职称英语理工类a级模拟23

职称英语理工类A级模拟23

第1部分：词汇选项

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接

近的选项

1>Shewasapuzzle.

A.girlB.womanC.problemD.

mystery

2、Herspecialtyisheartsurgery.

A.regionB.siteC.fieldD.

platform

3、FrancehaskeptintimatelinkswithitsformerAfricanterritories.

A.friendlyB.privateC.strongD.

secret

4、YoushouldhaveMendedthebutterwiththesugarthoroughly.

A.spreadB.mixedC.beatenD.

covered

5、TheindustrialrevolutionmodifiedthewholestructureofEnglishsociety.

A.destroyedB.brokeC.smashedD.

changed

6、Ticketsarelimitedandwillbeallocatedtothosewhoapplyfirst.

A.postedB.sentC.givenD.

handed

7、Thechangeinthatvillagewasmiraculous.

A.conservativeB.amazingC.insignificantD.

unforgettable

8、Customersoftendeferpaymentforaslongaspossible.

A,makeB.demandC.postponeD.

obtain

9、Canadawillprohibitsmokinginallofficeslaterthisyear.

A.banB.removeC.eliminateD.

expel

10>Shereadapoemwhichdepictsthesplendorofthesunset.

A.declaresB.assertsC.describesD.

announces

11>Frommystandpointfthisthingisjustridiculous.

A.fieldB.pointofviewC.knowledgeD.

information

12>Thelatestcensusisencouraging.

A.statementB.assessmentC.evaluationD.

count

13、Thecuriouslooksfromthestrangersaroundhermadeherfeeluneasy.

A.differentB.proudC.uncomfortableD.

unconscious

14、Readingthejobad,hewonderedwhetherhewaseligibletoapplyforit.

A.ableB.fortunateC.qualifiedD.

competent

15>Hewaselevatedtothepostofprimeminister.

A.pulledB.promotedC.liftedD.

treated

第2部分：阅读判断

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提的

是正确信息，请选择A：如果该句提的是错误信息，请选择B：如果该句的信息文中没

有提及，请选择C。

PlantsandMankind

Botany,thestudyofplants,occupiesapeculiarpositioninthehistory

ofhumanknowledge.Wedon'tknowwhatourStoneAgeancestors（祖先）knew

aboutplantszbutfromwhatwecanobserveofpreindustrialsocietiesthat

stillexistzadetailedlearningofplantsandtheirpropertiesmustbeextremely

ancient.Theyhavealwaysbeenenormously（巨大土也）importanttothewelfare

ofpeople,notonlyforfood,butalsoforclothing,weapons,tools,dyes,

Medicineszshelter,andmanyotherpurposes.Tribeslivingtodayinthejungle

oftheAmazon（亚马逊河）recognizehundredsofplantsandknowmanyproperties

ofeach.Tothembotanyhasnonameandisprobablynotevenrecognizedas

aspecialbranchof"knowledge"atall.

Unfortunately,themoreindustrializedwebecomethefartherawaywemove

fromdirectcontactwithplants.Andthelessdistinctourknowledgeofbotany

grows.Yeteveryonecomesunconsciouslyonanamazingamountofbotanical

knowledge,andfewpeoplewillfailtorecognizearose,anapple,oranorchid

（淡紫色的）.WhenourNeolithic（新石若君时4弋）ancestorszlivingintheMiddleEast

about10,000yearsago,discoveredthatcertaingrassescouldbeharvested

andtheirseedsplantedforricheryieldsthenextseason,thefirstgreat

stepinanewassociationofplantsandhumanswastaken.Grainswerediscovered

andfromthemflowedthemarvelofagriculture：cultivatedcrops.Fromthen

on；humanswouldincreasinglytaketheirlivingfromthecontrolledproduction

ofafewplants,ratherthangettingalittlehereandalittletherefrom

manyvarietiesthatgrewwildandtheaccumulatedknowledgeoftensofthousands

ofyearsofexperienceandintimacywithplantsinthewildwouldbeginto

fadeaway.

