北京市2021年中考真题试卷英语试题真题(含答案与解析)

北京市2021年中考真题试卷英语试卷

一、单项填空，从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选

项。（每题0.5分，共6分）

1.（2021,北京）Mary'sbirthdayiscoming.We'vedecidedtomakeacakefor.

A.himB.herC.youD.them

【答案】B

【考点】宾格的人称代词，代词辨析

【解析】【分析】句意：Mary的生日快来了。我们已经决定为她做一块蛋糕了.A：him他；B：her

她的；C：you你；D：them他们根据Mary'sbirthdayiscoming.可知，此处指我们已经决定为她做一块

蛋糕了。故选B。

【点评】考查代词辨析，注意人称代词宾格形式的用法。

2.（2021,北京）SpaceDayofChinafallsApril24theveryyear.

A.onB.byC.atD.in

【答案】A

【考点】介词辨析

【解析】【分析】句意：中国的太空日是每年的4月24日。。n用在具体的某一天；by在......之前；at在，

后跟具体的时间点；in后跟连续的一段较长的时间前，此处指具体的一天，要用介词。n,故选A。

【点评】考查介词辨析，注意常见介词on,by,at和in的用法。

3.（2021,北京）—shallwemeetforthepicnic?

—Attheschoolgate.

A.HowB.WhenC.WhyD.Where

【答案】D

【考点】疑问词辨析

【解析】【分析】句意：一一我们将在哪里见面进行野餐？一一在学校大门口。how怎样；when什么时候；

why为什么；where在哪里。根据Attheschoolgate.可知，此处要用where对地点提问，故选D。

【点评】考查疑问词，注意根据答语选择合适的疑问词。

4.（2021•北京）—Sam,Ijoinyouinthecommunityservice?

—Ofcourseyoucan.

A.canB.mustC.shouldD.need

【答案】A

【考点】情态动词

【解析】【分析】句意：一一山姆，我能和你一起参加社区服务活动吗？一一当然你可以。can能；must

必须；should应该；need需要。根据Ofcourseyoucan.可知，此处问的是我能和你一起参加社区服务活

动吗？故选A。

【点评】考查情态动词，注意识记can,must,should和need的用法。

5.（2021•北京）Thedoctorsworkedfortenhours,nobodytookabreak.

A.soB.forC.butD.or

【答案】c

【考点】连词辨析

【解析】【分析】句意：医生们工作了10个小时，但没有人休息一下。s。所以；for为了；but但是；or

或者。根据Thedoctorsworkedfortenhours可知，此处表示转折，要使用转折连词but,故选C。

【点评】考查连词辨析，注意常见连词so,for,but和or的用法及积累。

6.（2021,北京）TheteacherisgladtoseethatTonyisthanbefore.

A.carefulB.morecarefulC.mostcarefulD.themostcareful

【答案】B

【考点】比较级的一般句式

【解析X分析】句意：老师很高兴看到托尼比以前更加小心了。根据than可知，此处要使用形容词careful

的比较级，其比较级是morecareful,故选B。

【点评】考查比较级，注意识记形容词比较级的用法。

7.（2021,北京）—Peter,whatareyoudoing?

—Oh,Iareportaboutnationalheroes.

A.willwriteB.amwritingC.wroteD.havewritten

【答案】B

【考点】现在进行时

【解析】【分析】句意：一一彼得，你在干什么？一一奥，我正在写一篇关于民族英雄的报告。根据问句

Peter,whatareyoudoing?以及语境，正在写一篇关于民族英雄的报告，要使用现在进行时，其结构为be

（am,is,are）+动词现在分词，故选B。

【点评】考查现在进行时，注意识记其结构和用法。

8.（2021,北京）MyparentsandItreeslastSunday.

A.plantB.willplantC.areplantingD.planted

【答案】D

【考点】一般过去时

【解析】【分析】句意：我的父母和我上周日去植树了。根据lastSunday可知，句子使用一般过去时，

动词要用过去式planted,故选D。

【点评】考查一般过去时，注意根据时间状语判断句子的时态。

9.（2021,北京）—Lily,whatdoyouusuallydoafterschool?

—Iexercisewithmyfriends.

