必修⑤ Unit 3 课下主题训练 人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系

PAGE第8页共12页必修⑤Unit3课下主题训练人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系课时作业(一)一、主题语基拓展练(一)主题词汇盘查(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)①gene□ ②intention□③rainforest□ ④breakthrough□⑤influence□ ⑥reproduce□⑦radiation□ ⑧hunger□⑨crime□ eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))damage□⑪organism□ ⑫conduct□⑬profit□ ⑭harvest□⑮technology□ ⑯genetic□⑰agricultural□ ⑱legal□⑲genetics□ ⑳cell□(二)主题词汇训练Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)gene，crime，damage，technology，cell，legal，organism，radiation，conduct，rainforest1．Thereisahotdebateonwhetheritislegaltoputmercykillingintopractice.2．Thedamagetotheenvironmentisgettingserious.3．Weconductedasurveyonshort­sightednessamongthefiftystudentsinourclass.4．Theyworrythatradiationreleasedbycellphonescouldbeharmfultoyoungpeople.5．Inmyopinion,“goldenrice”reflectsthecurrenttrendsinmoderntechnologyandshouldbewelcomed.6．Asweallknow,therainforestisbeingcutdownallovertheworld.7．We'vetraditionallythoughtofintelligenceassomethingmysteriousthatcanonlyexistinbiologicalorganisms,_especiallyhumans,butsuchanideaisunscientific.8．Itisfartooearlytomakesweeping(一概而论的)statementsaboutgenetherapy.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Itisoftenreportedthatwearesufferingmoreandmoredisastersbecauseofthedamaged(damage)environment.2．Howcanyouknowifyou'reeatinggenetically(genetic)modifiedfoodsandfeedingthemtoyourfamily?3．Theatmosphereofthenovelis_reproduced(reproduce)inthemoviesuccessfully.4．Duetomyintention(intend)tomakeabandwithmyfriends,Iamwritingtoaskyouforadviceconcerninghowtomakeasuccessfulone.5．Thegovernmentshouldmakestrictlawstopunishthosepeoplewhohuntandtradeinmarineanimalsillegally(legal)．6．Longago,asadevelopingagricultural(agriculture)country,Chinabadlyreliedonabundantrainfall.Ⅲ.写出下列句中蓝色词的汉语意思1．OurlunarprobeChang'e­4whichlandedonthefarsideofthemoon,isabreakthroughinscience.突破2．Smokingcandoterribledamagetoyourheartandlungs,andevencausecancer.损坏3．Asweallknow,ArtificialIntelligenceisrapidlytransformingourdailylife.改变4．Peopleneedtobuytheirmusicsothatartistswillmakeenoughprofitstocontinuetheirmusiccareers.利润5．ThankstoDrYuan'sgreatresearch,manylessdevelopedcountrieshavegotridofhunger.饥饿6．RecentlyIhaveconductedasurveyamongstudentsinourschoolontheiropinionsaboutourscience.实施二、主题语篇押题练Ⅰ.阅读理解In2006,documentswerepublishedbytheUnitedStatesFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA).TheysuggestedthatclonedanimalsandclonedanimalproductswouldbeallowedintotheAmericanfoodsupply.TheFDAhasstatedthatclonedanimalproductsaresafeforconsumption,andhasperformedmanystudiestosupportthisview.Infact,productsfromclonedanimalshavealreadybeeneatenbysomeAmericanswithoutilleffects.TheFDAanalyzedthestructure(结构)andcontentofclonedanimalproductsandcompareditwiththatoftraditionallyreproducedanimals,anddiscoverednostatisticaldifferencebetweenthetwo.Consumersraisedseriousconcernsaboutclonedanimals.Thefirstisthequestionofwhetherornotclonedtissueandanimalproductsaretrulysafe.Thesecondisthatmanyclonesarealsogeneticallymodified(转基因的)animals,whichtheFDAhassaidareunsafeforhumanconsumption.Thethirdisthatconsumerswanttobeabletochoosewhattheyputintotheirbodies.Thefirstconcernaboutclonedanimalsisalmostunnecessaryduetothepriceofproducingaclone.Makingacloneneedshardworkandisverycostly.Thesecloneslivespoiledlivesbecausetheyareveryvaluable,despitebiologists'warningthatclonedanimalsdecreasediversity.Thesecondconcern,aboutgeneticmodificationofclonedanimals,ismoreproblematic.Itmaybeverydifficulttoseparategeneticallymodifiedanimalsfromnormalones.Thepurposeofgeneticallymodifiedclonedanimalsisunclear,andtheFDAhasn'tallowedtheirproductsontothemarket,duetohealthconcerns,buttheriskofgeneticpollutionofhealthyanimalsstillexists.Finally,thematterofchoiceisalargeone.Manyanimalrightsactivistsareworriedaboutclonerightsbecauseclonedornot,theanimalsstillhavelives.Otherconsumersaresimplytryingtoeathealthyfoods,andhavedoubtsabouttheclonedanimals.IftheFDAdoesnotmakelabeling(贴标签)laws,peoplemaynotbeabletomakeinformedchoicesabouttheirfood.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了食用克隆动物的三个顾虑。1．WhydidtheFDAallowclonedanimalproductsforconsumption?A．Theyappealtoconsumersverymuch.B．Theydifferfromtraditionalanimalproducts.C．Theytastebetterthannormalanimalproducts.D．Theyhavebeenprovedsafeinseveralaspects.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是“TheFDAhasstatedthatclonedanimalproductsaresafe...supportthisview.”可知，克隆动物产品在很多方面被证明是安全的，所以FDA允许食用克隆动物产品。故选D项。2．Whatdoweknowaboutproducingclonesofanimals?A．Ittakesmuchmoreeffortsandmoney.B．Itprovidessomenewmedicalbenefits.C．Itneedslesstimethanraisinganimals.D．Ithelpsincreasethediversityofanimals.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Makingacloneneedshardworkandisverycostly.”可知，克隆动物花费了很多的努力和金钱。故选A项。3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Clonedanimalsshouldbeforbiddentoentermarket.B．Clonedanimalsshouldhavethesamerightsashumans.C．Lawsshouldbemadetoprotectpeople'srighttochoosefood.D．Animalrightsactivistsarestronglyagainstclonedanimalproducts.解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后一段内容，尤其是“IftheFDAdoesnotmakelabeling(贴标签)laws,peoplemaynotbeabletomakeinformedchoicesabouttheirfood.”可推知，应该制定法律来保护人们选择食物的权利。故选C项。4．What'sthetextmainlyabout?A．Doubtsaboutclonedanimals'rights.B．Discussionsabouthowtocloneanimals.C．Concernsaboutanimalcloningtechnology.D．Worriesaboutclonedanimalconsumption.解析：选D主旨大意题。本文开头提出FDA建议允许克隆动物和克隆动物产品进入美国的食品供应。第三段提出了食用克隆动物的三个顾虑。第四、五、六段分别详细论述了这三个顾虑。由此可推知，这篇文章主要探讨对食用克隆动物的担心。故选D项。Ⅱ.阅读七选五By2025,watershortagewillbeabigproblemforabout1.8billionpeople.Inaworldwherewaterresourceisincreasinglyshort,nationscannotaffordtowasteit.__1__Afterweusewaterinourhomesandbusinesses,itiswashedaway,andtakesmanyvaluableresourceswithit.Wastewaterisrichincarbonandnutrients.__2__Anumberofnationsandmajorcitieshavealreadybuiltwastewatertreatmentplants.Theycaneffectivelyrecovernutrientsandbioenergy,andproduce“newwater”thatcanbereused.Butmorethan80%ofallwastewaterstillcurrentlyflowsintonaturalecosystems,pollutingtheenvironmentandtakingvaluablenutrientsandotherrecoverablematerialswithit.__3__Thisisstillbetterthanthesituationinsmallercities.InLatinAmericancountries,thoselivinginsmallandmedium­sizedcitiesatmosttreatitintheformofseptictanks(化粪池)thatlackregularandpropermaintenance.Imaginethatoutsideoneofthesesmallcitiesliesalovelypieceofland:onthesurfaceitispleasinglybuiltandprovideshabitatsforlocalwildlife.Beneaththesurfaceisawetlandthattreatswastewaterandproducesenergy.Theenergyproducedsavesfamiliesfromhavingtousefirewoodcollectedinthewild.Thisisnotadreamproject.