16>Itislogicalthatadetailedlearningofplantsandtheirproperties

mustbeextremelyancient.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>Peoplecannotsurvivewithoutplants.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、TribeslivingtodayinthejungleoftheAmazonteachbotanytotheir

childrenatschool.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19>Ourdirectcontactwithplantsgrowswiththeprocessofindustrialization.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20>Todaypeopleusuallyacquirealargeamountofbotanicalknowledgefrom

textbooks.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21>PeoplelivingintheMiddleEastfirstlearnedtogrowplantsforfood

about10,000yearsago.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Oncemankindbeganfarming,theynolongerhadtogetfoodfrommanyvarieties

thatgrewwild.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第3〜6段每段

选择1个最佳标题：（2）第27〜30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选

项。

Ford

1.Ford'sgreatstrengthwasthemanufacturingprocess-notinvention.Long

beforehestartedacarcompany,hewasaworker,knownforpickinguppiecesof

metalandwireandturningthemintomachines.Hestartedputtingcarstogetherin

1891,althoughitwasbynomeansthefirstpopularautomobile,theModelTshowed

theworldjusthowcreativeFordwasatcombiningtechnologyandmarket.

2.Thecompany'sassemblylinealonethrewAmerica'sIndustrialRevolutioninto

overdrive（高速运转）.Insteadofhavingworkersputtogethertheentirecar,Ford's

friends,whoweregreattoolmakersfromScotland,organizedteamsthataddedpartsto

eachModelTasitmoveddownaline.BythetimeFord'sHighlandParkplantwas

humming（嗡嗡作响）alongin1914,theworld'sfirstautomaticconveyorbeltcould

turnoutacarevery93minutes.

3.ThesameyearHenryFordshockedtheworldwiththe$5-adayminimum

wagescheme.Thegreatestcontributionhehadevermade.Theaveragewageinthe

autoindustrythenwas$2.34fora9-hourshift.Fordnotonlydoubledthathealsotook

anhourofftheworkday.Inthoseyearsitwasunthinkablethatamancouldbepaid

thatmuchfordoingsomethingthatdidn'tinvolveanawfullotoftrainingoreducation.

TheWallStreetJournalcalledtheplan"aneconomiccrime".Andcriticseverywhere

laughedatFord.

4.Butasthewageincreasedlatertodaily$10,itprovedacriticalcomponentof

Ford'sdreamtomaketheautomobileaccessible（可及的）toall.Thecriticsweretoo

stupidtounderstandthatbecauseFordhadloweredhiscostspercar,thehigherwages

didn'tmatter—exceptformakingitpossibleformorePeopletobuycars.

A.Ford*sFollowers

B.TheAssemblyLine

C.Ford1sGreatDream

D・TheEstablishmentoftheCompany

E.Ford1sBiggestContribution

F.Ford*sGreatTalent

23、Paragraph1

24、Paragraph2

25、Paragraph3

26、Paragraph4

A.criticizedbythemedia

B.thelowwageintheautoindustry

C,ownacar

D.producecarsinlargenumbers

E.the8-hour-shiftpractice

F.combinedtechnologyandmarket

27、Theassemblylinemadeitpossibleto.

28、Fordwasthefirsttoadopt.

29、Higherwagesenabledmanypeopleto.

30>Ford'shigher-wageandlower-coststrategywasstrongly

第4部分：阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

TheGeneIndustry

Majorcompaniesarealreadyinpursuitofcommercialapplicationsofthe

newbiology.Theydreamofplacingenzymes（酶）intheautomobiletomonitor

exhaustandsenddataonpollutiontoamicroprocessor（微处理器）thatwill

thenadjusttheengine.TheyspeakofwhattheNewYorkTimescallsmetal--hungry

microbesthatmightbeusedtominevaluabletracemetalsfromoceanwater.

Theyhavealreadydemandedandwontherighttopatentnewlifeforms.

Nervouscritics,includingmanyscientists,worrythatthereiscorporate,

national,internationalzandinter-scientificrivalryintheentire

biotechnological（生物科技的）field.Theycreateimagesnotofoilspillszbut

ofmicrobespillsthatcouldspreaddiseaseanddestroyentirepopulations.

Thecreationandaccidentalreleaseofextremelypoisonousmicrobes,however,

isonlyonecauseforalarm.Completelyrationalandrespectablescientists

aretalkingaboutpossibilitiesthatstagger（使震惊）theimagination.