A.doB.didC.willdoD.wasdoing

【答案】A

【考点】表示目前存在的状态、性质或经常发生的动作或习惯

【解析】【分析】句意：一一莉莉，放学后你通常会干什么？一一我和我的朋友们一起锻炼。根据usually

可知，句子应使用一般现在时，主语I后，谓语动词要使用动词原形，故选A。

【点评】考查一般现在时，注意根据语境确定时态和动词的变化。

10.（2021■北京）Mr.SmithChinesefortwoyears.He'smuchbetteratitnow.

A.learnsB.waslearningC.haslearnedD.willlearn

【答案】C

【考点】过去开始发生的动作一直持续到现在

【解析】【分析】句意：史密斯先生学汉语已经两年了。他现在已经好多了。根据fortwoyears可知，句

子要使用现在完成时，其构成是have/has+过去分词，主语Mr.Sm此是第三人称单数，助动词要使用

has,故选C。

【点评】考查现在完成时，注意识记其结构为have/has+动词过去分词。

11.（2021,北京）Today,manywinterOlympicsportsevenbychildren.

A.enjoyedB.enjoyC.wereenjoyedD.areenjoyed

【答案】D

【考点】一般现在时的被动语态

【解析】【分析】句意：今天，许多甚至孩子们也喜欢冬奥会运动。根据语境，句子是一般现在时，主语

winterOlympicsports和谓语动词enjoy之间是动宾关系，句子使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，

be动词用are,故选D。

【点评】考查被动语态，注意识记一般现在时的被动语态的构成及用法。

12.（2021,北京）—Couldyoupleasetellme?

—NextThursdaymorning.

A.whenwevisitedtheCapitalMuseum

B.whendidwevisittheCapitalMuseum

C.whenwewillvisittheCapitalMuseum

D.whenwillwevisittheCapitalMuseum

【答案】C

【考点】时态统一，陈述语序

【解析】【分析】句意：一一你能告诉我我们什么时候去参观首都博物馆吗？一一下周四早上。此处是宾

语从句，要用陈述语序，排除BD选项；根据NextThursdaymorning.可知，句子使用一般将来时，故选

C»

【点评】考查宾语从句，注意宾语从句的连接词、语序及时态。

二、完形填空（每题1分，共8分）

13.（2021•北京）阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择

最佳选项。

ThePictureofPeace

WhenMikewasseven,heknewhisdreamwastobeaphotographer.Hekeptworkingonitforyears.

Recently,hewastryingtotakeapictureofasunset（日落）toentertheschool1competition.

"Mom,ithasbeencloudythesedays.Idon'tthinkIcangetthispicture!"Mikecomplained.

"Whynotuseoneofyourphotosonthecomputer?"suggestedMom.

Hlcan't-therulessaythephotoshavetobetakenwithatraditionalcamera.Wehandinarolloffilm,itgets

developed（冲洗胶卷）,andwe2onephotoforthecompetition."

:11XFK

"Whyisasunsetsoimportant?"Momasked.

"The3ofthecompetitionispeace,"Mikeexplained,"andIfeelmostpeacefulseeinga

sunset.

Zach,hissix-year-oldbrothercameoutofthebedroom."Hey,youwanttotakeapictureofme?Look!"He

putbotharmsoverhishead.

"Notrightnow,"saidMike,laughing.

Thatveryafternoon,Mikefeltexcitedwhenhesawclearskies.Hecarefullylineduphisshot（镜头）and

waited4tillthesunreachedtheground.

"That'sit!Perfect!"heshoutedcheerfully.

Thenextmorning,Mikenoticedhecouldtakeonemorepicturetocompletetherolloffilm,sohewalked

intoZach'sroom.Zachwas5quietlywithateddybearunderhisarm.Mikedidn'twakeZach

up,andcarefullytookapictureofhim.

Aweeklater,Mikegotthephotos.Thesunsetpicturewastheonehewasmost6tosee.

Thereitwas!ItwasasnearlyperfectasMikehadexpected.

Then,helookedthroughtheotherphotos.Suddenly,hestopped.Hiseyebrows（眉毛）roseashe

7thephotoofZach.Helookedbackatthephotoofthesunset,whichseemedlessperfectnow.He___

8thetwochoices.Finally,hedecidedtohandinthephotoofZachforthecompetition.

