【高考英语词汇】练习含解析（中）

词汇(11)

复习：1、核心单词2、重点短语3、写作句式4、我读我练(词汇应用、句式仿写)

【单句单词语法填空】

1.Anaverageofjust18.75cmofrainfelllastyear,makingthedriestyearsinceCaliforniabecamea

statein1850.

答案：it意为：去年平均降雨量仅18.75厘米，是自1850年加利福尼亚州建州以来最干旱的一年。根

据句意可知，设空处指代上文中的lastyear。故填it。

2.Whenparentsbringhomeapet,theirchildgladlybathesandbrushesitsfur.

答案：it意为：当父母把一个宠物带回家时，他们的孩子高兴地给它洗澡并刷毛。根据句意可知，it

指代上文中的apet。

3.rdappreciateifyoucouldletmeknowinadvancewhetherornotyouwillcome.

答案：it句意：如果你能提前让我知道你是否会来，我将很感激。Fdappreciateitif...”如果……我将不

胜感激”，这是叩preciate的固定句式，il作形式宾语。

4.It'saneither-orsituation——wecanbuyanewcarthisyearorwecangoonholidaybutwecan't

do.

答案：bothnot...both“并非两者都”，为部分否定。

5.FvelivedinNewYorkandChicago,butdon'tlikeofthemverymuch.

答案：either句意：我在纽约和芝加哥住过，但是这两个地方我都不是很喜欢。either”两者中的任何一

'▼'核心单词

1.distributevt.分发，使分布

2.disturbvt.扰乱；打扰

3.drawbackn.缺点，不利条件

4.dustbinn.垃圾箱

5.dustyadj.尘土般的，尘土多的

6.eageradj.渴望的，热切的

7.educationn.教育，培养

8.effectn.效果；作用

9.effortn.努力；艰难的尝试

10.embarrassvt.使窘迫，尴尬

11.emergencyn.紧急情况（状态）

12.employvt.雇佣

13.encouragementn.鼓励

14.energeticadj.精力充沛的，富有活力的，活跃的

15.enginen.发动机，引擎

16.engineer/?.工程师；技师

17.enjoyableadj.愉快的；有趣的

18.enlargev.扩大，扩展，扩充；放大

19.enterprisen.公司，企/事业单位

20.entertainmentn.娱乐

21.enthusiasticadj.热情的，热心的

22.environmentn.环境

23.equalityn.平等

24.equipmentn.装备，设备

25.evidentadj.清楚的，显而易见的

I▼'重点短语

1.exchange...for...以……换……

exchange...with...和……交换……

inexchange(for)作为（对……的）交换

2.fitin相适应；相融洽

fitinwith与合得来；适应

3.focuson集中精力于

fixone'sattentionon将注意力集中在

fixone'seyeson注意；凝视

concentrateon集中精力于

payattentionto注意

【阅读理解】

WhenIrecentlyrevealedtomyfriends,colleagues,andfamilymembersthatIwouldbemovingmyfamilyto

Israel,thereactionswerenumerousandvaried.Somepeoplesaiditwasanexpectedthingwhileothersasked:Why

now?Whatwillyoudo?

Forme,makingthemovetoIsraelisthefulfillmentofadreamthathaslastedformy47yearsoflife.Ihave

alwaysknownthatIsraelismyhome.OvertheyearsIsraelhasbeeninmyheart,butIhavefoundanumberof

reasonstoputoffmakingitmypermanentresidence:kids,theeconomy,education...younameanexcuse,andatsome

pointIhaveprobablyusedit.

Truthfully,IbelievethatIwasalwaysjustalittlebitscared.AndofcourseIstillam,withthefearfactorthatis

reportedbythepresssurroundingtheIsraelimilitaryandeconomy.However,ithascometothepointwhenIhave

realizedthatforover2000yearsweyearnedforthisland,andfor47yearsIhavedeniedtheopportunitytomakeit

myhome.Iamfinallyreadytofullygraspthisopportunity.

