新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记 Lesson33全套

新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson33【课文】Firstlistenandthenanswerthefollowingquestion.听录音，然后回答以下问题。Whyiseducationdemocraticinbookless,tribalsocieties?Educationisoneofthekeywordsofourtime.Amanwithoutaneducation,manyofusbelieve,isanunfortunatevictimofadversecircumstances,deprivedofoneofthegreatesttwentieth-centuryopportunities.Convincedoftheimportanceofeducation,modernstates'invest'ininstitutionsoflearningtogetback'interest'intheformofalargegroupofenlightenedyoungmenandwomenwhoarepotentialleaders.Education,withitscyclesofinstructionsocarefullyworkedout,punctuatedbytextbooks--thosepurchasablewellsofwisdom-whatwouldcivilizationbelikewithoutitsbenefits?Somuchiscertain:thatwewouldhavedoctorsandpreachers,lawyersanddefendants,marriagesandbirths--butourspiritualoutlookwouldbedifferent.Wewouldlaylessstresson'factsandfigures'andmoreonagoodmemory,onappliedpsychology,andonthecapacityofamantogetalongwithhisfellow-citizens.Ifoureducationalsystemwerefashionedafteritsbooklesspastwewouldhavethemostdemocraticformof'college'imaginable.Amongtribalpeopleallknowledgeinheritedbytraditionissharedbyall;itistaughttoeverymemberofthetribesothatinthisrespecteverybodyisequallyequippedforlife.Itistheidealconditionofthe'equalstart'whichonlyourmostprogressiveformsofmoderneducationtrytoregain.Inprimitiveculturestheobligationtoseekandtoreceivethetraditionalinstructionisbindingtoall.Thereareno'illiterates'--ifthetermcanbeappliedtopeopleswithoutascript--whileourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelawinGermanyin1642,inFrancein1806,andinEnglandin1876,andisstillnon-existentinanumberof'civilized'nations.Thisshowshowlongitwasbeforewedeemeditnecessarytomakesurethatallourchildrencouldshareintheknowledgeaccumulatedbythe'happyfew'duringthepastcenturies.Educationinthewildernessisnotamatterofmonetarymeans.Allareentitledtoanequalstart.Thereisnoneofthehurrywhich,inoursociety,oftenhampersthefulldevelopmentofagrowingpersonality.There,achildgrowsupundertheever-presentattentionofhisparent;thereforethejunglesandthesavannahsknowofno'juveniledelinquency'.Nonecessityofmakingalivingawayfromhomeresultsinneglectofchildren,andnofatherisconfrontedwithhisinabilityto'buy'aneducationforhischild.JULIUSE.LIPSTheOriginofThings【Newwordsandexpressions生词和短语】adverseadj.不利的purchasableadj.可买到的preachern.传教士defendantn.被告outlookn.视野capacityn.能力democraticadj.民主的tribaln.部落的triben.部落illiteraten.文盲compulsoryadj.义务的deemv.认为meansn.方法，手段，财产，资力hamperv.妨碍savannahn.大草原juvenileadj.青少年delinquencyn.犯罪【课文注释】1.adverseadj.不利的,逆向的,有害的例句：Thedevelopmentwasadversetoourinterests.