1.A.violinB.tennisC.photoD.chess

2.A.chooseB.collectC.describeD.design

3.A.prizeB.topicC.resultD.purpose

4.A.politelyB.bravelyC.hopefullyD.secretly

5.A.playingB.readingC.writingD.sleeping

6.A.afraidB.eagerC.surprisedD.confused

7.A.studiedB.sharedC.copiedD.fixed

8.A.changedB.offeredC.acceptedD.weighed

【答案】(1)C；(2)A；(3)B；(4)C；(5)D；(6)B；(7)A；(8)D；

【考点】故事阅读类，记叙文

【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。Mike从小就梦想成为一名摄影师，一天学校组办摄影比

赛，他希望用日落的照片参赛，之后无意间Zach的一张照片吸引了他的注意力，于是他改变了主意。

【点评】考查完形填空。根据所给的短文对意思有所了解，然后根据短文的大体意思，选择每个符合题意

的答案，使短文更通顺。

⑴句意：最近，他试图拍摄一张日落的照片，以参加学校的摄影比赛。A.violin小提琴；B.tennis,网球；

C.photo照片;D.chess象棋。根据"Recently,hewastryingtotakeapictureofasunset"可知,最近他试图拍

一张日落的照片，目的是参加学校的摄影比赛。故选C。

(2)句意:我们为比赛选择了一张照片。A.choose选择；B.collect搜集；C.describe描述；D.design设计；前

文"WehandinarolloffUm,itgetsdeveloped."可知，我们上交一卷胶卷，冲洗好，从这些照片里选出来一

张参赛。故选A。

⑶句意：比赛的主题是和平，”迈克解释说，"看到日落，我感到最平静。Aprize奖品；B.topic话题；

Cresult结果;D.purpose目的；根据"andIfeelmostpeacefulseeingasunset."可知，迈克感觉日落让他感到

最平静，所以这次比赛的主题是和平。故选B。

⑷句意：他小心翼翼地排好子弹，满怀希望地等到太阳到达地面。A.politely有礼貌地；B.bravely勇敢

地；C.hopefully有希望地；D.secretly秘密地；前文指出看到晴朗的天空之后他很开心，后面又提到他等到

了那个画面，所以现在他是满怀希望地等着太阳射到地面。故选C。

⑸句意：扎克正静静地睡觉，腋下夹着一只泰迪熊。A.playing玩耍；B.reading阅读；C.writing写作；

D.sleeping睡觉；下文"Mikedidn'twakeZachup"可知，迈克没有叫醒Zach,所以Mike进去的时候，Zach在

睡觉。故选Do

⑹句意：日落的照片是他最渴望看到的照片。A.afraid害怕的；B.eager渴望的；C.surprised惊讶的；

D.confused困惑的；根据前文可知，日落的画面是他很期望得到的。故选B。

(7)句意:当他仔细地看着扎克的照片，眉毛扬了起来。A.studied学习；B.shared分享；C.copied复制；

D.fixed修理；结合句意可知，突然，他停了下来，因此应该是仔细地看着扎克的照片，眉毛扬了起来，

因此选studied符合题意。故选A。

⑻句意：他权衡了这两个选择。A.changed改变；B.offered主动提供；C.accepted接受;D.weighed权衡;

前文指出在两张照片之间有点纠结，所以该句句意是"他权衡了这两个选择，最后他决定把扎克的照片交

上去参加比赛。"因此选weighed符合题意。故选D。

三、阅读理解(每题2分，共26分)

14.(2021•北京)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳

选项。

YoungHeroesforthePlanet

Nowadays,peoplearoundtheworldareworkingtohelpourplanet.Checkouthowthefouryoungadults

madeadifference.

SavingPandas

WhenJackwas11,hestartedagrouptoteachkidsaboutpandas.Healsosoldtoypandastoraise

moneytoprotectpandasindanger."Ihopetoencouragemorepeopletocareaboutpandas,"Jacksays.

>GrowingRight

Kathy,14,setupanorganizationtoeducatepeopleaboutgrowingrightplantinrightplaces.Shealso

wroteabooktohelppeoplelearnwhatplantsarenativeto(本土的)theirarea.

