高考英语三轮冲刺提分练 话题练 第17练 科普知识与现代技术试题

科普知识与现代技术基础巩固Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．TheInternethasenabledus(know)andunderstandthewholeworldmuchbetter.2．However，someofscientificinventionshaveevencausedgreatharmmankind.3．Therapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology(bring)aboutgreatchangestohumanlifesofar.4．Iwilltellyou(direct)thatscientistsarethosewhopromotethesocialprogress.5．In18thcentury，the(invent)ofthesteamengineledtothefirstIndustrialRevolution.6．Weneedtoacceptthefactthatthesemoderninventionshavebroughtmuch(convenient)tous.7．Incontrast，thisconditionjustindicatesthatourlifeisconnectedmoderninventionsclosely.8．WhyIsayitnormalisbecauseIbelievethatnothingis(absolute)goodandrightforus.9．Exceptforthemoderninventionsoftransport，thereareplentyofotherthings，(include)robots.10．Wecandomanythingsthatwedidn’thavetheabilitytodointhepastby(use)robots.Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)11．Therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemattractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic.12．Acomputernetworkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincludingequipmentsandinformation.13．Butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages，forexamples，ithassomuchjunkinformationthatbotherusalot.14．Ifourgovernmentdoitwell，IfullbelievethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus.15．Themoderntransportbenefitsourlife，thoughsomepeoplealsocriticizeitsothere’remanyaccidents.16．Actually，robotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygivetousmuchhelp.17．Weliveinanagewhichmoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.18．Thenewtechnology，ifapplyingtoricegrowing，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.19．Hethoughtthatthekeytofeedpeoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly.20．Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmoderninventioninourlife—thecomputernetwork.话题词汇1．advantagen．优势2．artificialadj.人造的，人工的3．negativeeffect负面影响4．breakthroughn．突破5．surftheInternet上网6．explorev．探索7．conveniencen．方便8．withthedevelopmentof...随着……的发展9．changeone’slife改变某人的生活10．drawbackn．缺点，不利条件能力提升Ⅲ.阅读理解A(2018·辽宁葫芦岛一模)AccordingtoanewresearchfromtheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland，sheepareabletorecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.Thefarmanimals，whoaresocialandhavelargebrains，werepreviouslyknowntobeabletorecognizeoneanother，aswellasfamiliarhumans.However，theirabilitytorecognizehumanfacesfromphotosaloneisnovel.Therecentstudy，theresultsofwhichwerepublishedinthejournalRoyalSocietyshowedthatthewoollycreaturescouldbetrainedtorecognizestillimagesofhumanfaces，includingthoseofformerPresidentBarackObamaandactressEmmaWatson.Initially，thesheepweretrainedtoapproachcertainimagesbybeinggivenfoodrewards.Later，theywereabletorecognizetheimagesforwhichtheyhadbeenrewarded.Thesheepcouldevenrecognizeimagesoffacesshownatanangle，thoughtheirabilitytodosodeclinedbyabout15percent—thesamerateatwhichahuman’sabilitytoperformthesametaskdeclines.“Anyonewhohasspenttimeworkingwithsheepwillknowthattheyareintelligentandindividualanimalswhoareabletorecognizetheirhandlers.”saidProfessorJennyMorton，wholedtheCambridgestudy.“We’veshownwithourstudythatsheephaveadvancedface­recognitionabilities，closetothoseofhumansandmonkeys.”Recognizingfacesisoneofthemostimportantsocialskillsforhumanbeings，andsomedisordersofthebrain，includingHuntington’sdisease，affectthisability.“Sheeparelong­livedandhavebrainsthataresimilarinsizeandcomplexitytothoseofsomemonkeys.Thatmeanstheycanbeusefulmodelstohelpusunderstanddisordersofthebrain，suchasHuntington’sdiseasethatdevelopoveralongtimeandaffectcognitive(认知的)abilities.Ourstudygivesusanotherwaytomonitorhowtheseabilitieschange.”Mortonsaid.21．Accordingtothenewresearch，what’sunusualaboutsheep?A．Theyhavelargebrains.B．Theycanrecognizetheirowners.C．Theycantellanimalsfromhumans.D．Theycanrecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.22．Howdidtheresearcherstrainthesheep?A．Bygivingfoodrewards.B．