Unit4+Adversity+and+Courage+Section+B+Learning+About+Language课后练习 高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册

LearningAboutLanguageⅠ.单词拼写1.Inordertoensuresuccesswemusthaveacompleteand(细致的)plan.2.Utheyranintoasnowstormalongtheway.3.Evenifitwasfoggyand(潮湿的)thismorning,hewentjoggingasusual.4.Wethoughtofsellingtheold(家具),butwe’vedecidedtoholdontoitasitmightbevaluable.5.Somepeoplechoosenottoeatmeatbecausetheybelievethatitisctoeatanimals.6.Thebisasmallanimallikeamousewithwings.Itoftenfliesaroundatnight.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1.Underourteacher’scareful(guide),wedidtheexperimentsuccessfully.2.This(advertise)isdesignedtoattracttheattentionofhousewives.3.Themorningsunrisesintheeast,givingoffitsraysalldirections.4.Iwasveryenthusiasticthelecture,buthisremarkonitmademedisappointed.5.Nomatteryouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvariousactivitiesonEarthDay.6.Hewasgratefulforandproudhisson’sremarkableanduniqueperformance.Ⅲ.用现在完成时和现在完成进行时补全句子I1.(在中国住了十年).Life2.(一直很好)tome.IwenttocollegefortwoyearsandnowI3.(在一家公司工作三年了).Mywife,Lisa,andI4.(结婚5年了).We5.(刚刚完成)decoratingthebathroomonthesecondfloorandweplantohavechildreninthefuture.Ⅳ.单句写作1.所有活动都在经验丰富的导师指导下进行。(guidance)Activitiesalltakeplacetheexperiencedtutor.2.不管天气如何,她总是每天步行五英里。(nomatterwhat)Dayin,dayout,,shewalksfivemiles.3.近几周,母亲接连登广告想招聘一名清洁工,但至今没有找到人。(advertise)Motherhasbeenforweekswithoutsuccess.4.我的朋友尽了最大的努力来解决这个问题,不管它有多难。(tryone’sbest)Myfriendtheproblem,howeverdifficultitwas.5.听到那个男孩粗鲁地说话,我们都很震惊。(ina...manner)Allofuswereshockedtoheartheboytalking.Ⅴ.阅读理解ASearch“toxicparents”,andyou’llfindmorethan38,000posts,largelyurgingyoungadultstocuttieswiththeirfamilies.Theideaistosafeguardone’smentalhealthfromabusiveparents.However,asapsychoanalyst(精神分析学家),I’veseenthattrendinrecentyearshasbecomeawaytomanageconflictsinthefamily,andI’veseenthesevereimpactsestrangement(疏远)hasonbothsidesofthedivide.Thisisaself-helptrendthatcreatesmuchharm.Today’ssocialjusticevaluesrespondtothisreality,callingonustocriticizeoppressive(高压的)andharmfulfiguresandtogainpowerforthosewhohavebeenpowerless.Butwhenadultchildrenusethemosteffectivetooltheyhave—themselves—togainasenseofsecurityandbantheirparentsfromtheirlives,therolesaresimplyswitched,andthepainonlydeepens.Often,whatIseeinmypracticearecasesoffamilyconflictmismanaged.Iseetheterribleeffectofthattrend:situationswithnowinners,onlyisolatedhumanswholongtobeknownandfeelsafeinthepresenceoftheother.Thecatchisthatafterestrangement,adultchildrenfeelabandonedandbetrayed.Theycarrytheghostsoftheirchildhood,tacklingtheemotionalrealitythatthosewhoraiseduscannevertrulybeleftbehind,nomatterhowhardwetry.WhatIhavefoundisthatmostofthesefamiliesneedrepair,notpermanentbreak-up.Howcanonelearnhowtonegotiateneeds,tocreateboundariesandtotrust?Howcanweloveothers,andourselves,ifnotthroughacceptingthelimitationsthatcomewithbeinghuman?Goodrelationshipsaretheresultnotofaperfectlevelofharmonybutratherofsuccessfuladjustments.Topursuedialogueinsteadofestrangementwillbehardandpainfulwork.Itcan’tbeasingleprojectof“self-help”,becauseattheendoftheday,realintimacy(亲密关系)isachievedbyworkingthroughtheinjuriesofthepasttogether.Inmostcasesoffamilyconflict,repairispossibleandpreferabletoestrangement—andit’sworththework.1.Whydoyoungpeoplecuttieswiththefamily?A.Togainanindependentlife.B.Torestoreharmonyinthefamily.C.Toprotecttheirpsychologicalwell-being.D.Tofollowatendencytowardssocialjustice.