CreatingEnergy

Attheageof12LindainventedamachinecalledSuperE.Itcollectsheatfromfieldstomake

electricity(电)，Lindasaysherinventioncreateselectricityinawaythatislessharmfultothe

environment.

CleaningUp

/r'VtrV

Patrick,13,joinedtheOceanHeroesCamplastyear.Hestartedaprojectandpickedupplasticwaste

aroundnearbylakeswithhisfriends.Thegoaloftheprojectwastofightplasticpollution.

(1)Whostartedagrouptoteachkidsaboutpandas?

AJack.

B.Kathy.

C.Linda.

0.Patrick.

(2)HowoldwasLindawhensheinventedSuperE?

A.ll.

B.12.

C.13.

D.14.

(3)WhatwasthegoalofPatrick'sproject?

A.Tofightplasticpollution.

B.Toprotectpandasindanger

C.Tolearnaboutnativeplants.

D.Touseheattomakeelectricity.

【答案】(1)A

(2)B

(3)A

【考点】人物传记类，议论文

【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文介绍了四位正在改变世界的孩子。

【点评】考查阅读理解，在读懂文章大意的基础上，与题目有机的结合，从文中找到相关细节性的句子与

选项细细对比，有时可采用排除法快速得出答案。

(1)细节理解题。根据"WhenJackwas11,hestartedagrouptoteachkidsaboutpandas”杰克11岁时,他成

立了一个组织，教孩子们关于熊猫的知识。可知，Jack创办了一个组织教孩子们关于熊猫的知识。故选

Ao

⑵细节理解题。根据"Attheageof12LindainventedamachinecalledSuperE"Linda在12岁的时候发明了一

台叫做SuperE的机器。可知，Linda发明SuperE的时候12岁。故选B。

⑶细节理解题。根据"Thegoaloftheprojectwastofightplasticpollution”可知，Patrick项目的目标是对抗塑

料污染。故选A。

15.(2021•北京)阅读理解

WhenIwasintheeighthgrade,myclasswasassigned(指派)tobefriendswiththesecond-gradekids.Igot

thislittlegirlnamedShelley.ThefirsttimeIsawher,shewassilentandcold.Shewassmallforherage,andshe

didn'tplaywiththeotherkidsinherclass.

Itriedallkindsofthingstogethertotalktome.Iboughthertoys,crayonsandcandies,ButtryasImight,

nothingworked.Onetine,Igaveheracoloringbookandsaid,"Shelley,nowyoucancolorinitanytime."

Shelleylookedatthecoloringbookandthenlookedupatme,andfinallylookedaway.Bythat,Ididn't

knowhowIwasgoingtogetthroughtothelittlegirl,butIknewIwouldn'tgiveuponher.

OneFriday.Idecidedtotellherastoryaboutmychildhood.ItoldherthatIfeltlonelywhenIwaswithmy

classmates,andhowIthoughtonlymyteacherslikedme.Ialsotoldherthateverydaywasabattle(战役)for

meandIfoughtbacktearssopeoplewouldn'tknowhowmuchIwashurting.

Shesattherejustlistening,tryingtodecidewhetherIwaslyingornotFinally,whenmystoryended,there

weretearsinhereyes.Andthenshedidtheunthinkable.Shesaid,"Thankyou."Fromthenon,Shelleywasa

differentlittlegirl.Shestartedsmilingandtalkingwithotherkids.

LookingbackatthisI'minawe(惊叹)，becauseallIdidwastohelpherrealizethatshewasn'talone.Ididn't

askhertotellherstory,becauseherstoryismystory.

(1)WhatwasShelleylikewhenthewriterfirstsawher?

A.Cold.

B.Lazy.

C.Noisy.

D.SIow.

(2)InordertogetthroughtoShelley,thewriter.

A.wroteherabook

B.madeheratoy

C.drewherapicture

D.toldherastory

(3)Shelleychangedalotbecausesherealizedthat.

