2023年考研外语考前摸底试卷11

考研外语考前摸底试卷11

一、UseofEnglish

1、Itisgenerallyrecognizedintheworldthatthesecond

GulfWarinIraqisacrucialtestofhigh-speedWeb.Fordecades,

Americanshaveanxiously(1)eachwarthroughanew

communications(2),fromtheearlysilentfilmofWorld

WarItothe24-hourcablenews(3)ofthefirstPersian

GulfWar.

Now,(4)bombsexplodinginBaghdad,asuddenincreasein

wartime(5)foronlinenewshasbecomeacentraltestof

the(6)ofhigh-speedInternetconnections.Itisalsoa

good(7)bothtoattractuserstoonlinemedia(8)

andtopersuadethemtopayforthematerialtheyfindthere,

(9)thevalueoftheCableNewsNetworkpersuadedmillions

to(10)tocableduringthelastwarinIraq.

(11)byasteadyriseoverthelast18monthsinthenumber

ofpeoplewithhigh-speedInternet(12),nowatmorethan

70millionintheUnitedStates,theWebsitesofmanyofthe

majornewsorganizationshave(13)assembledanovel

collage(拼贝占)of(14)video,audioreports,photography

collections,animatedweaponry(15),interactivemapsand

othernewdigitalreportage.

TheseInternetservicesare(16)____ontheremarkab1e

abundanceofsoundsandimages(17)fromvideocameras

(18)onBaghdadandjournaliststravelingwithtroops.And

theyhavefounda(19)audienceofAmericanofficeworkers

(20)theircomputersduringtheearlycombat.

A.notified

B.publicized

C.followed

D.pursued

2、(2)

A.means

B.medium

C.method

D.measure

3、(3)

A.coverage

B.publication

C.convention

D.conveyance

4、⑷

A.during

B.in

C.as

D.with

5、(5)

A.report

B.demand

C.concern

D.prospect

6、(6)

A.ability

B.chance

C.potential

D.power

7、(7)

A.opportunity

B.perspective

C.message

D.response

8、(8)

A.outlets

B.resources

43

C.circumstances

D.positions

9、⑼

A.forallthat

B.nowthat

C.justas

D.asif

10、(10)

A.subject

B.contribute

C.apply

D.subscribe

11、(H)

A.Discouraged

B.Inspired

C.Impressed

D.Effected

12、(12)

A.approach

B.usage

C.application

D.access

4

13、(13)

A.radically

B.plausibly

C.orderly

D.hastily

14、(14)

A.living

B.alive

C.live

D.lively

15、(15)

A.destruction

B.displays

C.installation

D.contest

16、(16)

A.capitalizing

B.embarking

C.broadcasting

D.operating

17、(17)

A.accessible

5

B.desirable

C.feasible

D.available

18、(18)

A.focused

B.rested

C.reckoned

D.depended

19、(19)

A.continuous

B.perpetual

C.captive

D.temporary

20、(20)

A.with

B.at

C.beside

D.near

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

In1929JohnD.Rockefellerdecideditwastimetosellshares

whenevenashoeshineboyofferedhimasharetip.Duringthe

pastweekTheEconomist'seconomicseditorhasbeenadvisedby

ataxidriver,aplumberandahairdresserthat"youcan'tgo

wrong"investinginhousing—themoreyouownthebetter.Is

thisasignthatitistimetogetout?Attheveryleast,as

housepricesaroundtheworldclimbtoeverloftierheights,

andmoreandmorepeoplejumpontothebuy-to-letladder,it

istimetoexposesomeofthefallaciesregularlytrottedout

bysomanyself-appointedhousingexperts.

Onecommonerroristhathousepricesmustcontinuetorise

becauseofalimitedsupplyofland.Forinstance,itisargued

that"housepriceswillalwaysriseinLondonbecauselotsof

peoplewanttolivehere”.Butthisconfusesthelevelofprices

withtheirrateofchange.Homepricesareboundtobehigher

inbigcitiesbecauseoflandscarcity,butthisdoesnot

guaranteethaturbanhousepriceswillkeeprising

indefinitely一justlookatTokyo'shugeprice-dropssince1990.