Overtheyears,IhavealwayslovedvisitingIsrael.Ihavetraveledtherewithmyfamily,andenjoyedintroducing

thousandsoftravelerstothecountry.AllofthesethingsthatIhavecometoloveaboutIsraelasatouristarebecauseI

gettolovemyhome.Andasfaraswaitingforthe“perfectnconditionunderwhichtomakealiyah,Ibelievethe

timeisnow!

IhavebeenaskedmanytimesifIamnervousaboutmovingtoIsrael.BeforeIanswer,Irememberthatwehave

overcometheGreeks,theRomans,theRussiankillings,HitlerandtheHolocaust（大屠杀）,andthearmiesofseven

countries.

HowcanInotfeelconfidentthatI,andmyfamily,willovercomeanydifficultiesthatmaycomeourway?Iam

notworrying,complaining,crying,orfearingasIpreparetomakealiyah.IamproudandexcitedtosaythatIam

fulfillinga47-year-olddream;Iamgoinghome.

1.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosayinthepassage?

A.Hisdreamistocometrueafter47years.

B.ItisadilemmaforhimtoreturntoIsrael.

C.Hedidn'tliveahappylifeinIsrael.

D.Itisalatesttrendtofulfilleveryone'sdream.

2.Theauthordidn'treturntoIsraelbeforebecause__.

A.hischildrenmainlyheldhimback

B.hefailedtogetdetermined

C.hedidn'tsaveenoughmoney

D.hehopedtofinishhiseducation

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"makealiyah"meaninthepassage?

A.ToreturntoIsrael.B.Tomakeadecision.

C.Tolivehappily.D.Tocatchachance.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_.

A.theauthorwillbehappytomeethisrelativesinIsrael

B.Israelisafamiliarwordbutastrangeplacefortheauthor

C.theIsraelisufferedalotinthehistory

D.Israelisstillaplacebetweenwarandchaos

【文章大意】本文是一篇讲述个人经历的记叙文。

1.A【解析】主旨大意题。作者在文中叙述了自己经历了在外流浪的47年后，决定带着家人回到以色列，使

自己多年的梦想得以实现的故事，由此可知答案。

2.B【解析】细节理解题。题目问作者以前没有回以色列的原因。依据第二段的尾句”…butIhavefounda

numberofreasonstopuroffmakingitmypermanentresidence:kids：theeconomy,education...younamean

excuse,andatsomepointIhaveprobablyusedit"可知，以前作者没有做出回以色列的决定是因为找了种

种借口，也就是说作者自己没有下定决心。

3.A【解析】词义猜测题。通读全文可知，作者带着家人回到以色列的梦想马上就要实现，再结合画线词后

面的uIbelievethetimeisnow"以及最后一段中的"asIpreparetomakealiyah”可知画线部分指的是回

到家乡以色列。

4.C【解析】推理判断题。依据倒数第二段中的"wehaveovercometheGreeks,theRomans,theRussiankillings,

HitlerandtheHolocaust（大屠杀）”可知，以色列人在历史上遭受了很多苦难。

U写作句式

同位语从句

1.Itshowsacommonphenomenonnowadaysthatchildrenarethefocusoffamilies,shoulderingthehopeof

theirparents.

它展示了当今一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的中心，肩负着父母的希望。

2.1stronglyholdtheviewthatmeasuresshouldbetakentostopChinesetourists（from）behavingbadlyinpublic

places.

我强烈认为应该采取措施阻止中国游客在公共场所的不良行为。

3.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaydrawtheconclusionthatyoumusthaveself-confidenceifyou

wanttoachieveyourgoal.

通过上面的讨论，我们可以得出结论：如果你想实现目标，你一定要自信。

我读我练

I.词汇应用

l.Weareeager（渴望的）toreadhisnewlypublishedbook.

2.Wedon'tthinkeducation（教育）shouldbemeasuredbyexaminationresults.

