高考英语大一轮复习 单元检测卷29 Unit 4 Global warming 试题

Unit4GlobalwarmingⅠ.阅读理解ATheymaybetiny,andliveforjustthreemonths,butantscouldbethekeytosolvingclimatechange.Roughharvesterantshavebeenfoundto“weather”mineralsinsandtoproducecalciumcarbonate,alsoknownaslimestone(石灰岩)．Whentheantsmakethislimestone,theprocesstrapscarbondioxideintherock,ultimatelyremovingitfromtheatmosphere.Itisuncertainhowthemineralsarechanged,however,andtheoriesvaryalotfromantslickingthesandtoexcreting(排泄)thesubstance.ProfessorDornburiedsandatsixsitesintheCatalinaMountainsinArizona,andPoloDuroCanyoninTexas,25yearsago.Everyfiveyears,hemeasuredthemineralsinthesand,anddiscoveredtheantsbrokedownmineralsupto300timesfasterthansandleftundisturbed.ProfessorDornbelievestheantscollectcalciumandmagnesium(镁)andusetheseelementstomakethelimestone.Thismayoccurwhenantslicksandgrainstostickthemtothewallsoftheirnests.Alternatively,thelimestonecouldbecreatedfrombacteriaintheinsectsgutbeforeitisexcreted.Thisprocessissimilartowhat'sknownascarbonsequestration(隔离)．NaturalcarbonsequestrationistheprocessonEarththatmanagesthecarbondioxideexpelledbyanimalsandhumans.Treesandtheoceanshelptrapthiscarbondioxide.Anothermethodisgeologicalsequestrationwherethecarbondioxideispumpedintoundergroundchamber,orintoareasfullofcalciumandmagnesium.Carbondioxidereactswiththeseelementstoformlimestone.ItisthislattermethodthatDornbelievestheantsperformnaturally.ButProfessorDornclaimsitisstillunknownhowmuchatmosphericcarbonisremovedbytheants.语篇导读本文为说明文。多恩教授认为，蚂蚁也许是应对气候变化的关键因素。他通过实验证明蚂蚁能够吸收空气中的二氧化碳，但是具体能吸收多少至今尚未确定。1．Thefifthparagraphismainlyabout________.A．howantsbreakdownlimestoneB．howantschangemineralsintolimestoneC．howantsdecoratetheirnestswithsandD．howantsusesandtokillbacteria解析B主旨大意题。本段大意：多恩教授认为蚂蚁舔沙砾把它们粘在巢穴的墙上时，可能会收集钙和镁制造石灰岩。或者，石灰岩可以从蚂蚁的肠道细菌中产生，再排泄出来。这都是关于蚂蚁如何制造或产生石灰岩的，故选B项。2．Whatisthepossiblemeaningoftheunderlinedword“expelled”？A．Sentout. B．Takenin.C．Brokenup. D．Givenaway.解析A词义猜测题。本句句意：地球上自然碳汇是处理动物和人类expelled的二氧化碳的过程。根据常识可知，动物和人类排放二氧化碳。sendout放出；takein吸收；breakup打碎，结束；giveaway泄露(消息、秘密等)，故选A项。3．AccordingtoDorn,scientistsstilldon'tknow________.A．theeffectofCO2onants'survivalB．themethodofants'removingCO2C．theamountofCO2removedbyantsD．thetimewhenantsabsorbCO2解析C细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，多恩教授目前尚不清楚蚂蚁吸收了多少大气中的碳，故选C项。4．Themainideaofthepassageisthat________.A．antsbuildtheirneststokeepCO2outB．antsuselimestonetoabsorbagreatdealofCO2C．antsarepioneersinsolvingglobalwarmingD．antsmayremoveCO2fromatmosphere解析D主旨大意题。第一段说．..butantscouldbethekeytosolvingclimatechange，后面介绍了多恩教授的实验，最后多恩教授称目前尚不清楚蚂蚁吸收了多少大气中的碳。因此全文主要讲蚂蚁可能会吸收大气中的二氧化碳并介绍相关实验，故选D项。BDuringaresearchexperimentamarine(海洋)biologistplacedasharkintoalargeholdingtankandthenreleasedseveralsmallfishintothetank.5.