Shouldwebreedpeoplewithcowlikestomachssotheycandigestgrassand

hay,therebyrelievingthefoodproblembymodifyingustoeatlowerdown

onthefoodchain?Shouldwebiologicallyalterworkerstofitthejobrequirementz

forexample,creatingpilotswithfasterreactiontimesorassembly-lineworkers

designedtodoourmonotonousworkforus?Shouldweattempttoeliminate

inferiorpeopleandbreedasuper-race?（Hitlertriedthiszbutwithoutthe

geneticweaponrythatmaysoonissuefromourlaboratories.）Shouldweproduce

soldierstodoourfighting?Shouldweusegenetic（遗传的）forecastingto

pre-eliminate（除去）unfit（不合适的）babies?Shouldwegrowreserveorgans

forourselves,eachofushaving,asitwere,a"savingsbanknfullofspare

kidney,livers,orhands?

Wildasthsesnotionsmaysound,everyonehasitsadvocates（andopposers）

inthescientificcommunityaswellasitsstrikingcommercialapplication.

Astwocriticsofgeneticengineering,JeremyRifkinandTedHoward,state

intheirbookWhoShouldPlayGod?"Broadscalegeneticengineeringwillprobably

beintroducedtoAmericamuchthesamewaysaassemblylineszautomobiles,

vaccines,computersandalltheothertechnologies.Aseachnewgeneticadvance

boomescommerciallypractical,anewconsumerneedwillbeexploitdeanda

marketforthenewtechnologywillbecreated.n

31、Accordingtothepassage,thenewbiologycouldpotentiallysolvethe

pollutionproblemofautomobilesby

A.usingmetal-hungrymicrobes.

B.makinguseofenzymes.

C.adjustingtheengines.

D.patentingnewlifeforms.

32、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablyworry

thecriticsofthefollowingwouldmostprobablyworrythecriticsofthe

newbiology?

A.Themicrobesintheoceanwarter.

B.Thecreationandapplicationofbiologicalsolarcells.

C.Theaccidentaloilspills.

D.Theunexpectedreleaseofdestructivemicrbes.

33、Whichofthefollowingpossibilitiesofthebiotechnologicalapplications

isNOTmentionedinthethirdparagraph?

A.Developingasavingsbankofone*sorangs.

B.Breedingsoldiersforawar.

C.Producingpeoplewithcow-likestomachs.

D.Usinggeneticforecastingtocurtdiseases.

34、Accordingtothepassage,Hitlerhadattemptedto

A.biologicallychangethepilotstowinthewar.

B.developgeneticfarmingforincreasingthefoodsupply.

C.killthepeoplehethoughtofasbeinginferior.

D.encouragethedevelopmentofgeneticweaponsforthewar.

35、WhatistheimplicationofthesratementofJeremyRifkinandTedHoward?

A.Thecommercialapplicationsofgeneticengineeringareinevitable.

B.Large-scalegeneticengineeringhasoccurredintheUntiedStates.

C.Americansareproudoftheircomputers,automobilesandgenetic

technologies.

D.Thepotentialapplicationofeachnewgeneticadvanceshouldbe

controlled.

弟一^扁

MaleandFemalePilotsCauseAccidentsDifferently

Malepilotsflyinggeneralaviation（private）aircraftintheUnitedStates

aremorelikelytocrashduetoinattentionorflaweddecisionmaking.While

femalepilotsaremorelikelytocrashfrommishandling（错误地处理）theaircraft

（航行器）.ThesearetheresultsofastudybyresearchersattheJohnsHopkins

UniversityBloombergSchoolofPublicHealth.

Thestudyidentifiesthedifferencesbetweenmaleandfemalepilotsin

termsofcircumstancesofthecrashandthetypeofpilotserrorinvolved.

"Crashesofgeneralaviationaircraftaccountfor85percentofallaviation

deaths"intheUnitedStates.Thecrashrateformalepilotsasformotor

vehicledrivers,exceedsthatofcrashesoffemalepilots,"explainsSusan

P.Baker,MPH,professorofhealthpolicyandmanagementattheBloomberg

SchoolofPublicHealth."Becausepilotyouthandinexperienceareestablished

contributorstoaviationcrashes,wefocusedononlymaturepilots,todetermine

thegenderdifferencesinthereasonsforthecrash.