And,thoughitistruethatafixedsupplyofhomesmaypush

uphousepricesifthepopulationisrising,thiswouldimply

asteadyriseinprices,notthe20%annualjumpsofrecentyears.

Asecondflawedargumentisthatlowinterestratesmakebuying

ahomecheaper,andsopushupdemandandprices.Lowerinterest

ratesmayhaveallowedsomepeople,whootherwisecouldnothave

affordedamortgage,tobuyahome.Butmanyborrowerswhothink

mortgagesarecheaperaresufferingfrommoneyillusion.

Interestratesarenotverylowinreal,inflation-adjusted

terms.Initialinterestpaymentsmayseemlowinrelationto

income,butbecauseinflationisalsolowitwillnoterodethe

realburdenofdebtasswiftlyasitoncedid.Soinlateryears

mortgagepaymentswillbemuchlargerinrealterms.Toargue

thatlownominalinterestratesmakebuyingahomecheaperis

likearguingthatacarloanpaidoffoverfouryearsischeaper

thanonerepaidovertwoyears.

FallacynumberthreeisafavouriteclaimofAlanGreenspan,

chairmanofAmerica,sFederalReserve.Thisisthatprice

bubblesarelesslikelyinhousingthaninthestock-market

becausehighertransactioncostsdiscouragespeculation.In

fact,severalstudieshaveshownthatbothintheoryandin

practicebubblesaremorelikelyinhousingthaninshares.A

studybytheIMFfindsthatasharpriseinhousepricesisfar

morelikelytobefollowedbyabustthanashare-priceboom.

Theterm，，fallacies，/(Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans

A.ridiculousstrategies

不_____Q

q8

B.obsoletemethodologies

C.mistakenbeliefs

D.far-fetchedassertions

2、

Whatistherelationshipbetweentheopeningparagraphandthe

restofthetext?

A.Thedeadlysinsaresingledoutinthefirstparagraphand

thendeniedbytheauthorofthetext.

B.Ageneralizationismadeintheopeningparagraphand

elaboratedinthefollowingparagraphs.

C.Theunusualanecdotesarequotedinthefirstparagraphand

thenarticulatedinthefollowingparagraphs.

D.Ageneralizationisadvancedintheopeningparagraphand

refutedinthefollowingparagraphs.

3、

Theauthorofthetextmakesacomparisonin.

A.Paragraph4

B.concludingparagraph

C.Paragraph2

D.openingparagraph

4、

TheviewsofAlanGreenspanandtheauthorofthetextonprice

bubblesare.

A.complementary

B.identical

C.opposite

D.similar

5、

Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?

A.Itistimetoillustratesomepopularfallaciesabout

buyingahome.

B.Somepopularflawedargumentsaboutbuyingahomeshould

bemadeknowntothepublicforthetimebeing.

C.Peopleshouldbepunctualinbusinessdealingsofshares

andhousing.

D.AlanGreenspan,sclaimcanholdwaterwithrespectto

fallacymemberthree.

6、Manycountrieshaveatraditionofinvitingforeignersto

rulethem.TheEnglishcalledinWilliamofOrangein1688,and,

dependingonyourinterpretationofhistory,Williamof

Normandyin1066.Bothdidratheragoodjob.Returningthe

compliment,Albaniaaskedawell-bredEnglishmancalledAubrey

Herberttobetheirkinginthe1920s.Herefused一andthey

endedupwithseveralcovescalledZog.

America,thecountryofimmigrants,hasnotruckwithimported

foreigntalent.Articletwooftheconstitutionsaysthat”no

personexceptanatural-borncitizen..,shallbeeligibleto

theofficeofthepresident”.Thisisnowbeingchallengedby

aparticularlyirresistibleimmigrant:ArnoldSchwarzenegger.

