统计数据的图表展示课件

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LOGO第3

章描述性统计学Descriptive

Statistics:Tabular

and

GraphicalMethodsAdd

your

company

slogan1Summarizing

Qualitative

DataExploratory

Data

AnalysisCrosstabulationsand

Scatter

Diagrams品质数据汇总Summarizing

Quantitative

Data数量数据汇总探索性数据分析:茎叶图交叉分组列表和散点图Contents2-Frequency

DistributionRelative

Frequency相对频数Percent

FrequencyDistribution百分数Pie

Chart饼状图Bar

Graph3-条形图频数分布.乒乓球 羽毛球 举重 乒乓球 羽毛球乒乓球柔道举重 举重 跳水 跳水 跳水跳水

射击 体操 羽毛球 柔道举重 田径羽毛球 跆拳道中国体育代表团在悉尼奥运会上获金牌的项目举重

射击

射击

跳水

体操

体操

乒乓球

举重STAT《统计学》第二章统计数据4-获金牌项目金牌数

占总数比例跳水举重

乒乓球羽毛球体操５枚５枚

４枚

４枚３枚射击柔道田径３枚

２枚

１枚跆拳道

１枚0.17860.17860.14290.14290.10710.10710.07140.03570.0357品质数列STAT《统计学》第二章统计数据5-获金牌项目金牌数

占总数比例0.17860.17860.14290.14290.10710.10710.07140.03570.0357变量值x跳水

５枚举重

次数

５枚乒乓球

f

４枚羽毛球

４枚体操

３枚射击 ３枚柔道

２枚田径

１枚跆拳道

１枚频率f

/∑fSTAT《统计学》第二章统计数据6-圆形图（饼图

Pie）STAT《统计学》第二章统计数据7-STAT《统计学》第二章统计数据圆形图（饼图

Pie）8-STAT《统计学》第二章统计数据圆形图（饼图

Pie）9-10-11-Bar

Charts条状图Bar

charts

provide

an

alternative

to

pie

charts.The

frequency

(or

relative

frequency)

of

eachcategoryis

represented

by

a

vertical

bar.Example

2.3

-

continued

(Excelrepresentation)7312-5236642813-STAT《统计学》第二章统计数据条形图（Bar）14-田径跆拳道柔道体操射击羽毛球乒乓球跳水举重Count302826242220181614121086420Percent10090807060504030201002334455帕累托图Pareto0-80%A类因素80-90%B类因素90-100%C类因素15-3.3数值型数据的整理与展示16-Frequency

Distribution频数分布RelativeFrequencyand

PercentFrequency

Distributions相对频数和百分数Dot

Plot打点图Histogram直方图Cumulative

Distributions累计分布图Ogive穹形图某年级83名女生身高资料身高

人数（CM）

（人）1634身高

人数（CM）

（人）12

1717

172总计83变量值x次数f15211643154216581552166515641673157116871582169115921705160161162单值（项）数列8

17423117-身高

人数

比重（CM）（人）（%）150-15533.61155-1601113.25160-1653440.96165-1702428.92170以上1113.25总计83100组距数列某年级次8数3名女生频身率高资料f

f/Σf18-某年级83名女生身高资料身高（CM）150-155155-160160-165165-170170以上总计组距数列上组限U下组限L人数组距d（人）d=U-L如3：160-155=5组中值x11342411

x=(U+L)/2如8:3(165+170)/2=167.5开口组

d=邻组d估计上组限为175估计组中值为172.519-单值数列组距为2.5的组距数列组距为4的组距数列组距为6的组距数列-20组数Sturges

经验公式最小K值法21-组距、组上限、组下限22-频数表（用SPSS制作）有效

频数 频率

有效

累计数据

频率 频率约2/3的人身高不超过165cm23-Relative

Frequency

and

Percent

FrequencyDistributions24-RelativeCost

($)

FrequencyPercentFrequency50-59

.04460-69

.262670-79

.323280-89

.141490-99

.1414100-109

.1010Total

1.00100Example: Hudson

Auto

RepairDot

Plot25-One

of

the

simplest

graphical

summaries

of

data

is

a

dot

plot.A

horizontal

axis

shows

the

range

of

data

values.Then

each

data

value

is

represented

by

a

dotplacedabove

the

axis.Example: Hudson

AutoRepair.100110Dot

Plot.

.50.

..

..

...

.............

...... ... ....60

70

80

90Cost

($)26-直方图（Histogram）27-直方图条形图28-直方图29-研究贫富差别的基本方法：将人口按

收入水平等分为5

组，观察收入差别。20%20%

20%

20%20%中国fh十年代：最富的20％家庭拥有全部财富的48％，最穷的20％家庭拥有全部财富的4％。30-Lorentz

CurveLorentz

CuGrve＝A/（A＋B）ABCumulativerelativepercent

ofpopulationCumulative

relative

percent

of

income累计次数分布图-3132-Exploratory

Data

Analysis33-The

techniques

of

exploratory

data

analysis

consistofsimple

arithmetic

and

easy-to-draw

pictures

that

canbe

used

to

summarize

dataquickly.One

such

technique

is

the

stem-and-leafdisplay.Stem-and-Leaf

Display34-Astem-and-leaf

display

shows

both

the

rank

order

and

shape

of

the

distribution

of

the

data.It

is

similar

to

a

histogramon

its

side,

but

it

has

theadvantage

of

showing

the

actual

data

values.The

first

digits

of

each

data

item

are

arranged

to

theleft

of

a

vertical

line.To

the

right

of

the

vertical

line

we

record

the

lastdigitfor

each

item

in

rankorder.Each

line

in

the

display

is

referred

to

as

a

stem.Each

digit

on

a

stem

is

a

leaf.Example: Hudson

Auto

RepairStem-and-Leaf

Display5

276

22225678889997

112234455567898

00235899

137778910

1455935-StretchedStem-and-Leaf

Display36-If

we

believe

the

original

stem-and-leafdisplayhas

condensed

the

data

too

much,

we

canstretch

the

display

by

using

two

more

stems

foreach

leading

digit(s).Whenever

a

stem

value

is

stated

twice,

the

firstvalue

corresponds

to

leaf

values

of0-4,

and

thesecond

values

corresponds

to

values

of

5-9.Example: Hudson

Auto

Repair37