresponses,aimingtooperationalizeanexusapproach.Assuch,itwasaninfluentialexampleforthe2018GlobalCompactonRefugees.The3RPhasintegratedtheGlobalCompact’sindicatorframeworkintoitsprogressmeasures.

Atthetimeofwriting,the3RP’srolecontinuestobecritical.In2023,thetwelfthyearoftheSyriacri-sis,the3RPaimedtobenefit7.4millionrefugees,asylumseekersandstatelesspersons(6.8millionofthemSyrian),and6.1millionhostcommunitymembers.Anindependentevaluationconductedonthe3RP’sregionalworkpublishedin2022

TheregionalpartnershipbetweenUNDPandUNHCRonthe3RPisgovernedbyaregionalMemorandumofUnderstanding,whichprovidedforthecreationofaJointSecretariatstaffedbyUNDPandUNHCR,thatjointlymanagesthe3RP.Aswellasoverseeingtheprocessesofproducingandadvisingontheoverallregionalandcountry-levelplans,theJointSecretariathasdevelopedawiderangeofresearchandoperationalguidancenotestosupport3RPimplementation.

Recentexamplesincludeareportonsocialcohesionanddynamicsbetweenhostcommunitiesandrefugeesineachofthe3RPcountries,withrecommendationsonhowsocialcohesionapproachescanbestrengthened,andanaccompanyingguidancenote.In2022the3RPpublishedareportonhowtomaintainenvironmentalsustainabilityandcleanenergyaccessin3RPimplementation.Thishighlightedthelinksbetweenecologicalfragilityandhumanitariananddevelopmentneeds.Thereportmaderecommendationsfortheprogrammesandactionsofstakeholders.

Lebanon,SyriaandTürkiye:12yearsafterwarbeganinSyria

6,800,000

IDPs

inSyria

HDIrankoutof191countries(2021-22)

48112150

1191

TürkiyeLebanonSyria

Sources:ReliefWeb,UNDP,UNHCR(2023data)

UNHCRandUNDP|COLLABORATINGFORINCLUSIONANDSOLUTIONS:GOODPRACTICESANDOPPORTUNITIES7

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67,000

37,249

Refugeesandasylum-seekers

fromBurkinaFaso

inneighbouringcountries

Refugeesandasylum-seekersinBurkinaFaso

PRACTICEBRIEF

BURKINAFASO

recoveryandassistanceforIDPsandhostcommu-

nities.strategydresses

Thead-the

needfordu-

rablesolutions

andtakesamore

holisticapproachto

InBurkinaFaso,collaborationbetweenUNDPand

UNHCRhasbeenanchoredinthecomplementarity

andvalueofwhateachorganizationcouldprovide

inthecontextofthegrowingdifficultiesandcrises

inthecountrysince2015.UNDPhasbroughtto

thecollaborationitsknowledgeandexperience

onsocialcohesionandoperationalizingtheHDP

nexus,whileUNHCRhasbroughtitsknowledgeand

capacitiesforrespondingtoforceddisplacement,as

wellasitsstrongfieldpresence.

Twojointpublishedstudiesclarifiedwhateachorganizationcouldbringtoworkingtogether.Thefirstjointstudy,publishedin2021,wasaboutconflictandlocallandgovernanceintworegions,CascadesandHauts-Bassins,whererisksofinter-communalconflicthadrisenatthesametimeastheregionswerereceivingIDPsfleeingfromotherregions.Thesecondjointstudy,publishedin2023,wasaboutperceptionsofgender-sensitivecommunitysecurityinspecificcommunesintheCascades,Hauts-BassinsandSud-Ouestregions.Thisstudythereforebuiltontheworkofthefirst,makingawiderangeofprogrammaticrecommendationsforimprovinghowsecurityisproduced,includingtherolesofnationaldefenceandsecurityforces,considerationofgenderincommunitysecurity,andtheengagementofIDPsandcivilsociety.

Combinedwithcollaborationsinthecontextofprojectimplementationinthefield,thejointstudieshavehelpedwithaninitiativetosupportthegovern-menttodevelopa2023-2027nationalstrategyfor

dealingwithmedium-and

long-termneedscausedbyprotracteddisplace-ment.Itwaspreparedthroughaparticipatoryandinclusiveprocess,overseenbyagovernmentcom-mitteesetuptooverseetheprocess.EmbeddedinthestrategyistheconceptoftheHDPnexusanditsrelevanceinBurkinaFaso,giventheneedsforpeacebuilding,socialcohesionandimprovinglivingconditionsofpopulationsaffectedbydisplacementandinsecurity.

Tosupportfurthercollaboration,UNDPandUNHCRarediscussingajointactionplanwhichwilltakeintoaccountaMemorandumofUnder-standingoninclusionandsolutionsforIDPs,statelesspersonsandhostcommunitiesinBurki-naFaso.TheMemorandumisintendedtoestab-lishframeworksforcoordinationandreflection,tohelpwithfurtherdevelopmentofcommonap-proachesandmobilisingresourcesforjointpro-jectsfromJanuary2024.