3.Therewasn'tenoughevidence（evident）toprovehimguilty.Finally,hewassetfree.

4.GoingtoaBritishhighschoolforoneyearwasaveryenjoyable（enjoy）andexcitingexperienceforme.

5.Wheneveryoneelseintheclasswasfocusingon（在专心于）tasks,Icouldnot.

6.Hetriedasmuchashecouldtofitin（适应）buthecouldnotbecausehismindwasathome.

n.句式仿写

i.毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和，全球变暖正是人类活动所致。

Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmerandthatitishumanactivitythathascausedthisglobal

warming.

2.我坚信有师生的共同努力，我们的学校在不久的将来会变成一个更加宜人的地方。

Iholdihcfirmbeliefihatwiththejointeffortsofbothteachersandstudents,ourschoolwillbecomeamore

enjoyableplaceinthenearfuture.

3.我对自己承诺：今年，我高中的第一年，会有所不同。

Imadeapromisetomyselfthatthisyear,myfirstyearinhighschool,wouldbedifferent.

【练习】

ItwasonawarmautumndaythatmyfatherandIwalkintomynewhighschool.Afterregisteredintheclassroom,

thevolunteertookmetomydormitory.AltogetherIhadfiveroommates,twoofwhicharrivedlater.Igottoknowmy

newroommateimmediately.AlthoughIwasquiteunwillingtosay“Goodbye"tomyfather,buthehadtoleaveto

home.IsuddenlyrealizedIhadgrownupandthatIhadtolookaftermeandliveindependently.NotuntilthenIknow

myseniorhighschoollifehadrealbegun.

【答案】

▼.,,,…walk...........................registered.,

ItwasonawarmautumndaythatmyratherandI—„~7intomynewhighschool.Arter-~：-inthe

,JwalkedJbregistering

.the,...........................................，which.,..

classroom,—volunteertookmetomydormitory.AltogetherIhadriveroommates,twoorarrivedlater.1

roommatebut

gottoknowmynewimmediately.AlthoughIwasquiteunwillingtosay"Goodbye“tomyfather,一"

roommates「yei

。含

/buthehadtleavehome.IsuddenlyrealizedIhadgrownupandthatIhadtolookafter诉？andlive

independently.NotuntilthendidIknowmyseniorhighschoollifehad..山、,begun.

第一处：walk—*walkedo考查动词时态。根据"Itwasonawarmautumnday”可知，事情发生在过去，故用一般

过去时。

第二处：registered—registering。考查动名词。after是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故用动名词形

式。

第三处：the-a。考查冠词。volunteer是可数名词，且第一次在文中出现，故用不定冠词修饰。

第四处：which—whom。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，应用whom引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中

作介词of的宾语，修饰先行词fiveroommates0

第五处：roommate—>roommates»考查名词复数。由上文的“Ihadfiveroommates”可知，室友不止一个，故用

复数形式。

第六处：删除but或将but改为yet。考查连词。在英语中，although和but不能同时出现在一个句子中，故删

除but。也可将but改为yet。补充：此处也可将Allhough删掉，但是语意上没有修改but好。

第七处：leave后的t。改为for。考查介词。leavefor意为“前往”，为固定词组，符合语境。

第八处：me—myself。考查代词。与句子主语I呼应，应用反身代词，意为“照顾好自己”。

第九处：then后加did。考查倒装句。notuntil置于句首时，常采用部分倒装，即把助动词放在主语之前。由

时间状语then和下文的时态可知，此处用一般过去时，故用did。

第十处：real一■really。考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故将real改为really。

词汇(12)

复习：1、核心单词2、重点短语3、写作句式4、我读我练(词汇应用、句式仿写)

【单句单词语法填空】

I.Recyclingisonewaytoprotecttheenvironment;reusingis.

答案：another句意：循环利用是保护环境的一种方法，再次使用是另一种。another“另一，又一”。

2.Toherjoy,Dellaearnedfirstthetrustofherstudentsandthenofhercolleagues.