__4__Ateamofscientistshavebeenlookingintothepotentialofconstructedwetlandenvironments.Havinganalyzed800examplesofbiomassinmorethan20countries,theyfoundthat,dependingonclimateandthetypeofplantusedintheconstructionofthistypeofwetland,upto45hectaresoflandcouldbeirrigatedwithwastewater.__5__A．Butthatisexactlywhatwedo.B．Thiscanprovideeasyaccesstocleanwater.C．Thereisnolongeranygoodreasontowasteanytypeofwater.D．Aconstructedwetlandenvironmentisalreadyinpracticeonasmallscale.E．Thiswouldreducetheneedforfreshwaterforirrigationandenergyforpumping.F．Ifcollectedandtreatedproperly,itcouldprovide“newwater”，fertilizer,andenergy.G．Althoughwastewatersystemsinlargecitiesareeffective,thewholeprocedureusuallycostsmuch.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当前世界水资源短缺的现状以及有效利用水资源的方法。1．解析：选A上文提到在水资源短缺的大环境下，很多国家不能承担浪费(的后果)，下文提到我们用完水后，就直接把水冲走。根据上下文可知，A项“但是那正是我们所做的”承上启下，故选A。2．解析：选F上文提到废水中富含碳元素和养分，F项“如果收集和处理得当，它就能提供‘新的水’、肥料和能量”承接上文，并引出下文的废水处理系统，故选F。3．解析：选G下文讲述的是拉丁美洲的中小城市的废水处理系统缺乏常规和合适的维护，G项提到大城市的废水处理系统有效但成本高，与本段内容吻合，故选G。4．解析：选D上文提到在这些小城市建造湿地环境的设想，下文提到已经有科学家在研究建造的湿地环境的潜力了，由此可知，D项“建造的湿地环境已经在小范围的实践中了”符合语境。5．解析：选E上文讲述的是这种解决方案的另一种好处是人们可以用废水灌溉农田，E项“这可以减少用淡水灌溉的需求及抽水所需的能量”承接上文，故选E。Ⅲ.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Fromthefirstdayheenteredmyclassroom,WillardP.Frankexistedinhisownworld,shuttingouthisclassmatesandme.Myattemptsatbuildingafriendlyrelationshipwithhimweremetwithcompleteindifference.Icouldseethathisclassmatesfarednobetter.Willardwasstrictlyalonerwhoseemedtohavenodesireorneedtobreakhissilence.ShortlyaftertheThanksgivingholiday,wereceivedwordoftheannualChristmascollectionofmoneyforthelessfortunatepeopleinourschooldistrict.“Christmasisaseasonofgiving，”Itoldmystudents.“Thereareafewstudentsintheschoolwhomightnothaveahappyholidayseason.BycontributingtoourChristmascollection,youwillhelpbuyfood,clothingandtoysfortheseneedypeople.Wewillstartthecollectiontomorrow.”WhenIcalledforthecontributionsthenextday,IdiscoveredthatalmosteveryonehadforgottenexceptforWillardP.Frank.Theboydugdeepintohispantspocketsashewalkedslowlytomydesk.Carefully,hedroppedtwoquartersintothesmallcontainer.“Idon'tneedmilkforlunch，”hemumbled.Foramoment,justamoment,hesmiled.Thenheturnedandwalkedbacktohisdesk.Thatnight,afterschool,Itookourfewcontributionstotheschoolprincipal.Icouldn'thelpsharingtheincidentthathadtakenplace.“Imaybewrong,butIbelieveWillardmightbegettingreadytobecomeapartoftheworldaroundhim，”Itoldtheprincipal.“Yes，”henodded.“Andwemightdowelltohavehimshareabitofhisworldwithus.IjustreceivedalistofthepoorfamiliesinourschoolwhomostneedhelpthroughtheChristmascollection.Here,takealookatit.”AsIgazeddowntoread,IdiscoveredWillardP.Frankandhisfamilywerethetopnamesonthelist.Seeingthis,Idecidedtodosomethingforhim.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式作答。OnthatSunday,IpaidavisittoWillard'sfamily.Thenextday,IhadaspecialclassforWillard.