Theresearchersextracteddataforthisstudyfromalargeresearchproject

onpilotagingandflightsafety.Thedataweregatheredfromgeneralaviation

（航行）crashesofairplanesandhelicoptersbetween1983and1997,involving

144femalepilotsand267malepilotsaged40--63.Femalepilotswerematched

withmalepilotsina1：2ratio,byage,classesofmedicalandpilotcertificates,

stateorareaofcrash,andyearofcrash.Thenthecircumstancesofthecrashes

andthepiloterrorinvolvedwerecategorizedandcodedwithoutknowledge

ofpilotgender.

Theresearchersfoundthatlossofcontrolonlandingortakeoffwasthe

mostcommoncircumstanceforbothsexes,leadingto59percentoffemalepilots1

crashesand36percentofmales1.Experiencingmechanicalfailure,running

outoffuel（燃料）,andlandingtheplanewiththelandinggearupwereamong

thefactorsmorelikelywithmales,whilestallingwasmorelikelywithfemales.

Themajorityofthecrashes--95percentforfemalesand88percentfor

males--involvedatleastonetypeofpiloterror.Mishandlingaircraftkinetics

wasthemostcommonerrorforbothsexeszbutwasmorecommonamongfemales

（accountingfor81percentofthecrashes）thanmales（accountingfor48percent）.

Males,however,appearedmorelikelytobeguiltyofpoordecision-making,

risk-taking,andinattentiveness,examplesofwhichincludemisjudgingweather

andvisibilityorflyinganaircraftwithaknowndefect（过失）.Females,though

morelikelytomishandleorlosecontroloftheaircraftzweregenerallymore

carefulthantheirmalecounterparts.

36、WhatistheresearchatJohnsHopkinsUniversityabout?

A.Causesofaircraftcrash.

B.Genderdifferenceinrelationtotypesofaircraftcrashes.

C.Causesofmishandlingaircraft.

D・GenderdiscriminationingeneralaviationintheUnitedStates.

37、WhichofthestatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothesecondparagraph?

A.Crashesofgeneralaviationaircraftareamajorsourceofaviation

accidentsintheUnitedStates.

B.Malepilotszlikemalevehicledriverszaremorelikelytohaveaccidents

thanfemalepilots.

C.Itiscommonlyknownthataircraftcrashesaremostlycausedbyyoung

andinexperiencedpilots.

D.Onlymaturepilotsarestudiedtodeterminethegenderdifferencesin

thereasonsforaircraftcrash.

38、Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheirstudy?

A.Theystudiedthefindingsofseveralpreviousresearchprojects.

B.Theyconducedaquestionnairewith411pilots.

C.TheycollecteddatafromthedatabaseattheJohnsHopkinsUniversity

D.Theyanalyzedthecircumstancesofthecrashesinvolved.

39、Whatisthemostcommoncircumstanceofcrashwithfemalepilots?

A.Mechanicalfailureandrunningoutoffuel.

B.Lossofcontrolonlandingortakeoffandstalling.

C.Lossofcontrolonlandingortakeoffandrunningoutoffuel.

D.Stallingandlandingwiththegearup.

40、Inthecomparisonoffemaleandmalepilots,

A.femalepilotsarefoundtobemorecourageousandrisk--taking.

B.malepilotsarefoundtobemoreprofessionalandattentive.

C.femalepilotsarefoundtomakemoreerrorsoutofcarelessness.

D.malepilotsarefoundtomakemoreerrorsindecision--making.

CanBuildingsBeDesignedtoResistTerroristAttack

IntheaftermathoftheterroristattackontheWorldTradeCenter,structural

engineersaretryinghardtosolveaquestionthatamonthagowouldhave

beencompletelyunthinkable..Canbuildingbedesignedtowithstand

catastrophic（灾难的）blastsinflictedbyterrorists?

Tendaysaftertheterroristattacksonthetwintowers,structuralengineers

fromtheUniversityatBuffalo（布法罗）andtheMultidisciplinaryCenterfor

EarthquakeEngineeringResearch（MCEER）headquartered（总部）atUBtraveled

togroundzeroaspartofaprojectfundedbytheNationalScienceFoundation.