A.herteacherslovedher

B.herclassmateswerekind

C.thewriterunderstoodher

D.shehadtostudyevenharder

【答案】(1)A

(2)D

(3)C

【考点】故事阅读类，记叙文

【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文讲述了作者帮助一个不爱讲话的女孩Shelley变得更加开朗的故事。作者

惊叹于Shelley的改变，因为作者认为自己所做的就是让Shelley知道自己并不孤单。

【点评】考查阅读理解，做题时要在理解好文章大意的基础上，与题目有机的结合，从文中找到相关细节

性的句子与选项细细对比，有时可采用排除法快速得出答案。

⑴细节理解题。根据第一段"ThefirsttimeIsawher,shewassilentandcold"我第一次见到她时，她沉默而冷

漠。可知，作者第一次见到Shelley时，她沉默而且冷漠，故选A。

(2)细节理解题。根据第三段"Bythat/didn'tknowhowIwasgoingtogetthroughtothelittlegirl,butIknewI

wouldn'tgiveuponher"这时，我不知道该如何打动这个小女孩，但我知道我不会放弃她的。以及第四段

"OneFriday.ldecidedtotellherastoryaboutmychildhood"一个星期五。我决定告诉她一个关于我童年的故

事。可知，为了接近Shelley,作者给她讲了一个故事。故选D。

⑶推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"Finally,whenmystoryended,thereweretearsinhereyes.Andthenshedid

theunthinkable.Shesaid,"Thankyou,"Fromthenon,Shelleywasadifferentlittlegirl.Shestartedsmilingand

talkingwithotherkids"最后，当我的故事结束时，她热泪盈眶。然后她做了一件不可思议的事。她说："谢

谢。"从那时起，Shelley变成了一个与众不同的小女孩。她开始微笑着和其他孩子聊天。以及最后一段"I

didn'taskhertotellherstory,becauseherstoryismystory"我没有让她讲她的故事，因为她的故事就是我的

故事。可知，Shelley改变了很多是因为她意识到作者理解她。故选C。

16.(2021,北京)阅读理解

SchoolGardensCouldHelpChildrenTryMoreVegetables

It'snotalwaysenjoyableforchildrentoeatvegetables.Butwhatifagardenisbuiltintheschool?New

researchsuggeststhatagardeningprograminschoolscanincreasechildren'svegetableintake（摄入量）.

HowtheStudyWasCarriedOut

Thestudywascarriedoutineightschools,Eachschoolwasinthegardeningprogramforoneschoolyear.

Everychildingrades3-5receivedatotalofeighteen60-minutelessonsacrosstheschoolyear.Intheprogram,

eachschoolbuiltagarden,wherechildrenlearnedtogrowtheirownfreshproduce,likefruitandvegetables.

TheBenefitsChildrenCouldGet

Thestudyfoundthatvegetableintakeifthechildrenwhogrewtheirownproduceincreasedgreatlyacross

theyear.Relatedstudiesshowthatincreasedvegetableintakecanimprovehealthandcuttheriskofchronic

diseases（t曼性疾病）.Notonlyaretherebenefitstohealth,increasingthevarietyofvegetableschildrenare

exposed（接触）tomayalsomakemealtimesmucheasier."Childrenwhoareoftenexposedtoavarietyof

vegetablesaremorelikelytotrynewfoods,"explainsDr.KerryJones.Forchildren,growingtheirownfoodisa

powerfultooltoincreasetheirintakeofthefood.

Anyopportunitytoexposechildrentomorevegetablesismeaningful."Ifchildrenarelearningabout

vegetablesatschool,it'simportanttoencouragethisinterest,"saysJones.Parentscanlistentotheirchildren

aboutwhattheyhavelearnedandreadthehandoutstheybringhomefromschool.Parentsandchildrencan

alsoreadbookstogether.Youngerchildrencanenjoyreadingstoriesaboutvegetableswithparentswhooffer

usefulmessage.Olderchildrenmayenjoysearchingthroughcookbookswithparentstofindnewdinnerideasto

cookvegetablesinatastyway.Besides,asmallplanterboxinasunnypartathomecanencouragechildrento

understandmoreaboutwheretheirfoodcomesfrom.

Teachingchildrentogrowtheirownproduceisagreatwaytoincreasetheirpreferencefortheproduce.If

childrenaretaughttoenjoyvegetablesearlyinlife,theywillprobablycontinueeatingvegetablesinthelong

term.