BurkinaFaso:agrowingdisplacementcrisis

1,999,127

IDPs

inBurkinaFaso

HDIrankoutof191countries(2021-22)

184

191

BurkinaFaso

1

Sources:ReliefWeb,UNDP,UNHCR(2023data)

8UNHCRandUNDP|COLLABORATINGFORINCLUSIONANDSOLUTIONS:GOODPRACTICESANDOPPORTUNITIES

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2,890,000

VenezuelanrefugeesandmigrantsinColombia

94,900

Refugeesandasylum-seekersfromColombiainneighbouringSouthAmericancountries

PRACTICEBRIEF

COLOMBIA

government

steering

committee

ondurable

solutions

wassetup,

co-ledbyUNDP

andUNHCR.The

committeeaimsto

accelerateactionon

durablesolutionsthroughadvocacyandadvicetonational,departmentalandlocalauthoritiesonpolicyandlegalandinstitutionalframeworks,especiallyonurgentissuessuchasland,housing,incomegenerationandlivelihoods.Italsoaimstopromotedemonstrationofexamplesofsolutions(withnational,departmentalandlocalauthorities)thatarereplicableandscalable,andsupportthemeasuringofresults.Thesteeringcommitteehasaninitialtwo-yearworkplan.

Inadditiontotheabove,UNDPandUNHCRhavebothprovidedtechnicalassistancetothenationalgovernmentauthorityformigrationaffairs,MigraciónColombia,ontheTemporaryProtectionPermitforVenezuelans.UNDPhashelpeddesignandimplementanincome-generationstrategyfordisplacedpeoplefromVenezuelaandhostcommunities.Ithasalsobeensupportinganalysisofhownationalbudgetinvestmentcanaccelerateboththesocio-economicinclusionofIDPsandrefugees,andSDGprogress.

InColombia,collaborationbetweenUNDPand

UNHCRhastakenonnewfocusesandpriorities

sincethe2016peaceagreement.Priortotheagree-

ment,during2012-2015,UNDPandUNHCRcol-

laboratedinatransitionalsolutionsinitiative,which

aimedtohelpIDPsandvulnerablecommunities

accesstheirrights,inparticularforaccesstoland,

basicservicesandlocaleconomicdevelopment,

andforlegalizationofinformalsettlements.The

$14.7millioninitiativewasimplementedin17com-

munitiesacrossthecountry,classifiedasareasof

return,relocationorurbanintegration.Astrength

oftheinitiativewasthecontinuousinteractionit

involvedbetweenUNDPandUNHCR.

Followingthe2016peaceagreement,UNDPand

UNHCRcollaboratedinajointprogrammeon

humansecurityandinclusionofIDPs,host

communitiesandformercombatantsinfive

municipalities.Theprogrammeaimedtoincrease

understandingabouthowtobuildneweconomic

opportunitiesacrossthecountry,reintegrateformer

combatantsandpromotesocialcohesion.Partof

theprogrammeexploredhowtohelptheprivate

sectorworkwithgovernmentandcommunities

toaddresssecurityanddevelopmentneedsand

buildsustainablepeace.Theprogrammewas

implementedinpartnershipwithaColombian

businessinitiativeforpeace,PeaceStartup,andthe

LondonSchoolofEconomicsasaresearchpartner.

Buildingontheseexperiencesandtheongoing

needsforsolutionsforIDPs,in2022ajointUN-

Colombia:ongoingchallengesafterapeaceagreement

6,800,000*

IDPs

HDIrankoutof191countries(2021-22)

88

1

Colombia

191

Sources:*ColombiaVictimsRegistry,ReliefWeb,UNDP,UNHCR(2023data)

UNHCRandUNDP|COLLABORATINGFORINCLUSIONANDSOLUTIONS:GOODPRACTICESANDOPPORTUNITIES9

PRACTICEBRIEF

”Youhaveheardmesaymanytimeshowweneedthemultilateralsystemtoworktofindsolutionstotoday’sglobalchallenges.Todeliverthescientificandfinancialresourcesneededtoendthepandemic;tofindthepoliticalwilltoaddressclimatechange;andtosummonenoughcoherenceandunitytopreventandresolveconflict.Cooperation,politicalsolutionsandsustainablepeaceareneededtodaymorethanever,andyetappeartobefurtherfromreachthantheyhavebeenfordecades.“

FilippoGrandi,

UnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugees

“Amidsomuchcrisis,wehavereachedaonce-in-a-

generationmoment.Wemustmakechoicesthatwill

determinewhatfollowsfortherestofourlivesand

forthosewhocomeafterus…Weshouldnotsuspend

nordelaydevelopmentactivitiesandinvestmentsbut

insteadpursuethesedirectlywithaffectedcommunities,

rapidlyandatscale,sopeoplecangetbackontheirown

feetwithdignityandagency.Anendtocrisisisforour

commongoodandshouldbeourcommongoal.”

AchimSteiner,

Administrator,UNDP

“AtatimewhenglobalconflictsareattheirhighestlevelssincethecreationoftheUnitedNations,theevidencedemonstratesthatinvestingindevelopmentisthebestwaytopreventcrisesandmaintaininternationalpeace.

AntónioGuterres,

Secretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations

10UNHCRandUNDP|COLLABORATINGFORINCLUSIONANDSOLUTIONS:GOODPRACTICESANDOPPORTUNITIES

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UNDP’SPLEDGEFORTHE2023GLOBALREFUGEEF