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“catch”inparagraph4mean?A.Response.B.Problem.C.Operation. D.Emphasis.3.Whatshouldyoungadultsdotomanagefamilyconflictaccordingtotheauthor?A.Breakdownboundaries.B.Gainpowerwithinthefamily.C.Liveuptotheirparents’expectations.D.Acceptimperfectionoffamilymembers.4.Howisthetextmainlydeveloped?A.Byofferingcausesandeffects.B.Byanalyzingtheproblemandsolutions.C.Bycomparingstrengthsandweaknesses.D.Bylistingrelevantexamplesanddata.BNomatterwhereheparkshisVWbuscoatedinchalkboardpaint,JonathanShermancomesbacktofindgreatnewartadorningthesides.Onceaweek,hewashesitandcreatesanewcanvasfortheamateurartistsofAmericanForkwhoareinspiredtofillitssides.Thestorybehindwhathasbecomeknownasthe“Chalkbus”eveninspiredaminidocumentarybycollegestudents,theDailyHeraldreports.TheideatomakeitarollingchalkboardcametoShermanwhenthebuswasdueforanewpaintjobandhepainteditblackmatteprimerandthengazedoverathisdaughterdrawingchalkonthesidewalk.Heinvitedhertotryonthevan,andtheplanwasformed.“Peoplewerelike,‘Oh,youshouldn’tdothat.Peoplearegoingtodrawallkindsofhorriblethingsonthere,’youknow.‘You’reaskingfortrouble,’”Shermansaid.“Peoplereallyhaven’tdrawnanythingbadthere.Theyalwaysdrawcoolthings.”Hestarteddrivingitseveralyearsago,andfrequentlyfounddrawingswhenheparkeditinatthemovietheaterorgrocerystore.Whenhefoundsomeonedrawingonthebus,heleftthemalonetofinishbeforetalkingwiththem.“It’salwaysapositiveconversation,”hesaid.Sherman,alicensedmarriageandfamilytherapist,saidthebusseemedtoprovidesomethingpeopleweremissing.HetookiteachyeartotheOutofDarknessSuicidePreventionWalkinSaltLakeCityandletpeopledrawonitthere.“Alotofpeoplearereallydisconnectedinsociety.Andalotofpeoplesufferinsilence,”hesaid.“AnywhereIcanfindalittlesmallconnection,Ithinkitjustalleviatesalittlebitofaburdensomewhereforsomebodytoknowthat,you’reseenandyoumatter.”“I’vejustnoticedhowmanymeaningfulconnectionshavecomeasaresultoforhavecomebecauseoftheexistenceoftheChalkbus,”McKinnonsaid.“BecausetheChalkbusexists,I’vemadefriendsthatIwouldn’thavemade.Iwantpeopletohavepeace,loveandhappiness.”5.HowdidShermanreactwhenseeingsomeonepaintingonhisbus?A.Hewatchedhim/herinacoldmanner.B.Hestayedangrybutkeptsilent.C.Hefoughtwiththeperson.D.Hewatchedhim/herandthentalkedwiththeperson.6.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“alleviates”inparagraph7?A.Relieves. B.Bears.C.Accepts. D.Improves.7.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ImmoralbehaviorshappeninginpublicB.The“Chalkbus”inspiresdrawingandconnectivityC.The“Chalkbus”promotesyoungartistsbornincollegesD.Newly-bornstyleofart—Chalkbusdrawing8.Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Aguidebook. B.Ascientificfiction.C.Afashionmagazine. D.Anewsreport.Ⅵ.完形填空ResidentsandemergencyworkersrecoveringfromdestructioncausedbydeadlytornadoesonDecember10inKentuckyrecentlyhadsomesupportfromWhiteCounty.Asmanythroughouttheregion1swiftlytoprovideaidfortheaffectedcommunities,ClevelandpoliceofficerJustinBaldwinwasamongthose2tohelp.