答案：that根据“先赢得了学生的信任，然后赢得了同事的信任”可知，此处用于替代不可数名词trust,

应用that；如果替代可数名词复数用those或theones。

3.Atourfactorythereareafewmachinessimilartodescribedinthismagazine.

答案：those考查用于比较对象替代的代词。比较对象的替代通常可以用that替代不可数名词，those

替代可数名词复数，故此处用those替代比较对象machineso

4.Culturalshockisafeelingwhichmosttravelersexperienceinaforeigncountrywheretheyfindthe

cultureisquitedifferentfromthatofown.

答案：their句意为：文化冲击是一种大多数旅游者在外国会经历的感受，他们会发现当地文化与自己

的文化大不相同。根据句意可知此处指旅行者自己的文化。。fone,sown为固定搭配“某人自己的“，故填their。

5.Ihadtoraisemyvoicetomakeheardinthenoisycrowd.

答案：myself句意为：在嘈杂的人群里，我不得不提高声音使自己被听见。makemyselfheard意为“使

我自己被听到”。

▲

核心单词

1.essentialadj.必不可少的；本质的

2.estimate/7.&vt.估计，估量

3.evaluatevt.评价；估计，求……的值

vi.估价，评价

4.evaluationn.估值，评价，评估

5.eventn.事件；大事

6.eventuallyadv.最终

7.exchangen.交换，互换；汇兑，兑换；交易所；交流

vt.交换，兑换；交流

8.excusen.借口；辩解

vt.原谅；宽恕

9.exhibitionn.展览；展览会

lO.expandv.扩大，扩充，扩张；膨胀

11.expectationn.预料；期望；指望

12.expensen.支出；消费；［U］费用，价钱；仍/.）开支；花费

13.experiencen.［U］经验；［C］经历

vt.经历；体验

14.experimentn.实验

15.explanationn.解释，说明

16.explorern.探险者

17.exposevt.揭露，揭发；使暴露；(照片)使曝光

18.expressionn.表达；词句；表示；表情

19.extraordinaryadj.非凡的；不平常的；特别的

2O.extremeadj.极度的，极大的；在尽头的，末端的；偏激的，走极端的

21.failuren.失败

22.familiaradj.熟悉的

23.fantasticadj.幻想的，异想天开的；奇异的，古怪的

24.fascinatingadj.魅力无穷的

25.fataladj.致命的，重大的

='重点短语

1.forfearof以免，害怕

forlackof因缺少

forthesakeof为了……起见

2.freeofcharge免费

incharge(of)主管；负责(……)

inthechargeof由……负责、主管

takecharge(of)负责；掌管(……)

chargesbwith(doing)sth]

,指控某人(做)某事

accusesbof(doing)sth

【阅读理解】

In1959,whenJeanHarperwasinthethirdgrade,herteachergavetheclassanassignmenttowriteareporton

whattheywantedtobewhentheygrewup.

Jean'sfatherwasacropdustingpilotinthelittlefarmingcommunityinNorthernCaliforniawhereshewas

raised,andJeanwasveryinterestedinairplanesandflying.Shepouredherheartintoherreportandincludedallof

herdreams.Shewantedtobeacropdustingpilot,makeparachutejumps(用K伞)，andbeanairlinepilot.Herpaper

camebackwithan"F"onit.Theteachertoldheritwasa''fairytale"andthatnoneoftheoccupationsshelistedwere

women'sjobs.Jeanwasdevastatedandhumiliated.

Onedayinhersenioryearofhighschool,herEnglishteacherMrs.DorothySlatongavetheclassanassignment.