Barelyayearhaspassedsincetheerstwhilecyborgsweptto

victoryinCalifornia'srecallelection,yetthereisalready

anAmend-for-Arno1dcampaigncollectingsignaturestoletthe

Austrian-borngovernorhaveagoattheWhiteHouse.GeorgeBush

seniorhasweighedinonhisbehalf.Thereareseveral"Arnold

amendments"inCongress:oneallowsforeignerswhohavebeen

naturalizedcitizensfor20yearstobecomepresident.(The

AustrianbecameAmericanin1983.)

Itiseasytodismissthehooplaasanotherregrettableexample

ofloopycelebritypolitics.Mr.Schwarzeneggerhasmadea

decentstartasgovernor,buthebasdonelittle,asyet,to

changethestructureofhisdysfunctionalstate.Indeed,even

ifthelawwerechanged,hecouldwellbeelbowedasideby

anotherincomer,thistimefromCanada:theDemocraticgovernor

ofMichigan,JenniferGranholm,whoappearstohavefewer

skeletonsinherclosetthanthehedonisticactor.

Moreover,changingtheAmericanconstitutionisnododdle.It

hashappenedonly17timessince1791(whenthefirstten

amendmentswerecodifiedasthebillofrights).Tochangethe

constitution,anamendmenthastobeapprovedbytwo-thirdsof

bothhousesofCongress,andthentoberatifiedby

three-quartersofthe50states.TheArnoldamendmentishardly

inthesamecategoryasabolishingslaveryorgivingwomenthe

vote.And,assomewagspointout,Austrianimportshavea

prettydodgyrecordofrunningmilitarysuperpowers.

Theauthorofthetextmakesacontrastin.

A.Paragraph3andParagraph4

B.theopeningparagraph

C.Paragraph1andParagraph2

D.theconcludingparagraph

7、

Thephrase“hasnotruckwith”(Line1,Paragraph2)most

probablymeans.

A.lacksmeansoftransportationfor

B.neverdiscriminate

C.havenovehicleto

D.refusestoconsider

8、

ComparedwithJenniferGranholm,Mr.Schwarzeneggerisat

disadvantagedueto.

A.moreembarrassingsecrets

B.previousactorbackground

C.excessivegarmentdecoration

D.lessslenderfigure

9、

Theword"cyborg”(Line1,Paragraph3)mostprobablyrefers

to.

A.AubgreyHerbert

B.GeorgeBushsenior

C.WilliamofOrange

D.ArnoldSchwarzenegger

10、

Itcanbeinferredfromtheconcludingparagraphthat.

A.theAmericanconstitutionischangeableandfallsintoa

viciouscycle

B.thereisafaintchancethatlegaladjustmentsaremadefor

Arnoldrunning

C.abolishingslaverandgrantingwomenthevotegivenan

impetustoArnoldrunning

D.bothhousesofCongressholdwhetherhedeservestowinis

anothermatter

11、Apairofdice,rolledagainandagain,willeventually

producetwosixes.Similarly,thevirusthatcausesinfluenza

isconstantlychangingatrandomand,oneday,willmutatein

awaythatwillenableittoinfectbillionsofpeople,andto

killmillions.Manyexpertsnowbelieveaglobaloutbreakof

pandemicfluisoverdue,andthatthenextonecouldbeasbad

astheonein1918,whichkilledsomewherebetween25mand50m

people.Todayhowever,advancesinmedicineofferrealhope

thatanothersuchoutbreakcanbecontained—ifgovernments

startpreparingnow.

Newresearchpublishedthisweeksuggeststhatarelatively

smallstockpileofanantiviraldrug—aslittleas3m

doses一couldbeenoughto1imitsharplyaflupandemicifthe

drugsweredeployedquicklytopeopleintheareasurrounding

theinitialoutbreak.Thedrug,smanufacturer,Roche,is

talkingtotheWorldHealthOrganisationaboutdonatingsuch

astockpile.