VisitingthesiteaspartofanMCEERreconnaissancevisit.Theyspenttwo

daysbeginningthetaskofformulatingideasabouthowtodesignsuchstructures

andtosearchforcluesonhowtodosoinbuildingsthatweredamaged,but

stillarestanding.

H0urobjectiveinvisitinggroundzerowastogoandlookatthebuildings

surroundingtheWorldTradeCenter,thosebuildingsthatarestillstanding,but

thatsustaineddamage,"saidMr.Bruneau,Ph.D."Ourimmediatehopeisthat

wecandevelopabetterunderstandingastowhythosebuildingsremain

standing,whileourlong-termgoalistoseewhetherearthquakeengineering

technologiescanbemarriedtoexistingtechnologiestoachieveenhanced

performanceofbuildingsintheeventofterroristattacks."headded.

Photographstakenbytheinvestigatorsdemonstrateinstartlingdetail

themonumentaldamageinflictedontheWorldTradeCentertowersandbuildings

inthevicinity.Onebuildingablockawayfromthetowersremainsstanding,

butwasbadlydamaged.11ThisbuildingismanymetersawayfromtheWorldTrade

Centerandyetweseeacolumntherethatusedtobepartofmatbuilding.

nexplainedA.Whittaker,Ph.D."Thecolumnbecameamissilethatshotacross

theroad,throughthewindowandthroughthefloor.

Thevisittotheareaalsorevealedsomesurprises,accordingtotheengineers.

Forexample,thefloorframingsysteminoneoftheadjacentbuildingswas

quiterugged（高低不平的）,allowingfloorsthatwerepiercedbytonsoffalling

debristoremainintact."Highlyredundantductileframingsystemsmayprovide

asimple,butrobuststrategyforblastresistance,"headded.Otherstrategies

mayincludeprovidingalternate（交替）pathsforgravityloadsintheevent

thataload-bearingcolumnfails."Wealsoneedabetterunderstandingof

themechanismofcollapse."saidA.Whittaker.nWeneedtofindoutwhat

causesabuildingtocollapseandhowyoucanpredictit.”

A.Reinhorn,Ph.D.notedthat"earthquakeshakinghasledtothecollapse

ofmanybuildingsinthepast.Itinduceszdynamicresponseandextremely

highstressesanddeformationsinstructuralcomponents（成分）.Solutions

developedforearthquake-resistantdesignmaybedirectlyapplicabletoblast

engineeringandterrorist-resistantdesign.PartofourmissionnowatUB

istotransferthesesolutionsandtodevelopnewoneswherenoneexistat

present.n

41、Thequestionraisedinthefirstparagraphisone

A.thatwasaskedbystructuralengineersamonthago.

B.thatistoodifficultforstructuralengineerstoanswerevennow.

C.thatwasneverthoughtofbeforetheterroristattack.

D.thatterroristsareeagertofindasolutionto.

42、TheprojectfundedbytheNationalScienceFoundation

A.wasfirstproposedbysomeengineersatUB.

B.tookabouttwodaystocomplete.

C.wastoinvestigatethedamagecausedbytheterroristattack.

D.wastofindoutwhysomebuildingscouldsurvivetheblasts.

43、ThecolumnmentionedbyDr.Whittaker

A.waspartofthebuildingclosetotheWorldTradeCenter.

B.waspartoftheWorldTradeCenter.

C.wasshotthroughthewindowandtheflooroftheWorldTradeCenter.

D.damagedmanybuildingsinthevicinityoftheWorldTradeCenter.

44、Asurprisingdiscoverymadebytheinvestigatorsduringtheirvisitto

groundzeroisthat

A.floorsintheadjacentbuildingsremainundamaged.

B.somefloorframingsystemsdemonstrateresistancetoexplosion.

C.simplefloorframingsystemsaremoreblastresistant.

D.floorsinoneoftheadjacentbuildingswerepiercedbytonsofdebris.

45、WhatDr.Reinhornsaidinthelastparagraphmayimplyallthefollowing

EXCEPTthat

A.blastengineers