“Ifyouhadunlimitedmoney,unlimitedaccesstothefinestschools,andunlimitedtalentsandabilities,whatwould

youdo?"Jeanfeltarushofheroldenthusiasm,andwithexcitementshewrotedownallherolddreams.Theteacher

leanedforwardoverherdeskandsaid,"Youdohaveunlimitedabilitiesandtalents.Whenyouleaveschool,ifyou

don'tgoforyourdreams,noonewilldoitforyou.Youcanhavewhatyouwantifyouwantitenough.'*

ThehurtandfearofyearsofdiscouragementwentawaybecauseofwhatMrs.Slatonhadsaid.Jeanfeltexcited

andalittlescared.Shestayedafterclassandwentuptotheteacher'sdesk.JeanthankedMrs.Slatonandtoldher

aboutherdreamofbecomingapilot.Mrs.Slatonhalfroseandslappedthedesktop."Thendoit!nshesaid.

SoJeandid.Itdidn'thappenovernight.Ittookher10yearsofhardwork.Itwasn'tinJean'snaturetostandup

forherselfwhensomeonerefusedorhumiliatedher.Instead,shewouldquietlytrytofindanotherway.

Shebecameaprivatepilotandthenflewplanesasaco-pilot（副驾驶员）.In1978,shebecameoneofthefirst

threefemalepilottraineeseveracceptedbyUnitedAirlinesandoneoftheonly50womenairlinepilotsinthenation

atthattime.Someyearslater,JeanHarperbecameaBoeing737captainforUnitedAirlines.

1.WhenJeanHarperwasinthethirdgrade,.

A.itwascommonforwomentobeairlinepilots

B.herfatheradvisedhertobeapilotlikehiminthefuture

C.shewasunsureaboutwhatshewantedtobewhenshegrewup

D.shewasdeeplyhurtbyherteacher'scommentonherdreams

2.WhatwasMrs.Slaton'sreactionwhenshelearnedaboutJeanHarper'sdream?

A.EncouragingJeantodowhatshewantedto.

B.OfferingJeanasmuchhelpasshecould.

C.PersuadingJeantogiveupherdream.

D.MakingJeanawareofallthepossibledifficulties.

3.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.HowJeanHarperachievedherflyingdream.

B.JeanHarper'sgreatachievementsinflying.

C.ThehardshipsJeanHarperexperiencedwhentryingtobeapilot.

D.JeanHarper'sdeterminationtopursueherdrcam.

4.WhatgaveJeanHarperenoughstrengthandfaithtopursueherdream?

A.Herfather'sinfluenceonher.

B.Mrs.Slaton'ssupport.

C.Herdecisiontostandupfbrherself.

D.Ateacher'shumiliationwhenshewasinthethirdgrade.

【文章大意】本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了JeanHarper如何在英语老师的鼓励下，实现了当一名飞行员

的梦想。

1.D【解析】细节理解题。由第二段中的"Jeanwasdevastatedandhumiliated”和第四段中的"Thehurtandfearof

yearsofdiscouragement"nJ知答案为D。

2.A【解析】细节理解题。由第三段中NirsDorothySlaton所说的话"Youdohaveunlimitedabilitiesandtalents.

Whenyouleaveschoolifyoudon'tgofbryourdreams：noonewilldoitfbryou.Youcanhavewhatyou

wantifyouwantitenough”和第四段中的"Thendoit!"可知答案为A。

3.B【解析】段落大意题。最后一段主要讲述了JeanHarper在飞行方面的成就，所以答案为B。

4.B【解析】推理判断题。文中提到的JeanHarper的两位老师，一位打击她的梦想，让她几乎对此丧失信心；

另一位老师给她无限的信心，让她相信自己，坚持追寻梦想，所以答案为B。

▲

U写作句式

主语从句

1.WhatmadeYueFeimostrespectablewasthathedidn'tgiveupfightingfbrhisnationevenwhenhewas

wrongedbysome.

即使被一些人冤枉，岳飞仍然为自己的国家而战，这是他最值得人们敬佩的地方。

2.Whatimpressesusmostareyourartskills,inwhichyoushowedoutstandingtalent.

给我们印象最深的是你的艺术技巧，显示出了不同凡响的才能。

3.Itiswidelybelievedthatthroughconstantefforts,goodlearninghabitswillleadtogreatersuccess.