（1）Whatdidchildrendointhegardeningprogram?

A.Theydidresearchonnewplants.

B.Theygrewfreshproduceatschool.

C.Theytookhomegreenvegetables

D.Theybuiltgardensfortheirclasses.

(2)WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebestheadingforParagaph4?

A.ldeastoEncourageChildrentoCookatHome

B.WaystoExposeChildrentoVegetablesatHome

C.ReasonsWhyParentsShouldUnderstandChildren

0.SuggestionsWhichChildrenCouldGetfromParents

(3)Whatcanwelearnfromtheprogram?

A.Parent*supportmightimprovechildren'sreading.

B.Schoolprogramscoulddevelopstudents'creativity.

C.Doingstudiescanpreparestudentsforfuturelearning.

D.Hands-onexperiencemayinfluencechildren'spreference.

【答案】(1)B

(2)B

(3)D

【考点】医疗保健类，说明文

【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文介绍了在学校花园里让学生自己种植蔬菜的好处。

【点评】考查阅读理解，做题时要在理解好文章大意的基础上，与题目有机的结合，从文中找到相关细节

性的句子与选项细细对比，有时可采用排除法快速得出答案。

⑴细节理解题。根据第二段"Intheprogram,eachschoolbuiltagarden,wherechildrenlearnedtogrow

theirownfreshproduce,likefruitandvegetables."在该项目中，每一所学校都建了一个花园，孩子们在

那里学会种植自己的新鲜农产品，比如水果和蔬菜。可知，孩子们在那里学会种植自己的新鲜农产品。

故选B,

⑵句意猜测题。根据倒数第二段"Anyopportunitytoexposechildrentomorevegetablesismeaningful."

任何让孩子接触更多蔬菜的机会都是有意义的。以及整段内容可知，本段主要介绍了从不同方面鼓励孩

子们多吃蔬菜的方法。故选B。

⑶推理判断题。根据最后一段"Teachingchildrentogrowtheirownproduceisagreatwaytoincrease

theirpreferencefortheproduce."教孩子们自己种植农产品，是增加他们对农产品偏好的一个很好的方

法。可知，实践经验可能会影响孩子的偏好。故选D。

17.(2021•北京)阅读理解

Natureandcultureareoftenseenasoppositeideas.Whatbelongstonaturecannotbetheresultofhuman

activitiesand.ontheotherhand,culturaldevelopmentisachievedagainstnature.However,thisisnottheonly

opinionontherelationshipbetweennatureandculture.Studiesinthedevelopmentofhumanssuggestthat

culture,whethertakenasaneffortagainstnatureoranaturaleffort,ispartofthedevelopmentofthehuman

species(物种).

Severalmodernwriterssawtheprocessofeducationasastruggle（斗争）againsthumannature.Weare

bornwithwildnatures,suchaseatingandbehavinginadisorganizedwayoractingselfishly.Educationuses

cultureasawaytogetusoutofourwidestnatures;itisthankstoculturethatthehumanspeciescouldlearnto

adapt（适应），progressandraiseitselfaboveandbeyondotherspecies.

Overthepastcenturyandahalf,however,studiesinthehistoryofhumandevelopmenthaveshownthat

theformationofcultureispartofthebiologicaladaptation.Consider,forexample,hunting（打猎）.Itseemsto

beanadaptation,whichallowedhumanstomoveintonewanddifferentareas,openinguptheopportunityto

changelivinghabits.Atthesametime,thedevelopmentofweapons（武器）isrelatedtothatadaptation-from

rocksandstonestoasetofhuntingtools,andfromhuntingtoolstorulesrelatingtotheproperuseofweapons.

Huntingalsoseemstoberesponsibleforawholesetofbodilyabilities,suchasbalancingononefoot.Justthink

ofhowthisverysimplethingiscloselyrelatedtodance,akeyexpressionofhumanculture.Itisthenclearthat

biologicaldevelopmentandculturaldevelopmentarecloselytied.

foil

mail

Thetransmissionofcultureseemstobedirectlyrelatedtowhat'sinourblood.Justassnailscarrytheir

shell,sodowebringalongourculture.However,cultureisalsopassedonamongpeopleofthesametimesor

amongpeoplebelongingtodifferentpopulations.Wecanlearnhowtomakejiaozievenifwewerebornfrom

RussianparentsinParisjustaswecanlearnhowtospeakEnglishevenifnoneofourfamilyorfriendsspeaks

thatlanguage.