Byshowingphotosoffamouspeople.C．Byguidingthemtofollowtheirhandlers.D．Byshowingphotosofhumansandmonkeysbyturns.23．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Sheephaveahigherface­recognitionabilitythanmonkeys.B．Thenewdiscoveryisofgreatbenefittothestudyofcognitiveabilitychanges.C．Thesheep’sface­recognitionabilitymaypreventsomedisordersofthebrain.D．Thesheep’sface­recognitionabilitystaysthesamewhenshownphotosatanyangle.24．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．AWonderfulScientistB．TheLifeofSheepC．ANewDiscoveryAboutSheepD．HowSheepRecognizeEachOtherB(2018·四川内江一模)Inrecentyears，carmanufacturers(制造商)havebeenputunderpressuretoinventavehiclethatisbothcheapertorunandbetterfortheenvironment.Oneofthefirstideasthatcarmanufacturerstriedwastoreplaceengineswhichrunonfossil(化石)fuelswithelectricmotors.Unfortunately，thesevehicleshadseveraldisadvantagesandtheydidn’tsellverywell.Theproblemswerethatthebatteriesoftheseelectriccarsranoutveryquicklyandtookalongtimetorecharge.However，carmanufacturershaveimprovedtheconcept.Thisiswherethehybridcar，whichhasbothanelectricmotorandatraditionalpetrolengine，comesin.Theelectricmotorneverneedstoberechargedanditismuchbetterfortheplanetthanatraditionalcar.Inahybridcar，theengineiscontrolledbyacomputerwhichdetermineswhetherthecarrunsonpetrol，electricity，orboth.Whenthecarneedsmaximumpower，forexample，ifitisacceleratingorclimbingasteephill，itusesallofitsresources(资源)，butatsteadyspeedsitrunsonlyonpetrol.Whenslowingdownorbreaking，theelectricmotorrechargesitsbatteries.Hybridcarsarebetterfortheenvironmentbecausetheyhaveamuchsmallerenginethanatraditionalcar.Also，hybridcarsonthemarketaremadeusingmaterialssuchasaluminumandcarbonfiber，whichmakesthemextremelylight.Bothofthemmeanthattheyuselesspetrolthannormalcars，sotheyproducelesspollution.Ofcourse，hybridcarsaren’tperfect;theystillrunonfossilfuelsandsopollutetheenvironmenttoacertaindegree.However，theymaybethefirststepalongtheroadtocleaner，“greener”cars.Carmanufacturersarealreadyworkingonvehicleswhichrunonhydrogengivingoffharmlesswatervapor.Itlookslikewemightbeheadingintherightdirection.25．Whatcanweknowaboutthevehicleswhichranonelectricmotors?A．Theymovedveryfast.B．Theywereunpopular.C．Theirengineswereoftenreplaced.D．Theirengineswereexpensive.26．Howdoesthecomputerinahybridcarfunction?A．Itkeepsthecarrunningsteadily.B．Itdirectsthecartoclimbhills.C．Itdecideswheretopowerthecar.D．Itcontrolshowthecarusespower.27．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartrefertoinParagraph5?A．Car’ssmallerengineandspecialmaterials.B．Electricmotorandpetrolengine.C．Hybridcarandhydrogencar.D．Aluminumandcarbonfiber.28．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．Cars’Engines B．CarPollutionC．GreenCars D．Cars’AdvantagesⅣ.完形填空IwasconfusedwhileIwaseatinglunchinarestauranttheotherday.IwassittingtherelookingatwhatI’d29andwonderedifanyoneelsecouldseethe30inmymind.I’maboutto31alotoffatandwashitdownwithadietsoda.WhatcanIsay？I’mtryingtolosesomeweight.32，Idothingslikethatallthetime，whichisprobablywhythepoundsare33soslowly.Ispendhalfanhouronthetreadmill(跑步机)andI34myselfwithpotatochips.I35thatIwillnolongereatthemagain，soIjusteatalotatthistime.Imakeitallthewaythroughtheentiredaydoingeverythingabsolutelyright，andthenatbedtime“justonechipwon’t36it”turnsinto“wheredidthatentirebagofpotatochipsgo？”Ofcourse，I37dowellwithmyweightlossprogram.OnceIputtogethertwofullweeksofeatingproperlyandexercising38.Iwasstartingtofeela(n)39.Icouldbendovertotiemyshoesmoreeasily.Butjustasitwasabouttobecomea40，Ienteredaperiodoflong，latenightsfilledwith41deadlines.Isatinfrontofmycomputer，eatingsnacksanddrinkingsodastohelpmestay42.Withinafewdays，thehabitofasensibleeatingandexercisingwasa43.Unfortunatebut44，Iwastootiredtogetonthetreadmill.45，Ihadworktodo，forwhichIneededalltheenergyIcould46.SoIstartedskippingexercisesessions.And47Istarteddoingso，itbecameeasiertoskipthem.Therearealwaysreasonsnottodothethingsthatwereallyshoulddo.Everyreasonisjustanother48.29．A.cooked B．orderedC．designed D．introduced30．A.battle B．