人们普遍相信，通过不断的努力，好的学习习惯会使得人们取得更大的成功。

▲

我读我练

I.词汇应用

1.1tookaglanceatthehallandfoundmanyfamiliar(熟悉的)facesamongtheaudience.

2.Thescientificresearchinstitutehasconductedanexperiment(实验)onnuclearreactionstoday.

3.Itwasalongjourney,butweeventually(eventual)arrived.

4.Pleasegivehimlotsofloveinsteadofhighexpectations(expect);otherwisehewillbeloadedwithgreat

pressure.

5.Moreandmorehigh-risebuildingshavebeenbuiltinbigcitiesforlackofspace（由于缺少空间）.

6.Hesoldhisfarm,lefthisfamilyi〉thechargeof（由.负责）aneighbor,andawayhewentinsearchof

diamonds.

IL句式仿写

1.最令我感到失望的是，只有百分之十的学生为了获取知识和提高写作能力而在空闲时间选择阅读。

Whatdisappointsmemostisthatonly10%ofthestudentschoosetoreadintheirsparetimeinordertoacquire

knowledgeandimprovewritingability.

2.人们普遍认为我们压力很大，（而且）看起来似乎压力在增加。

Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatweareundergreatpressure,whichseemstobeontheincrease.

3.你们都通过了这次艰难的测试，这真是太棒了。

Iliswonderfulihatallofyouhavepassedthedifficultexam.

【练习】

MyfatheristhemanIrespectmost.Strictashemaybe,howeverheneverfailstoshowhercareand

consideration.OnceIbrokeaneighborwindow.Seeingnobodyaround,Iranawayimmediately.WhenDadcame

home,henoticedmyuneasinessandaskedmewhathashappened.Icouldonlytellhimatruth.Insteadofscold,he

praisedmyhonestyandthenencouragedmetoapologizeourneighbor.Ilearnedfromthisincidentthatnotonlydoes

Dadtakecareofmyhealthandhealsoteachesmewhattobeagoodcitizen.HowluckilyIamtohavesuchagood

father!

【答案】

her

MyfatheristhemanIrespectmost.Strictashemaybe,ho\Veverheneverfailstoshowcareand

neighbor

consideration.OnceIbrokeawindow.Seeingnobodyaround，Iranawayimmediately.WhenDadcame

neighbor's

home,henoticedmyuneasinessandaskedmewhathappened.Icouldonlytellhim/truth.Insteadof

scold

hepraisedmyhonestyandthenencouragedmetoapologizetoourneighbor.Ilearnedfromthisincident

scolding,

-candwhat..luckily

thatnotonlydoesDadtakecareofmyhealthhealsoteachesmetobeagoodcitizen.How1算短【am

tohavesuchagoodfather!

第一处：删除however。考查连词。在as引导的让步状语从句中，表语放句首时，从句倒装，分析句子结构

可知，however多余。

第二处：her-his。考查代词。与上文人称代词he保持一致，可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词his。

第三处：neighborsneighborso考查名词所有格形式。此处用名词所有格形式作定语，修饰名词window。

第四处：has->hado考查动词时态。与asked呼应可知，此处应用过去完成时，表示过去的过去。

第五处：a—the。考查冠词。tellthetruth为固定词组搭配，符合语境，故用定冠词the。

第六处：scold—>scolding。考查动名词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故用动名词scolding作介词of

的宾语。

第七处：our前加to。考查介词。apologizetosb.意为“向某人道歉”，为固定词组搭配，故用介词to。

第八处：and—*buto考查连词，notonly...butalso…意为”不但...而且....”，为固定结构，故用连词but。

第九处：what—'how。考查疑问词。与teaches呼应可知，此处表示方式，故用how。

第十处：luckily一kicky。考查形容词。与1am呼应可知，此处应用形容词lucky作表语。

词汇(13)

复习：1、核心单词2、重点短语3、写作句式4、我读我练(词汇应用、句式仿写)

【单句单词语法填空】

1.Mostpeopleworkbecauseit'sunavoidable.contrast,therearesomepeoplewhoactuallyenjoy

work.