Thisisgoodnews.Butmuchmoreneedstobedone,especially

withanastystrainofavianfluspreadinginAsiawhichcould

mutateintoathreattohumans.SincetheSARSoutbreakin2022

afewcountrieshavedevelopedplansinpreparationforsimilar

episodes.Butprogresshasbeenshamefullypatchy,andthere

isstillfartoolittleinternationalcoordination.

Aglobalstockpileofdrugsalonewouldnotbemuchusewithout

anadequatesystemofsurveillancetoidentifyearlycasesand

awayofdeliveringtreatmentquickly,Ifanoutbreakoccurred

inaborderregion,forexample,aswiftresponsewouldmost

likelydependonprioragreementsbetweendifferentcountries

aboutquarantineandcontainment.

Reachingsuchagreementsisrarelyeasy,butthatmakesthetask

allthemoreurgent,Richcountriestendtobebetterprepared

thanpoorones,butthisshouldbenoconsolationtothem.Flu

doesnotrespectborders.Itisineveryone*sinteresttomake

surethatdevelopingcountries,especiallyinAsia,arealso

wellprepared.Manymaybridleatinterferencefromoutside.

Butifrichernationswerewillingtodonateanti-viraldrugs

andguaranteeasupplyofanyvaccinethatbecomesavailable,

poorernationsmightbewillingtoreachagreementsover

surveillanceandpreparedness.

Simplysortingoutafewdetailsnowwillhavelives(and

recriminations)later.Willtherebeenoughventilators,makes

anddrugs?Wherewillpeoplebetreatedifthehospitals

overflow?Willfoodbedeliveredasnormal?Toomanycountries

havenoanswerstothesequestions.

Theword'contained”(Line6,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans

A.checked

B.duplicated

C.included

D.forecast

12、

Accordingtothetext,itisupsettingthat.

A.theflu-catchingismorepervasivetheworldover

B.thecauseofinitialoutbreakhasnotbeenidentified

C.globalco-ordinationisyettowelldevelop

D.peoplestillhavenoanswersconcerningsurveillanceand

containment

13、

Thespeedofremedydispatchisofimportanceto.

A.therecoveryoftheinfectedpatient

B.thetreatmentoftheailingsufferer

C.thepreventionofaflupandemic

D.theefficiencyoflargesupplyofdrugs

14、

Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingsisnotreadily-

made.

A.publicationsofnewresearchwithrespecttothesupplyof

theinterferencefromoutside

B.constructionofanadequatesystemofsurveillanceofearly

influenzacases

C.availabilityofanti-viraldrugsandanyvaccinein

underdevelopednations

D.contractsbetweenvariousnationsconcerningquarantine

andcontainment

15、

Thebesttitleforthetextcouldbe.

A.TheWorldMustPrepareforPandemicInfluenza

B.SimilarEpisodesofInitialOutbreakAreAlwaysEvasiveto

Laymen

C.TheGovernmentShouldTakeLeadinthePreventionof

PandemicInfluenza

D.TheWorldHealthOrganizationMustAuthorizetheRelevant

RescueSystemasIsDiscussedintheText

16^Companieshaveembarkedonwhatlookslikethebeginnings

ofare-runofthemergersandacquisitions(MA)wavethat

definedthesecondbubblyhalfofthe1990s.Thatperiod,

readersmightrecall,wascharacterizedbyacollectivesplurge

thatsawthecreationofsomeofthemostindebtedcompanies

inhistory,manyofwhichlaterwentbankruptorwerethemselves

brokenup.Wildbiddingfortelecoms,internetandmediaassets,

nottomentionthemadnessthatwasDaimler，s$40billion

motoringtakeoverin1998—1999ofChryslerorthe

Time-Warner/AOLmega-mergerin2000,helpedtogivemergersa

thoroughlybadname.AconsensusemergedthatMAwasagreat

wayforinvestmentbankstoreaprichfees,andasurewayfor

ambitiousmanagerstobetrayinvestorsbytrashingthevalue

oftheirshares.