competitionC．performance D．practice31．A.burn B．containC．lose D．consume32．A.Surprisingly B．HappilyC．Unfortunately D．Hopefully33．A.comingoff B．passingawayC．takingoff D．turningaway34．A.equip B．connectC．present D．reward35．A.agree B．pretendC．imagine D．decide36．A.hurt B．countC．change D．solve37．A.always B．sometimesC．seldom D．never38．A.hardly B．instantlyC．regularly D．slightly39．A.urge B．attractionC．difference D．pain40．A.plan B．habitC．game D．hobby41．A.original B．commonC．inspiring D．tight42．A.awake B．calmC．healthy D．strong43．A.goal B．memoryC．reality D．trend44．A.unbelievable B．changeableC．understandable D．enjoyable45．A.Therefore B．HoweverC．Besides D．Otherwise46．A.lack B．saveC．show D．throw47．A.once B．beforeC．unless D．though48．A.choice B．faultC．cause D．excuse答案解析Ⅰ.1.toknow2.to3.hasbrought4.directly5.invention6．convenience7.with8.absolutely9.including10.usingⅡ.11.Therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(more))attractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic.12．Acomputernetworkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincludingeq\f(equipments,equipment)andinformation.13．Butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages，forexamples，ithassomuchjunkinformationthateq\f(bother,bothers)usalot.14．Ifourgovernmentdoitwell，Ieq\f(full,fully)believethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus.15．Themoderntransportbenefitsourlife，thoughsomepeoplealsocriticizeiteq\f(so,because)there’remanyaccidents.16．Actually，robotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygiveto\usmuchhelp.17．Weliveinanageeq\f(which,when)moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.18．Thenewtechnology，ifeq\f(applying,applied)toricegrowing，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.19．Hethoughtthatthekeytoeq\f(feed,feeding)peoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly.20．Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmoderneq\f(invention,inventions)inourlife—thecomputernetwork.Ⅲ.eq\x(语篇解读本文介绍了一项新的研究成果：绵羊能够从照片中识别人脸。)21．D[细节理解题。由第一段中的“sheepareabletorecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs”可知，绵羊的不寻常之处在于它们能够从照片中识别人脸，故选D。]22．A[细节理解题。由第四段首句“Initially，thesheepweretrainedtoapproachcertainimagesbybeinggivenfoodrewards.”可知，研究人员通过给绵羊食物奖励来训练绵羊，故选A。]23．B[推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Thatmeanstheycanbeusefulmodelstohelp...Ourstudygivesusanotherwaytomonitorhowtheseabilitieschange.”可以推断出，该项新发现有益于对认知能力改变的研究，故选B。]24．C[标题归纳题。通读全文可知这篇文章主要讲了一项新的研究表明绵羊能够从照片中识别人脸，故选C。]eq\x(语篇解读本文介绍了一种由电脑操控引擎、经济环保的混合动力汽车。)25．B[推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句“Unfortunately，thesevehicleshadseveraldisadvantagesandtheydidn’tsellverywell.Theproblemswerethatthebatteriesoftheseelectriccarsranoutveryquicklyandtookalongtimetorecharge.”可知，这种电动汽车的电池很快就耗尽了，而且充电需要花很长时间，所以不受欢迎卖得不好。故选B。]26．D[细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Inahybridcar，theengineiscontrolledbyacomputerwhichdetermineswhetherthecarrunsonpetrol，electricity，orboth.”可知，混合动力车的电脑决定该车是使用汽油、电力还是两者兼用。故选D。]27．A[代词指代题。根据第五段中的“theyhaveamuchsmallerenginethanatraditionalcar”及“usingmaterialssuchasaluminumandcarbonfiber，whichmakesthemextremelylight”可知，更小的发动机和特殊的建造材料使混合动力车省油，所以Bothofthem指的是这两者，故选A。]28．C[标题归纳题。文章介绍了一种由电脑操控引擎、经济环保的混合动力汽车。C项(绿色环保车)概括了其主要优点，适合作为本文标题。]Ⅳ.语篇解读作者想要减肥，但是他不断地摄入大量脂肪，又因为种种原因放弃了锻炼，最终减肥失败。29．B[cook烹饪；order点菜，命令；design设计；introduce介绍。由上文中的“Iwaseatinglunchinarestaurant”可知，此处指作者看着自己“点的食物”。]30．A[battle战斗；competition竞争；performance表演；practice练习。下一句提到作者摄入大量脂肪，又喝苏打水减肥，故可知作者非常矛盾，内心做着激烈的“斗争”。故A项正确。]31．D[burn燃烧；contain包含；lose失去；consume吃，喝，饮。作者打算消耗掉大量的脂肪。故D项正确。]32．C[surprisingly令人惊讶地；happily高兴地；unfortunately不幸地；hopefully有希望地。上一句提到作者想要减肥，但是不幸的是作者还不断地摄入大量脂肪，所以此处意为“不幸的是”。故C项正确。]33．A[comeoff从……掉下；passaway去世；takeoff起飞；turnaway拒绝……进入。作者不断地摄入大量脂肪，这是作者体重下降慢的原因。故A项正确。]34．D[equip装备，使具有；connect连接；present颁发，呈现；reward奖赏。作者在跑步机上锻炼半个小时后，用薯片来奖励自己。故D项正确。]35．D[agree同意；pretend假装；imagine想象；decide决定。由后面的“soIjusteatalotatthistime”可知，作者决定以后再也不吃薯片了，所以只在这次吃很多的薯片。故D项正确。]36．A[hurt危害，伤害；count数数；change改变；solve解