答案：Bybycontrast“相比之下”。句意：大部分人工作是因为它是无法逃避的。而相比之下，有些人

工作是因为的确享受工作。

2.Thesecommentscameresponsetospecificquestionsoftenaskedbylocalnewsmen.

答案：ininresponseto“回应”。句意：这些评论出现是为了回应那些当地新闻记者经常问到的具体问

题。

3.Thismeetingroomisanon-smokingarea.Iwouldliketowarnyouadvancethatifyousmoked

hereyouwouldbefined.

答案：ininadvance“提前”。句意：会议室是非吸烟区。我想提前警告你：如果你在这儿吸烟的话。

你会被罚款的。

4.Lastyearwasthewarmestyearonrecord,withglobaltemperature0.68℃theaverage.

答案：aboveabovetheaverage”在一般水平以上”。句意：去年是有记录以来最热的一年，全球气温比

平均气温高0.68℃。

5.Acommonmemorytheyallhavetheirschooldaysistheschooluniform.

答案：oftheyallhavetheirschooldays为memory的定语，可还原成haveamemoryof结构,

意为“有的回忆句意：他们对学校生活的共有回忆是校服。拓展：Ihaveavividmemoryofherface.“她

的容貌栩栩如生地印在我脑海里。”

核心单词

1.favo(u)riteadj.最喜爱的，中意的

n.特别喜爱的人或物

2.fierceadj.（尤指人或动物）凶猛的；凶狠的：猛烈的；强烈的

3.figuren.[C]外形；轮廓，人物；雕像；数字

vt.计算；认为；猜想；相信，估计

4.financen.[U]资金；财政，金融

vt.给……提供资金

5.fitnessn.健康

6.flexibleadj.灵活的，可变通的

7.forbidvt.禁止，不许

8.foreignadj.外国的

9.foresee(foresaw,foreseen)vt.预见；预知

10.forgivevt.原谅，宽恕

11.fortunateadj.幸运的；侥幸的

12.fortunen.财产；运气

13.fragileadj.易碎的；脆弱的

14.frameworkn.（建筑物）框架，结构

15.functionn.功能，作用

vi.活动，运行；行使职责

16.fundamentaladj.十分重要的，根本的；基本的

17.garbagen.垃圾

18.generationn.代，一代

19.generousadj.慷慨的，大方的；宽宏大量的

20.geographyn.地理

21.get-togethern.聚会

22.graduatev.毕业

23.grammarn.语法

24.graspv.抓住；紧握

25.gratefuladj.感激的，感谢的

।▼‘重点短语

l.getholdof得到，掌握

getintouchwith同……取得联系

getback回来；取回

getover克服；度过

geton/alongwellwith与……相处融洽

getinto进入；陷入

getin进入；收割

getridof除掉

getthrough通过；接通；完成；经历

getawaywith做错事未被惩罚

getabout/around/round传开，传出去

getacross使理解

getdownto(doing)sth开始认真（做）某事

2.giveaway分发；赠送

giveback归还

givein屈服，让步

giveoff发出（气味、热、光等）

giveout耗尽，用完；分发

giveup放弃，投降

givewayto给……让路；对……让步

【阅读理解】

Vinegarmakessalad,friesanddumplingstastebetter,andyoucanevenuseittocleanyourwindows.Andnow,

accordingtoscientists,itmayeventheplanet'spopulationsurviveclimatechange.

ResearchersfromtheRIKENCenterforSustainableResourceScience(CSRS)inJapanfoundthatgrowing

plantsinvinegarmakesthemmoreresistanttodroughts.Thiscouldmeanthatinthefuture,worriesaboutclimate

changeaffectingtheworld'ssupplyoffoodwillbemuchlower.Thediscoverywasmadeaftertheresearchersstudied

theArabidopsis,aplantknownforitsabilitytosurviveindryweather.Itwasfoundthatwhentheplantwasplacedin

drought-likeconditions,itproducedachemicalcalledacetate(醋酸盐)—themaincomponentofvinegar.