Baldwin3totakeacarloadofsuppliestoKentuckyforthereliefeffortsandtoldhiscoworkersabouthis4onMondaybeforeleaving.Aswordofhisplan5beyondthepolicedepartment,strangersstarteddonatingmoney,suppliesandtheirtimetothe6.Waterbottles,snacksandlargecansofvegetables,aswellasa(n)7amountofmoney8.Theofficeralso9toseewhatwasneededmostinKentucky.Thenhewentandboughtfourorfivehundreddollars’worthofchildren’smedicine.

BylastThursday,Baldwinhadto10seatsoutofa15-passengervan(面包车)toloadthedonationsfor11inaweekendtrip.MayfieldHighSchoolhasbeenturnedintoadistributioncentertoprovide12.Baldwindecidedthatwouldbethe13placetosetuphisvantoreachpeople.

BaldwinstayedinKentuckyforthreedays,14bytheamountofgenerosityhewitnessedinthecounty.Multipletruckswerewaitingtocomein—peoplewereverygenerousandalotofpeoplehadfelta15todosomething.

1.A.shiftedB.movedC.flewD.settled2.A.determined B.discouragedC.permitted D.expected3.A.managed B.proceededC.planned D.hesitated4.A.doubt B.fearC.demand D.idea5.A.spread B.failedC.changed D.delayed6.A.role B.departmentC.cause D.innovation7.A.substantial B.crucialC.influential D.partial8.A.pouredin B.sweptawayC.gaveway D.ranout9.A.explored B.checkedC.intended D.applied10.A.repair B.produceC.deliver D.remove11.A.exchange B.entertainmentC.consumption D.transport12.A.shelters B.belongingsC.gifts D.essentials13.A.safe B.idealC.distant D.legal14.A.wornout B.blownawayC.broughttolife D.castdown15.A.panic B.reliefC.calling D.challengeⅦ.语法填空Theideaofhelpingpeoplecomesnaturallytomostofus.Ifweseeablindpersongettingoff1.bus,wewatchtomakesurethatheisinnodangerof2.(fall).However,therearemanypeoplewhohavenobodyneartoseetheirneedforhelpevenwhentheneedisknown.Theold,the3.(disable),andthehomelessarethepeoplefor4.helpmaynotcome,becausenobodysees.Organizationsexistwhichtrytomakesurethatsomeoneseeswhenhelp5.(need)anddoessomethingaboutit.Volunteersgiveupalittleoftheirsparetime6.(lend)ahand.Ifyouwishtotakepartinthisworthwhileactivity,thinkofthepeoplemostinneedofhelpandthewaysinwhichhelpcanbegiven.Oldpeoplecannotalwaysredecorate7.(they)homes.Householdrepairs,cleaning,preparingfoodortakingcareofthegardenmayallprovedifficult.Elderlypeoplewithfailingeyesightare8.(delight)ifafriendcomesintoreadortowritelettersforthem.Peopleconfinedtowheelchairscannotgoout9.somebodytakesthem.Blindchildrenmayloveswimmingbuttheyneedasighted10.(swim)togowiththem.Whatdoyoudoifyouwanttohelp?参考答案Ⅰ.1.thorough2.Unfortunately3.damp4.furniture5.cruel6.batⅡ.1.guidance2.advertisement3.in4.about5.what6.ofⅢ.1.havebeenlivinginChinafortenyears2.hasbeenverygood3.havebeenworkinginacompanyforthreeyears4.havebeenmarriedfor5years5.havejustfinishedⅣ.1.undertheguidanceof2.nomatterwhattheweatherislike3.advertisingforacleaner4.triedhisbesttosolve5.inarudemannerⅤ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了面对家庭冲突或隔阂,相比疏远,修复是更好的方法。