这种发展与我们的利益背道而驰。【词义辨析】opposite,contrary,adverse,reverse,converse这些形容词均含“相反的、对立的”之意。opposite:指位置、方向、行动或想法等完全相反。contrary:一般指与某种主张、看法或行为等正好相反，隐含否定一方并不意味着肯定另一方的意味。adverse:通常指违害利益的、无生命的势力或条件等，侧重分歧。reverse:指朝相反方向的或反面(背面)的。converse:指在方向、行动或意见上相反的。2.depriveof剥夺,使失去...(权利)例句：Whatwillastudentdoifheweredeprivedofhisbooks?一个学生如果没有了书籍，将怎么办?deprivevtv.剥夺,失去,免职例句：Wehavenorighttodeprivetheirlife.我们没有权利去剥夺它们的生命。【词义辨析】rob,steal,plunder,deprive这些动词均含“偷，抢，夺”之意。rob:最常用词，指用暴力恐吓或哄骗等非法手段抢夺财物。steal:普通用词，指暗中行窃。plunder:指大规模或大范围地掠夺。deprive:多指夺去或扣留别人拥有或可能拥有的有价值或必需的东西，也可用于指抽象的事物。3.Education,withitscyclesofinstructionsocarefullyworkedout,punctuatedbytextbooks这句话中的主语Education与punctuated并不是一种主谓关系，因此，这句话在语法上被称作单元句。punctuatev.①加标点于例句：Thechildrenhavenotyetlearnedtopunctuatecorrectly.这些小学生尚未学会正确使用标点符号②强调例句：Hemadegesturestopunctuatehisspeech.他打手势来强调他的讲话。③不时打断例句：Hepunctuatedhisremarkswiththumpsonthetable.他讲话时不时地捶着桌子。4.Somuchiscertain[b]有承上启下的作用，一方面回答了前一段的最后一句的提问，另一方面开始列举没有教育将会给社会文明带来的影响。5.[b]laystresson强调(着重,重视)例句：Theylaytoomuchstressonmoney.他们太看重金钱了。6.capacityn.①能力例句：Hehasagreatcapacityforlearninglanguages.他学语言的能力很强。②容量,容积例句：Whatisthecapacityofthisjug?这个水壶的容积多大?③职位,资格例句：Heparticipatedinanunofficialcapacity.他参与了一个非官方的职位。Shealonewasinacapacitytobeginthenegotiation.只有她有资格开始谈判。【词义辨析】ability,capacity,capability,genius,talent,competence,faculty,gift,aptitude这些名词均可表示人的“能力，才能”之意。ability:普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。capacity:侧重指人的潜在能力，通常不指体力，多指才智，尤指接受与领悟能力。capability:多用于人，指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。常与of或for连用。genius:语气最强，指天赋的高度才能与智力。talent:着重指人某方面具有可发展和培养的突出天赋才能，但语意比genius弱。competence:正式用词，侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平，达到胜任某项工作等的要求。faculty:指特殊的才能或智力。gift:着重个人的天赋的才能或在某方面的显著本领，常暗含不能用一般规律作解释的意味。aptitude:多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力，常暗示接受能力强，能迅速掌握一种学术训练或艺术技巧。7.befashionedafter按......做成例句：Hernewdresswasfashionedafteralateststyle.她的新衣服是根据一种最新款式制作的。8.bindv.①约束,强迫例句：Iamboundbymypromise.我必须遵守自己的诺言。Thetreatybindseachcountrytoreducepollutionlevels.该条约迫使各国减少污染排放。②捆绑例句：Sheboundherhairwithahandkerchief.她用手绢把头发扎了起来。Thishintwashardenoughtobindmyhands.这个暗示已经够使我束手无策了。9.withoutascript没有文字的10.deemv.认为例句：Theyweredeemedtobeillegalimmigrants.他们被认为是不法移民。Theydeemedthathewasnolongercapableofmanagingthebusiness.他们认为他没有能力再继续管理这个公司了。11.beentitledto有权,有资格例句：Youareentitledtoafreelunch.你们有资格享用免费午餐一次。Youmaybeentitledtoreclaimsomeofthetaxyoupaidlastyear.你或许有权要求退回去年你交付的部分税金。12.hampervt.妨碍,阻止例句：Ourprogresswashamperedbythebadweather.我们前进时受到了恶劣天气的阻碍。13.juveniledelinquency青少年犯罪【参考译文】教育是我们这个时代的关键词之一。我们许多人都相信，一个没有受过教育的人，是逆境的牺牲品，被剥夺了20世纪的最优越的机会之一。现代国家深深懂得教育的重要性，对教育机构投资，收回的‘利息’便是培养出大批有