________Themarinebiologisttheninsertedastrongpieceofclearfiberglass(纤维玻璃)intothetank,creatingtwoseparateparts.Shethenputthesharkononesideofthefiberglassandanewsetofsmallfishontheother.Again,thesharkquicklyattacked.Thistime,however,thesharkhitthefiberglassdividerandbouncedoff.6.________Meanwhile,thesmallfishswamaroundunharmedinthesecondpart.Eventually,aboutanhourintotheexperiment,thesharkgaveup.Thisexperimentwasrepeatedseveraldozentimesoverthenextfewweeks.7.________Eventuallythesharkgottiredofhittingthefiberglassdividerandsimplystoppedattackingaltogether.Themarinebiologistthenremovedthefiberglassdivider,butthesharkdidn'tattack.8.________So,theyswamwherevertheywished,freefromharm.Likethesharkinthestory,manyofus,afterexperiencingsetbacksandfailures,emotionallygiveupandstoptrying.9.________Inotherwords,wecontinuetoseeabarrierinourheads,evenwhenno“real”barrierexistsbetweenwhereweareandwherewewanttogo.A．Atthesametime,thesharktriedagainandagain.B．Webelievethatbecausewewereunsuccessfulinthepast,wewillalwaysbeunsuccessful.C．Thesharkwastrainedtobelieveabarrierexistedbetweenitandthesmallfish.D．Itkeptrepeatingthisbehavioreveryfewminutesfruitlessly.E．Weshouldkeepontryingevenifwemeetobstacles.F．Eachtime,thesharkgotlessaggressiveandmadefewerattemptstoattackthesmallfish.G．Asyouwouldexpect,thesharkquicklyswamaroundthetank,attackedandatethesmallerfish.语篇导读本文为议论文。大鱼吃小鱼是自然法则，也是鲨鱼的生存法则。然而，当鲨鱼与小鱼之间多了一块透明纤维玻璃后，鲨鱼又会做出怎样的举动呢？5．解析G顺承关系。上句讲到：在一项实验中，海洋生物学家将鲨鱼放入一个大型水槽，并在水槽中放入了几条小鱼。承接上句，空处应讲到放进小鱼的后果，即G项：正如你所想的，鲨鱼迅速在水槽中游动，袭击并吃掉小鱼，故选G项。6．解析D顺承关系。本段共分为三个部分，第一部分讲到鲨鱼像上次一样进攻小鱼但被纤维玻璃弹开，第三部分讲到结果是鲨鱼放弃了吃小鱼，因此中间的一部分是承上启下，讲述鲨鱼一遍遍尝试的过程，故A、D两项符合题意，然而A项中的atthesametime与下文中的meanwhile重复，故选D项。7．解析F递进关系。上句讲到这项实验在接下来的几个星期里重复了好几十次。下句交代了实验结果：鲨鱼最终疲于撞击纤维玻璃挡板，因此停止了攻击行为。在此之前，实验中所显现的过程如F项：每一次实验，鲨鱼的攻击性越来越弱，袭击小鱼的尝试越来越少，这与最终的结果构成递进关系，故选F项。8．解析C诠释关系。上句讲到：海洋生物学家取出了纤维玻璃挡板，但鲨鱼还是没有攻击(小鱼)。空处则对鲨鱼这一举动作出解释，即C项：鲨鱼已经被训练得去相信挡板依然存在于它和小鱼之间，故选C项。9．解析B顺承关系。上句讲到，与故事中的鲨鱼一样，我们许多人在经历挫折和失败后，就总想放弃并且不再尝试。B项(因为过去有失败的经历，因此我们就认为自己总是会失败)，承接上文并与下文表达同义，故选B项。Ⅱ.完形填空Jaguar(美洲虎)isanendangeredanimal.Itissaidthattherearelessthan20intheworld__1__，oneofwhichisnowlivinginthenationalzooofPeru.Inorderto__2__thisjaguar,Peruvians__3__apitchoflandinthezooforit,wherethereareflocksofanimalsforittoeat.Anyonewhohasvisitedthezoopraisedittobethe“HeavenofTiger”.However,noonehaseverseenthejaguarhunttheanimals.__4__peoplecouldseeisitslyinginhouseeatingandsleeping.Somepeoplethoughtthejaguarfelttoolonelysotheyrentedafemaletigerto__5__it.Nonetheless,itdidnotmakemuch__6__.Thejaguarjustsometimeswentoutofitshousewithits“girlfriend”andstayedinthesunforawhile.“Itis__7__forthejaguartobelazyinthisenvironment.Tigeristhekingofforestbutyousimplyputsomesmall__8__aroundit.Thatiswhyitshowsno__9__ingoingout.Whydon'tyouputtwowolvesaroundit？”