NowMAisback.Itsreturnisaglobalphenomenon,butitis

perhapsmoststrikinginEurope,wheresofarthisyearthere

hasbeenastreamofdealsworthmorethan$600billionintotal,

around40%higherthaninthesameperiodof2022.Thelatest

effortcamethisweekwhenFrance'sSaint-Gobain,a

building-materialsfirm,unveiledthedetailsofits£3.6

billion($6.5billion)hostilebidforBPB,aBritishrival.

Inthefirsthalfoftheyear,cross-borderactivitywasup

threefoldoverthesameperiodlastyear.EvenFranceTelecom,

whichwasleftalmostbankruptattheendofthelastmerger

wave,recentlyboughtAmena,aSpanishmobileoperator.

Shareholder'sapprovalofallthesedealsraisesaninteresting

questionforcompanieseverywhere,areinvestorsrighttothink

thatthesemergersaremorelikelytosucceedthanearlierones?

Therearetwoanswers.Thefirstisthatpastmergersmayhave

beenjudgedtooharshly.Thesecondisthatthepresentrash

ofEuropeandealsdoeslookmorerational,but一andthecaveat

iscrucial一onlysofar.Thepatternmaynothold.

MA'spoorreputationstemsnotonlyfromthestringof

spectacularfailuresinthe1990s,butalsofromstudiesthat

showedvaluedestructionforacquiringshareholdersin80%of

deals.Butmorerecentstudiesbyeconomistshaveintroduced

anoteofcaution.Investorsshouldlookatthenumberofdeals

thatsucceedorfail(typicallymeasuredbytheimpactonthe

shareprice),ratherthan(asyoumightthink)weighingthem

bysize.Forexample,noonedoubtsthattheDaimler-Chrysler

mergerdestroyedvalue.Thecombinedmarketvalueofthetwo

firmsisstillbelowthatofDaimleralonebeforethedeal.This

singledealaccountedforhalfofallGermanMAactivityby

valuein1998and1999,andprobablydominatedpeople's

thinkingaboutmergerstothesamedegree.Throwinafewother

suchmonstersanditisnowonderthatbroadstudieshavetended

tofindthatmergersareabadidea.Thetruepictureismore

complicated.

Accordingtothetext,acollectiveopiniononthemergersand

acquisitionsalsoconcentrateson.

A.economicrecession

B.valuedestruction

C.potentialhazards

D.assetproposition

17、

Thepatterninthethirdparagraphmostprobablydenotes,

A.thestrikingnecessityofEuropeancaveat

B.thecomplicateddocumentscombinedmarkets

C.theglobalphenomenonofthecrazeofwildbiddingformedia

assets

D.theseemingrationalityofthelatestcycleofEuropean

mergers

18、

ThecaseofDaimler-Chryslerisemployedinthetextas.

A.anillustrationofanevaluationcriterion

B.anexplanationofaspectacularfailure

C.adiscussionofamobileoperator

D.aguaranteeofaharshjudgement

19、

Theconclusionreachedbygeneralresearchesisthatmergers

arenot.

A.avaluabledemonstration

B.awiseplan

C.aninvisiblepitfall

D.aworstdepravity

20、

Accordingtothetext,theauthorwouldagreethat.

A.MA'spoorreputationdeservesathoroughanalysisby

telecomsandinternet

B.thetypicalnoteofcautionisalwaysoverlookedinterms

ofcontroversialdebate

C.thelatestcycleofEuropeanmergerswillnotproduce

betterresults

D.theunveilingofhostilebidinEuropewillhelprelieve

enterprisesoftheirfinancialdilemma

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、

B、C、D、E>F、G...)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe

gaps.(10points)

AmongthecelebratedpantheonofHollywoodroyalty,feware

aswell-respectedanduniversallyadoredasGregoryPeck.For

morethanfiftyyears,hehasbeenamajorpresenceinthe

theater,ontelevision,andmostimportantly,onthebigscreen.

(41).AsGeneralMacArthur,Melville(sCaptainAhab,and

AtticusFinch,hehaspresentedaudienceswithcompelling

storiesofstrengthandmasculinity.