（1）WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Culturebelongstohumannature.

B.Natureteacheshumanshowtoadapt.

C.Humansaresupposedtobewellorganized.

D.Educationpushesthehumanspeciestoprogress.

（2）WhydoesthewritertalkabouthuntinginParagraph3?

A.Tosuggestsomepossiblewaysofchanginglivinghabits.

B.Tostresstheimportanceoftoolsinhumans'struggleforlife.

C.Toshowhowculturedevelopsashumansadapttotheenvironment.

D.Toexplainwhythereisaneedtocallfortheproperuseofweapons.

（3）Theword"transmission"inParagraph4probablymeans"

A.system

B.spread

C.start

D.spirit

(4)Whatisthewriter'sopiniononthenature-culturerelationship?

A.Cultureandnatureareseparateyetbalanced.

B.Culturedependsmuchonnaturetoprogress.

C.Natureandculturearedifferentbutconnected.

D.Naturefollowstheunwrittenrulessetbyculture.

【答案】(1)D

(2)C

(3)B

(4)C

【考点】社会文化类，议论文

【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。自然和文化常常被视为对立的观点，但人类发展的研究

表明，二者但是人类物种发展的一部分。生物的发展和文化的发展是紧密相连的，文化的传播似乎与我

们血液中的东西直接相关。

【点评】考查阅读理解，做题时要先浏览文章，然后将题干与原文有机的结合，从文中找到相关细节性的

句子与选项细细对比，有时可采用排除法快速得出答案。

⑴段落大意题。根据第二段"Severalmodernwriterssawtheprocessofeducationasastruggle(斗争)against

humannature"几位现代作家把教育的过程看作是一场与人性的斗争。可推断，第二段主要介绍了教育推

动人类进步。故选D。

(2)细节理解题。根据第三段"Itseemstobeanadaptation,whichallowedhumanstomoveintonewand

differentareas,openinguptheopportunitytochangelivinghabits."这似乎是一种适应，使人类能够进入新的

和不同的地区，打开改变生活习惯的机会。可知，作者第三段谈论狩猎是为了展示文化是如何随着人类

适应环境而发展的。故选C。

⑶词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句句意：文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。正如蜗牛带

着壳一样，我们也会带着自己的文化。结合选项可推出，transmission的意思是"传播"，故选B。

⑷观点态度题。根据第三段"Itisthenclearthatbiologicaldevelopmentandculturaldevelopmentareclosely

tied"很明显，生物的发展和文化的发展是紧密相连的。结合文章内容可推知，作者认为自然和文化是不

同的，但互为联系。故选C。

四、阅读表达(每题2分，共10分)

18.(2021•北京)阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。

Screen-FreeDays

IrememberthefirsttimeIsuggestedscreen-freedaysinourschooltosomeofourstudentleaders.

Jokingly,Isaidtothegroup,"Whatdoyouthinkifwegoaweekwithoutusingourlaptopsorsmartphones?"

Theylaughed,andoneofthemsaid,"Noway,Mr.White.Theywouldbetoomuch."Icouldfeeltheirworry,

andtoldthemthatIwasonlyconsideringsinglescreen-freedays.Eventhatidealeftthemfeelingupset.

Accordingtoasurveywedid,moststudentinourschoolspendaboutsixhoursadayonscreens.Manyof

mystudentsstarttheirdaybycheckingtheirsmartphones.Ioftenseethemlookingattheirphoneswhen

gettingoffthebusoratparentsdrop-off-theycan'tusetheirown"screens"atschool.Theyusuallyworkon

computersatschoolforatleasttwohoursduringtheday.

It'sclearthatourstudentsspendalotoftimeonscreens,Wedoseethebenefitsoftechnology.However,

weteachersalsowanttomakesurethatstudentshavebalancedlearningandsocialexperiencesawayfrom

theirscreens.That*swhywehavecomeupwiththeideaofscreen-freedays.

