翻译技巧4减词

翻译技巧4减词CuttingpronounsCuttingconjunctionsCuttingarticlesCuttingprepositionsCuttingrepeatedphrasesFromtheGrammaticalAspect

Ⅰ.CuttingpronounsACuttingthepronounassubject1.根据汉语习惯，后句主语若与前句相同，不必重复出现。e.g.Butit’sthewayIam,andtryasImight,Ihaven’tbeenabletochangeit.—不过我就是这个脾气，虽然竭力想改，终究还是改不了。2.泛指人称代词作主语时，即便是第一个主语，也往往省略掉。e.g.Youcannevertell. —很难说。e.g.Weeattolive,butnotlivetoeat. —吃饭是为了活着，可活着不是为了吃饭。e.g.Anyonewhodoesnotrecognizethisfactisnotamaterialist.—不承认这个事实，就不是唯物主义者。BCuttingthepronounasobjecte.g.Thisformulamakesiteasytodeterminethewavelengthofsounds.—这一公式使得测定声音的波长十分简单。e.g.Beforehandinginyourtranslation,youhavetoreaditoverandoveragainandseeifthereisanythinginittobecorrectedorimproved.—交出翻译之前必须多读几遍，看看里面有没有要修改的地方。CCuttingthepossessivepronoune.g.Fortwoweeks,hehadbeenstudyingthehouse,lookingatitsrooms,itselectricwiring,itspathanditsgarden.—连着两星期他都在观察房子的情况，检查各个房间，查看线路、通道和花园的布局。e.g.Thetraincame.Hepinchedhislittlesisterlovingly,andputhisgreatarmsabouthismother’sneckandthenwasaway.—火车来了。他疼爱地捏了捏小妹妹，粗壮的胳膊搂了一下母亲的脖子，然后就走了。DCuttingthepronounincomparativesentencee.g.TheclimateinSwitzerlandisabsolutelydifferentfromthatinSomalia.—瑞士的气候与索马里截然不同。ECutting“it”A)Cutting“it”asimpersonalpronoune.g.Outsideitwasrainingcatsanddogsassheshutthedoor.—她关门时外面正下着滂沱大雨。B)Cutting“it”asemphaticpronoune.g.ItwasonlythenthatIbegantohavedoubtswhethermystorywouldeverbetold.—直到那时我才开始怀疑，我的经历究竟能不能公诸于众。Ⅱ.CuttingconjunctionsACuttingthecoordinatingconjunctione.g.HeconsideredtheNationalSecurityCounciltoolargeandbulkyandthustooleaky,toomanypeoplewhotalkedtoomuch.—他认为国家安全委员会机构过于庞大臃肿，人多嘴杂，容易泄密。e.g.Yourparentsoryourwifeoryoursonoryourbestfriendsmightbeexpectingyoubackhomesafeandsound.—也许你的父母，妻儿，或者你最好的朋友都在盼望你平安回家呢。BCuttingthesubordinateconjunction1.省略表示原因的连接词e.g.Weknewthatsummerwascoming,aswecouldseeaswallow.—我们看见一只燕子，知道夏天就要来临了。e.g.Becausethedeparturewasnoteasy,we’dbettermakeitbrief.—离别不是件容易的事（离别真叫人难受），我们还是简短些吧。2.省略表示条件的连接词e.g.Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?—冬天来了，春天还会远吗？（雪莱《西风颂》）e.g.IwouldnothavesaiditifIhadknownit.—早知如此我就不说了。3.省略表示时间的连接词e.g.Whenatlasthestooduponthebluff,heturnedtohislittlesisterandlookeduponhersorrowfully.—最后他站到了悬崖上，转过身来，悲哀地看着他的小妹妹。e.g.Atlonglast,onJune6,1944,aftertheEuropeanwarwasbasicallydecidedandHitlerlicked,theallieslaunchedtheirlong-delayedwesternfront.—1944年6月6日，欧洲战局基本已见分晓，希特勒败局已定，盟军终于在这一天开辟了延迟了很久的西线战场。Ⅲ.Cuttingarticlese.g.Anysubstanceismadeofatomswhetheritisasolid,aliquid,oragas.—任何物质，不论是固体、液体或气体，都由原子构成。（类别）e.g.Themoonwasslowlyrisingabovethesea.—月亮从海上冉冉升起。（独一无二的事物）e.g.WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadalreadybegun.—我到电影院时，电影已经开始了。（特指）

但在下列情况中冠词不能省略：不定冠词“a(n)”强调数目“一”或“每一”、“同一”时：e.g.twiceaweek;birdsofafeather同一种类的鸟e.g.Heleftwithoutsayingaword.—他一句话不说就走了。定冠词“the”强调“这”、“那”时：e.g.Thisistheboywhobrokeourwindowfiveminutesago,sir!Ⅳ.Cuttingprepositionse.g.Thedifferencebetweenthetwomachinesconsistsinpower.—这两台机器的差别在于功率不同。e.g.Hydrogenisthelightestelementwithanatomicweightof1.0008.—氢是最轻的元素，原子量为1.0008。**一般说来，表示时间和地点的介词短语放在译文句首时大都可省。e.g.Thebattlebeganat11:00p.m.—夜晚11点，战役打响了。（比较：战役在夜晚11点打响。）e.g.Anancientcastlestoodontheedgeofthecliff.—悬崖边矗立着一座古堡。（比较：一座古堡矗立在悬崖边。）ⅴ.Cuttingverbse.g.Whenthepressuregetslow,theboilingpointbecomeslow.—气压低，沸点就低。e.g.Solidsexpandandcontractasliquidsandgasesdo.—如同液体和气体一样，固体也会膨胀和收缩。FromtheRhetoricalAspect

1.Cuttingtherepeatedphrasee.g.Insteadofoneoldwomanknockingmeaboutandstarvingme,everybodyofallagesknockedmeaboutandstarvedme.—那时打我、让我挨饿的不只是一个老太婆，而是老老少少各式各样的人。2.Cuttingwordswhicharenotnecessarye.g.Hisyoungersisterisanactress.—他妹妹是个（女）演员。e.g.Asscheduled,ChineseandAmericandiplomatsmetonJanuary20,attheChineseEmbassyinPoland.Itwastheirfirstget-togetherinmorethantwoyears.中美两国外交官按照预定计划于一月二十日在波兰的中国大使馆会晤。这是两年多来的第一次。e.g.Universityapplicantswhohadworkedatajobwouldreceivepreferenceoverthosewhohadnot.—报考大学的人，有工作经验的将优先录取。Homework:SentenceTranslation1.ButHumboldtnevertooktothem.Hedislikedtheiraffluentwayoflife,withplentyoffoodanddrinkandalltheworkdoneforthembytheIndians.AsfarasHumboldtwasconcerned,theyonlydidhimonepositiveservice.TheytookhislettersandsawthattheyweresenttohisfriendsinEurope.2.Theywentintodinner.Itwasexcellent,andthewinewasgood.Itsinfluencepresentlyhaditseffectonthem.Theytalkednotonlywithoutacrimony,butevenwithfriendliness.3.Despitetheprivation,andthemountingtollofdeadandwounded,moraleremainedintact,andpeoplestillsmileinthestreet.4.Shecurtseyedagain,andwouldhaveblusheddeeper,ifshecouldhaveblusheddeeperthanshehadblushedallthetime.5.Afteradecadeonthenewcontinent,theimmigrantsfromEuropehadfittedthemselvestotheland，theclimat