1.C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Search‘toxicparents’,andyou’llfindmorethan38,000posts,largelyurgingyoungadultstocuttieswiththeirfamilies.Theideaistosafeguardone’smentalhealthfromabusiveparents.”可知,年轻人选择与家庭切断联系是为了保护自己,免于受到心理上的伤害。故选C项。2.B词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“Thecatchisthatafterestrangement,adultchildrenfeelabandonedandbetrayed.”可知,子女选择与家庭疏远后,产生的结果是他们感觉到被抛弃和被背叛,这是一种消极负面的影响。因此,画线词后是在解释这一名词,即catch表示严重的后果或是问题。故选B项。3.D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“WhatIhavefoundisthatmostofthesefamiliesneedrepair,notpermanentbreak-up.”可知,作者建议年轻人去修复家庭关系,而不是疏远。以及本段中的“Howcanweloveothers,andourselves...butratherofsuccessfuladjustments.”可知,接受家人的不完美,调整自己的心态,对关系进行修复才能得到完美和谐的结果。故选D项。4.B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Search‘toxicparents’,andyou’llfind...safeguardone’smentalhealthfromabusiveparents.”可知,当下年轻人在处理家庭冲突时,选择疏远家庭。以及倒数第二段中的“WhatIhavefoundisthatmostofthesefamiliesneedrepair,notpermanentbreak-up.”可知,作者在倒数第二段提出修复是更好的方法。因此,本文主要围绕分析问题和解决方案来展开。故选B项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了你可以随便在一辆名为“Chalkbus”的公共汽车车身上画画,司机不仅不会生气,反而还会鼓励人们创作,他认为这样有利于人们之间的沟通与交流。5.D细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Whenhefoundsomeonedrawingonthebus,heleftthemalonetofinishbeforetalkingwiththem.(当他发现有人在车上画画时,他让他们独自完成,然后再和他们交谈)”可知,当Sherman看到有人在车上画画时,他的反应是看着他/她画,然后再和他/她交谈。6.A词义猜测题。根据上文提到的“很多人在社会上真的没有联系。而很多人默默承受”以及下文的“负担”可知,此处的意思是“这会减轻他们的痛苦/负担”。由此猜测alleviates意为“缓解;减轻”,与A项近义。7.B标题归纳题。第一段讲“JonathanSherman的大众公共汽车不管停在哪里,两边都有新的艺术装饰”,第二段讲“JonathanSherman每周为AmericanFork的业余艺术家们创作一幅新的画布”,第三段讲“JonathanSherman的‘Chalkbus’大众巴士激发了大学生们创造了一部迷你纪录片”,第四段讲“JonathanSherman的‘Chalkbus’计划”,第五、六段讲“‘Chalkbus’激励人们在巴士上画画”,第七、八段讲“通过‘Chalkbus’人们彼此联系,那些和社会脱节的人们又结交了朋友”。由此可知,文章主要讲“‘Chalkbus’鼓励人们创作,让人们彼此建立联系”,B项“Chalkbus”鼓励绘画和联系性符合文意。8.D推理判断题。根据第三段“Thestorybehindwhathasbecomeknownasthe‘Chalkbus’eveninspiredaminidocumentarybycollegestudents,theDailyHeraldreports.(据英国《每日先驱报》报道,这辆被称为‘Chalkbus’的汽车背后的故事甚至激发大学生们创作了一部迷你纪录片)”可知,本文是来自《每日先驱报》的一篇新闻报道。Ⅵ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。一名警察采取行动,帮助遭受龙卷风袭击的地区的人们。1.B根据本句的“toprovideaid”可知大家迅速采取行动,提供帮助。故选B项。2.A根据本句的“swiftlytoprovideaid”可知大家迅速采取行动,提供帮助,大家都决心帮助。故选A项。

3.C根据本句的“onMondaybeforeleaving”可知在出发之前他打算这样做。故选C项。4.D根据本句的“toldhiscoworkers”可知他把他的计划告诉了他的同事。故选D项。5.A根据本句的“strangersstarteddonatingmoney”可知陌生人捐钱,因为陌生人听说了他的计划,可知他的计划传开了,spread“传播”。故选A项。6.C根据上文“ClevelandpoliceofficerJustinBaldwinwasamongthosedeterminedtohelp”可知,他要提供帮助,这是一项伟大的事业。故选C项。7.A根据本句的“amount”可知,这是一大笔钱。故选A项。8.A根据本句的“Wat