Duringthecourseoftheyear,wehavebuiltinseveralscreen-freedaysthatrequireustomakedifferent

plansforourstudentsabouthowtheywillcommunicatewithoneanotherandtheworldaroundthemwithout

"screens".Forsometeachers,thismeansbringingbackavaluablelessonplanthathasbeenputoffforsome

timebecauseitis"outofdate".Othershavedesignedsomethingcompletelynew.

Funactivities,forexample,cardgamesandroomescape(密室逃脱)games,areorganizedatschool.In

theseactivities,studentssocializewithoutsmartphonesandhaveface-to-facecommunicationwithoutchecking

on"likes"they'vegotonline.Thesefunactivitiesalsomakeitpossibleforthewholegradetoenjoythecompany

oftheirfriendswithnosmartphones.

Afterourfirstscreen-freeday,studentsmentionedthattheyweresurprisedtheyenjoyedit.Findingways

tohelpourstudentsconnectwithoneanotherisimportant.

Whiletechnologyisalreadypartofourworld,itshouldn'tplaysuchanimportantroleinalearner'slife.

(1)Howmanyhoursdomoststudentsintheschoolspendonscreenseveryday?

(2)Whyhavetheteacherscomeupwiththeideaofscreen-freedays?

(3)Whatfunactivitiescanthestudentshaveatschool?

(4)Howdidthestudentsfeelafterthefirstscreen-freeday?

(5)Whatdoyouthinkoftheideaofscreen-freedays?Whydoyouthinkso?

［答案］(1)Theyspendaboutsixhoursonscreenseveryday.

(2)Becausetheywanttomakesurethatstudentshavebalancedlearningandsocialexperiencesawayfrom

theirscreens.

(3)Theycanhavefunactivitieslikecardgamesandroomescapegames.

(4)Theyweresurprisedtheyenjoyedit.

(5)略

【考点】日常生活类，记叙文

【解析】【分析】文章大意：随着现代科技的发展和普及，我们很多学生每天花在屏幕上的时间很多。因

此为了不影响他们的学习，学校提出了"无屏幕日"，用一些有趣的活动来取代屏幕时间，让学生回到真正

的现实生活中来。

【点评】考查任务型阅读，做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，

各个击破.掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题再回到原文中去寻

找、捕获有关信息。

(1)细节理询吊题。根据Accordingtoasurveywedid,moststudentinourschoolspendaboutsixhoursadayon

screens.可知根据我们所做的一项调查，我们学校的大多数学生每天花6个小时在屏幕上。所以学校里的

大多数学生每天花大约6个小时在屏幕上。故答案为Theyspendaboutsixhoursonscreenseveryday.

推理判断题。根据

(2)Howeverzweteachersalsowanttomakesurethatstudentshavebalancedlearningand

socialexperiencesawayfromtheirscreens.That'swhywehavecomeupwiththeideaofscreen-freedays.可矢口

但是，我们老师也希望确保学生在远离屏幕的地方有平衡的学习和社会体验，这就是为什么我们想出了

无屏幕天的想法。所以老师们会想出无屏幕的日子的想法，因为他们想确保学生在远离屏幕的地方有平

衡的学习和社会体验。故答案为Becausetheywanttomakesurethatstudentshavebalancedlearningand

socialexperiencesawayfromtheirscreens.

⑶细节理解题。根据Funactivities,forexample,cardgamesandroomescape(密室逃脱)games,areorganized

atschool.可知学校组织了一些有趣的活动，例如纸牌游戏和房间逃生游戏。所以学生们在学校有一些有

趣的活动，如纸牌游戏和房间逃生游戏。故答案为Theycanhavefunactivitieslikecardgamesandroom

escapegames.

(4)细节理解题。根据Afterourfirstscreen-freeday,studentsmentionedthattheyweresurprisedthey

enjoyedit.可知在我们的第一个无屏幕日之后，学生们提到他们很惊讶他们喜欢它。所以学生们在第一天

没有屏幕后感觉自己很享受。故答案为Theyweresurprisedtheyenjoyedit.

推理表达题。根据

(5)Afterourfirstscreen-freedayzstudent