EldredGregoryPeckwasbornonApril5,1916inLaJolla,

California.Bythetimehewassix,hisparentshaddivorced.

Foranumberofyearshelivedwithhismaternalgrandmother,

butattheageoftenwas'senttoSt.John，sMilitaryAcademy

inLosAngeles.Thefouryearshespenttherewereimportant

informinghissenseofpersonaldiscipline.AftertheAcademy,

hereturnedto1ivewithhisfather,alocalpharmacist,and

toattendpublichighschool.

(42).There,hisabilitieswerealmostimmediately

recognized.In1942,PeckmadehisdebutonBroadwaywithThe

MorningStar.Thoughmanyofhisearlyplaysweredoomedto

shortruns,itseemedclearthatPeckwasdestinedforsomething

bigger.In1944that''somethingbigger“arrivedintheform,

ofhisfirsttwoHollywoodroles,asVladimirinDaysofGlory

andFatherFrancisChisholminTheKeysoftheKingdom.

(43).Thisearlysuccessprovidedhimtherare

opportunityofworkingwiththebestdirectorsinHollywood.

OverthenextthreeyearsheappearedinAlfredHitchcock，s

Spellbound(1945),KingVidor,sDuelintheSun(1946),andEtia

Kazan，sGentleman,sAgreement(1947).Despiteconcernsover

publicacceptanceofthelastone,ameditationonAmerican

anti-Semitism,itsurprisedmanybywinninganOscarforBest

PictureandanominationforBestActor.Thissuccessseemed

notonlyavalidationofPeck'sabilitiesasanartistbutof

hismoralconvictionsaswell.

(44).Toughandcaring,hewasthequintessential

mid-centuryAmericanman一thegood-lookingromanticlead

acrossfromAudreyHepburnaswellastheruggedWorldWarII

bombercommander.Formany,theactorandthecharactershe

portrayedwereinseparable;theauthorityofhispassionateyet

firmdemeanorwasattractivetopost-warAmericanswholonged

foramorestabletime.

(45).

WhilecontinuingtoactontelevisionandinHollywood

throughoutthe19805and19905,Peckhasfocusedmuchofhis

energyonspendingtimewithhiswife,chiIdren,and

grandchildren.ForPeck,lifeasafatherandasapublicfigure

havebeeninseparable;hewassimultaneouslyamajorvoice

againsttheVietnamwar,whileremainingapatrioticsupporter

ofhissonwhowasfightingthere.Ifyearsofbreathinglife

intocharacterssuchasCaptainKeithMalloryandGeneral

MacArthurtaughthimanything,itwasthatlifeduringwartime

wasprofoundlycomplex;andrarelybastherebeenatimefree

fromwarorstruggle.Inhismorethanfiftyfilms,Peckhas

continuallyattemptedtoinvestigatethesecomplexstruggles,

andindoingsohascreatedalibraryofstoriesthatshedlight

onhumanpossibilityandsocialreality.

A.Thoughanamiableandfun-lovingmanathome,Peck'sstern

presencemadehimoneofthescreen'sgreatpatriarchs.

B.Formany,PeckisasymboloftheAmericanmanathisbest一a

pillarofmoralcourageandaconstantdefenderoftraditional

values.

C.Duringthe19605and19705,Peckcontinuedtochallenge

himselfasanactor,appearinginthrillers,warfilms,

westernsandinhisbestknownfilm,ToKillAMockingbird

(1962).BasedonthebookbyHarperLee,ToKillAMockingbird

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Ahundredyearsagoitwasassumedandscientifically“proved”

byeconomiststhatthelawsofsocietymadeitnecessarytohave

avastarmyofpoorandjoblesspeopleinordertokeepthe

economygoing.Today,hardlyanybodywoulddaretovoicethis

principle.Itisgenerallyacceptedthatnobodyshouldbe

excludedfromthewealthofthenation,eitherbythelawsof

natureorbythoseofsociety.(46)Theopinions,whichwere