参考范文：OnthatSunday,IpaidavisittoWillard'sfamily.Onenteringhishouse,Iwassurprisedtofindabarelyemptyroomwithabrokenbedandadirtysofa.Willardtoldmehismotherdiedandthathisfatherwasmissing,leavinghimtolivewithasickgrandma.Whenaskedwhyhehadgiventhetwoquarters,Willardmumbled,“Ijustwanttohelpothersbycontributingmymilkmoney.”Icouldn'thelpburstingintotears,thinkingIshouldhelphimbreakhissilence.Thenextday,IhadaspecialclassforWillard.Isharedhisstorywiththewholeclassandsaid,“Now,onbehalfofthepeopleinneed,IshouldsaythankstoWillard,youaregreat！”Afterasilence,allthestudentsclapped,saying“Willard,youaregreat！”andtheywalkedtohimandhuggedhimtightly.AfriendlyrelationshipwasbuiltandWillard'ssilencewasbrokenbyasmileonhisface.课时作业(二)一、主题语基拓展练(一)主题词汇盘查(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)①disaster□ ②survival□③evolution□ ④mankind□⑤original□ ⑥development□⑦scientific□ ⑧transplant□⑨change□ eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))species□⑪beneficial□ ⑫issue□⑬extinction□ ⑭disease□⑮cure□ ⑯progress□⑰organ□ ⑱ethics□⑲lifespan□ ⑳disadvantage□(二)主题词汇训练Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)issue，organ，ethics，progress，species，disease，transplant，mankind，evolution，disadvantage1．Iamfullyconvincedthatyoucanovercomeyourbadmoodandmakegreaterprogressnexttime.2．Nowadays,agreatmanywildanimalshavebeenontheendangeredspecieslist.3．WhatIhavelearntfrommytravelisthatmankindneedspeaceratherthanwar.4．Environmentalprotectionhasbecomeanurgentissueforhumanbeings.5．Despitetheadvantagesofe­reading,therearealsosomedisadvantages.6．Humancloninggoesagainstthelawsofnatureandethics.7．Environmentplaysanimportantroleontheevolutionofcreatures.8．Stayawayfrombadlifehabits,suchassmokinganddrinking,whichseverelydamagethebodyorgans.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Withthedevelopment(develop)ofmedicine,ontheaverage,apersonwilllivetotheageofabout120.2．Medicalcloningisanewscientific(science)technology,andweareworriedabouttheefficiencyofit.3．Eatingmainlyplant­basedfoodsandoccasionallyhavingmeatcanbebeneficial(benefit)totheenvironment.4．TuYouyousucceededindevelopingartemisinintocurethosepatientsofmalariaacrosstheglobe.5．Someofusthinkthatitisbettertoreadthebookintheoriginal(origin)thantoseethefilm.6．Heowedhissurvival(survive)tohisdevoteddogandcaringneighbor.Ⅲ.用本单元词汇替换/升级句中蓝色词汇1．Cloninghasbeenseenasgreatprogressinthedevelopmentofscience.breakthrough2．Itisbelievedthatthetechnologyhaschangedtheoriginalgenearrangements.transformed3．Somefearthatitcanbringusagreatdisaster,whichmightdestroythesociety.catastrophe二、主题语篇押题练Ⅰ.阅读理解Scientistsareattemptingtoextract(提取)cellsfroma40,000­year­oldhorseinhopesofusingthesampletoclonetheextinct(灭绝的)speciesbackintoexistence.Themalebabyhorsewasdiscoveredin2018inpermafrost(永冻土)innortheasternSiberiaofRussia.AteamofscientistsfromSouthKoreaandRussiabelievestheyounghorse,calledtheLenskayaorLenahorse,wasabout20daysoldwhenitdied.Thespeciesofhorse,nowextinct,isbetween30,000and40,000yearsold.Thankstotheterriblecoldness,theanimal'stissuewaspreservedenoughforthescientiststoobtainsamples.SemyonGrigoriev,headofthelabattheMammoth(猛犸象)MuseumoftheNorth­EasternFederalUniversityinYakutsk,saidthehorsewas“well­preserved”anda“greatfind”.Thereisnodamagetothehorse'sbodyandevenitshairisundamaged.Theunfortunateanimal,accordingtoGngo­riev,“couldhavedrownedafterfallingintosomekindofanaturaltrap.”HwangWoo­suk,aresearcherfromSouthKoreaworkingontheproject,said,“Ifresearchersfindacell,theywilldotheirbesttoclonetheanimal.Ifwegetlivecellsfromthisancientbabyhorse,itwouldbewonderfulintermsofcloning.”Afterthat,theywillmakeaclonedembryo(胚胎)andafemalehorsecarryitasitsmother.Hwangsaidmodern­dayhorsesare“verysimilartotheancientone，”sotherewouldbenoproblemgettinghelpfromamodern­dayfemalehorse.Thescientistsarehopingtheexperimentonthebabyhorsewillgivethemexperienceinprogressingtowardtheirambitiousgoal­bringingbacktheextinctwoollymammoth.“Ifwemanagetoclonethehorse—itwillbethefirststeptocloningthemammoth.”Hwangsaid.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家们正试图从一匹4万年前的小马驹身上提取细胞，希望利用这些样本将这个已灭亡的物种克隆回来。科学家们希望在这匹小马驹身上进行的实验能给他们带来经验实现其宏伟目标——让灭绝的猛犸象回归。1．WhywastheLenskayahorsekeptingoodcondition?A．Thetemperatureswereextremelylow.B．Itwasburiedundertheground.C．Alocalmuseumhadpreservedit.D．Itdiedquiteyoung.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thankstotheterriblecoldness,theanimal'stissuewaspreservedenoughforthescientiststoobtainsamples.”可知，由于极度寒冷，动物的组织被保存了下来，科学家们得以采集样本。故选A。2．Whatdoweknowaboutthebabyhorse?A．Itwasafemalehorse.B．Itmighthavediedbyaccident.C．Itshairwaspartlydestroyed.D．Itstissuecanhardlybefound.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Theunfortunateanimal,accordingtoGngo­riev，‘couldhavedrownedafterfallingintosomekindofanaturaltrap.’”可知，这匹小马可能是意外死亡的。故选B。3．Whatmusttheresearchersdobeforecloningtheextincthorse?A．Knowmoreaboutextinctancienthorses.B．Makeanembryoinafemalehorse.C．Findanidealmodern­dayfemalehorse.D．Getlivecellsfromthebabyhorse.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Ifwegetlivecellsfromthisancientbabyhorse,itwouldbewonderfulintermsofcloning.”可知，研究人员在克隆这种灭绝的马之前，必须从幼马身上获取活细胞。故选D。4．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AnewhorsespeciesfoundinSiberiaB．Howtopreserveancientanimals'tissuesC．ScientistsattempttocloneextincthorseD．Howtoextractcellsfromextinctspecies解析：选C标题归纳题。通读全文尤其第一段可知，文章主要讲述科学家在西伯利亚发现了一具保存完好的远古幼马遗体，并试图通过它的细胞克隆出这种已经灭绝的动物。故C项“科学家试图克隆已灭绝的马”为最佳标题。故选C。Ⅱ.完形填空Ilogontoacomputeratthedoctor'sofficetosayIhavearrivedandthenwaituntilavoicecallsmeintotheexaminationroom.There,aroboticnursedirectsmeontothescalesandthentakesmybloodpressure.Sometimelater,instepsthe__1__，whoisalsoarobot.Henotesdownmysymptomsandgivesmeaprescription.Ipayformy__2__，usingacreditcardandreturnhomewithouthavingmetanotherhumanbeing.Thisismynightmarishvisionofthe__3__，whichhasn'thappenedatleastyet.IshouldsayIreallydolikemanyaspectsof__4__.Iamabigfanofairconditioninginsummerandheatersin__5__.ButIamwritingthisbecauseIdon'twantmachinesto__6__.WhenIcallmydentist'sofficeandactuallygetahumanbeingontheline,Iam__7__.AndwhenIseetheintroductionofyetmoreself­servicecheckoutstationsatthegrocerystore,Ifeellike__8__，“Whenitcomestocashiers,makeminea(n)__9__，please！”Afterall,humancashierssometimes__10__youastorecoupon(优惠券)foritemsyouare__11__.Evenmorethanthat,real­lifecashiersoftentakeaninterestinparticularlycutechildren,whichcan__12__youngmothers'day.Acashiermayalsoshowcompassionforanelderlypersonstrugglingtogetthatlastpennyoutofhispurse.Machinescanbe__13__andcost­effectiveandtheyoftengetthejobdonejustfine.__14__theylackanelementsoimportanttoeverydaylif