avisitorproposed.Others__10__himandputfivepanthers(黑豹)intoits__11__.Sincethen,thejaguardidn'tgobacktoitshouseanymore.Iteitherstoodontopofthehillroaringor__12__fromthehillstrollingwithoutsleepingallday,totallygotbacktoits__13__.Inourworld,__14__creaturewithoutanyrivalsislifeless.Ifamanliveswithout__15__，heisboundtobesatisfied__16__thepresentandwillnotstriveforthebetter.__17__environmenttendsto__18__successfulpeople.Therefore,yourrivalsarenotyouropponents,butyourgood__19__！Inourlives,weneedsomerivalstobeparticularaboutusandsuperviseuswith__20__requirementsandstandards.Duetoourrivals,wecanbringoutourpotentialtothebest!语篇导读本文为夹叙夹议文，通过讲述美洲虎在动物园生活的情况来告诉我们：人生应该拥有对手。1．A．accurately B．possiblyC．currently D．clearly解析C此处表示目前美洲虎在世界上现存不到20只。currently目前，当前，故选C项。2．A.find B．protectC．hunt D．murder解析B上文讲到美洲虎现存不足20只，下文讲到秘鲁人把美洲虎饲养在动物园，因此此处应是为了保护它，故选B项。3．A.singledout B．lookedoutC．tookout D．cameout解析A秘鲁人在动物园中单独挑出一块地饲养这只美洲虎。singleout挑选出；lookout注意；takeout拿出；comeout出版，故选A项。4．A.Which B．WhoC．When D．What解析D人们所看到的是美洲虎躺在虎穴中吃饭和睡觉。此处为主语从句，see后面缺少宾语，故用What引导主语从句。5．A.destroy B．fightC．accompany D．hug解析C上文提到一些人认为美洲虎很孤单，此处应是指他们租来一只雌虎陪伴(accompany)美洲虎，故选C项。6．A.difference B．useC．advice D．progress解析Amakemuchdifference有很大影响，产生很大作用，符合句意，故选A项。7．A.particular B．usefulC．likely D．normal解析D根据下文内容可知，此处指美洲虎在这种环境中变懒是很正常的(normal)，故选D项。8．A.animals B．sheepC．pigs D．vegetables解析A根据第一段第三句中的．..wherethereareflocksofanimalsforittoeat可知，此处应是指放入一些小动物，故选A项。9．A.interest B．difficultyC．attitude D．expression解析Ashownointerestindoingsth对做某事不感兴趣，为固定搭配，故选A项。10．A.agreedon B．agreedwithC．agreedto D．didwith解析Bagreeon在某方面达成一致看法；agreewith同意某人；agreeto同意(意见、建议等)；dowith处理。空格后宾语为him，故选B项。11．A.classroom B．boundaryC．territory D．courtyard解析C人们觉得他说的有道理，就把5只黑豹投进虎园。classroom教室；boundary范围，界限；territory领地；courtyard庭院，故选C项。12．A.wentaway B．wrotedownC．putdown D．wentdown解析D此处指美洲虎从山上下来巡视。goaway离开；writedown写下；putdown放下；godown走下来，故选D项。13．A.position B．natureC．existence D．reality解析B上文提到美洲虎不再整天睡觉，而是恢复了老虎的天性(nature)，故选B项。14．A.one B．someC．any D．none解析A句意：在我们的世界中，一种没有任何对手的生物会变得毫无生机，故选A项。15．A.teachers B．relativesC．rivals D．lovers解析C根据上文列举的美洲虎的例子以及本段第一句可知，此处表示“没有对手(rivals)”，故选C项。16．A.to B．withC．across D．into解析Bbesatisfiedwith对……感到满意，故选B项。17．A.Good B．DifficultC．Smooth D．Different解析B根据下文可知，此处指艰难的环境孕育成功者，故选B项。18．A.realize B．cultivateC．destroy D．produce解析B参见上题解析。realize实现；cultivate培养；destroy毁坏；produce生产，故选B项。19．A.schoolmates B．friendsC．colleagues D．teammates解析B空前说你的对手不是你的竞争者，结合句中but可知，空处应填与opponents相对比的事物，故选B项。20．A.obvious B．realC．strict D．familiar解析C根据语境可知，此处指我们需要对手来对我们百般挑剔，并用严格的(strict)要求和标准监督我们，故选C项。Ⅲ.短文改错InChina,whetheroldpeopleshouldbehelpedwhentheyhaveafalleq\f(seem,seems)①apuzzlingproblem,butoneexperiencehaseq\f(complete,completely)②changedmyview.Las