Afterdiscoveringthis,thescientistsexperimentedfurtherbyaddingacetatetothesoilofotherplants,before

theystoppedgivingthemwatercompletely.Afterleavingtheplantsfor14days,theyfoundthattheonestreatedwith

acetatehadsurvived,whiletheuntreatedplantshaddriedupanddied.

It'shopedthatthissimplemethodofsurvivalcouldsoonbeusedtohelpfarmersindrycountrieskeeptheir

cropsalive.nIntheexperiment,wetargetedthestaplefoodsoftheworld-rice,wheatandmaize-andthebasicplant

ofbreedingspecies,rapeseed（油菜籽）/'JongMyongKim,co-authorofthestudy,toldPopularSciencemagazine.

Kimalsotoldthemagazinehe'salreadybeenintouchwithpeopleallovertheworldwhoareinterestedintrying

thissimpleandcost-effectivemethodoutforthemselvesfromflowergrowingcompaniestoamateurgardeners.

Althoughatthispointkeepingthirstyplantsaliveisn'taseasyasjustpouringvinegaroverthem,Kimsaidheandhis

teamareworkingonmakingtheprocessassimpleaspossible."Nowwearetryingtocooperatewithsomefarmers,

andalsosomecompanies,tomakeamethodtoapplythissystem,Mhesaid.Andforthoseofuswhoalwaysforgetto

askourneighborstowaterourplantswhenwegoaway,hopefullythismeanstheendofreturninghomefromatripto

findourfavoriteflowershavedied.

1.Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?

A.Theworld'sfoodsupplywillbeincreased.

B.Plantsbettersurvivedroughts.

C.TheArabidopsisisresistanttodroughts.

D.Vinegarcouldbeusedtofightdroughts.

2.Itwasdiscoveredthatacetatecan.

A.beusedbyfarmerstoreplacesoilB.onlybeproducedbytheArabidopsis

C.helpplantssurvivedryconditionsD.beusedtoimprovepoorsoil

3.Whatarethetargetplantsoftheexperiment?

A.Allbreedingspecies.B.WheatandArabidopisis.

C.Riceandmaize.D.RapeseedandArabidopisis.

4.JongMyongKim'sexperimentoftryingoutthemethod.

A.canmakepeople'stripspleasant

B.turnedoutaworldwidesuccess

C.isassimpleaspouringvinegarovertheplants

D.appealstomanyflowergrowingcompanies

【文章大意】本文属于科普类文章。醋不仅使食物味道更好，还可以用它来清洁你的窗户.研究发现醋

中生长的植物，使它们更耐干旱。

1.D【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲述了醋能让植物在干旱的环境中生存，即能抗击干旱，

故选D。

2.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段最后“Thudiscoverywas...theArabidopsis:aplantknownforitsability

tosurviveindryweather.Itwasfoundthatwhentheplantwasplacedindrought-likeconditions,it

producedachemicalcalledacetate（酸酸盐）一themaincomponentofvmegar”及第三段飞yadding

acetatetothesoilofotherplants,...hadsurvived”分析可知研究人员发现Arabidopsis中的主要成分

Arabidopsis能让植物在干旱的条件下生存,故选C。

3.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Intheexperiment,wetargetedthestaplefoodsoftheworld—rice,

wheatandmaize-andthebasicplantofbreedingspecies,rapeseed,“可知在实验中，主要针对大米，小麦和

玉米等。故选C。

4.D【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的第一句“Kim...hc，salreadybeenintouchwithpeoplealloverthe

worldwhoareinterestedintryingthissimpleandcost-effectivemethodoutforthemselvesfromflower

growingcompaniestoamateurgardeners”分析本句可