新教材高中英语UNIT3THEINTERNET突破语法大冲关案含解析新人教版必修第二册

PAGE4-UNIT3THEINTERNET现在完成时的被动语态[观察例句]1．MuchhasbeenwrittenabouttheGreatWall.2．Manypeoplehavebeenhelpedbytheclub.3．Jan'slifehasbeengreatlyimprovedbytheInternet.4．Lookatthewayyourfacehasbeenwashed.5．TodayIthoughtI'dansweraquestionthathasbeenaskedmanytimes—howdoyoustaysafeonlineandavoidbadexperiencesontheInternet?[归纳句法]一、现在完成时的被动语态的构成have/has＋been＋过去分词二、现在完成时的被动语态的常用句式肯定式主语＋have/hasbeendone...否定式主语＋have/hasnotbeendone...一般疑问式Have/Has＋主语＋beendone...？特殊疑问式疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋beendone...？Thecityhasbeensweptthroughbyheatwaverecently.最近热浪横扫了这座城市。Hisworkhasnotbeenfinished.他的工作尚未完成。Havethenewbookingsystemsforticketsbeenused?新的订票系统已在使用中了吗？Howlonghasthebatterynotbeenchanged?电池多久没有更换了？[即学即练1]句型转换Thechildrenhavealreadybeentoldthegoodnews.①Thechildrenhaven'tbeentoldthegoodnewsyet.(改为否定句)②Havethechildrenbeentoldthegoodnewsyet？(改为一般疑问句)③Whohasbeentoldthegoodnewsyet？(对thechildren进行提问)三、现在完成时的被动语态的用法1．表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语sofar，bynow，uptillnow，before...等连用。Theworkhasalreadybeenfinished.工作已完成了。(结果是现在不用做这项工作了)Thedoctorhasn'tbeensentforyet.还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生)2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去。常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于Howlong...？句型中。Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.这台机器已经修了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)3．用在时间或条件等状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。Youcangohomeassoonasyourtaskhasbeenfinished.你的任务一完成就可以回家。[即学即练2]单句语法填空①Inthelastfewyears，thousandsoffilmshavebeenproduced(produce)allovertheworld.②Thoughwedon'tknowwhatwasdiscussed，yetwecanfeelthetopichasbeenchanged(change)．四、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意的事项1．与一般过去时的被动语态的区别一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。Theparkwasopenedtothepubliclastyear.去年这家公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生在过去)Theparkhasbeenopenedtothepublic.这家公园已向公众开放。(说明动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经开放了)2．非延续性动词如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。Theworkwasfinishedtwoweeksago.这项工作在两周前已经完成。Theworkhasbeenfinished.这项工作已经完成。3．动词短语动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。Itissaidthattheproblemhasbeenlookedinto.据说已经调查了这个问题。4．带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。注意：原来作宾补的省略to的不定式在被动语态中要用带to的不定式。Ihavetoldthemtohelpyou.→Theyhavebeentoldtohelpyou.5．带有双宾语的动词如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。Thecompanyhasgivenhimachancetoworkabroadrecently.→Hehasbeengivenachancetoworkabroadrecently(bythecompany)．→Achancetoworkabroadhasbeengiventohimrecently(bythecompany)．[即学即练3]单句语法填空①Thebridgenearthevillagewasbuilt(build)lastyear.②Nobookshavebeenbought(buy)sincelastweek.③Ane­mailhasbeensent(send)tomebynow.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thedictionaryisoutofdate：manywordshavebeenadded(add)tothelanguagesinceitwaspublished.2．Inrecentyears，stresshasbeenregarded(regard)asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems，fromhighbloodpressuretomentalillness.3．WhenIreachedthestation，theticketshadbeensold(sell)out.4．Thisbookhasbeentranslated(translate)intomanylanguagessofar.5．Ourclassroomhasbeencleaned(clean)，youneedn'tcleanitnow.6．Theseflowershavebeenwatered(water)，youcangohome.7．Whenyougetthepaperback，payspecialattentiontowhathasbeenmarked(mark)．8．Thehousehasbeenwashed(wash)awaybythestormyesterday.9．Thebookshavebeenborrowed(borrow)bytheteacher.10．Howmanynewwordshavebeenlearned(learn)bythestudentsuptonow?Ⅱ.短文语法填空LiMing：Hi，LinTao.Hownice1.tosee(see)youonthefirstdayofthenewterm!LinTao：Yes.Nicetoseeyouagain.LiMing：Iknowthatyourparents2.havebeenworking(work)inthatcityforaboutayear.Canyoutellmesomethingthereaftertheearthquake?LinTao：Ofcourse.Sincetheearthquake3.happened(happen)，manysoldiers4.havebeensent(send)there，andmanykindsofsupplies(物资)5.havebeencarried(carry)therefromalloverthecountry.Now，mostpeoplethereareliving6.ahappylifeagain.LiMing：Howabouttheschoolsthere?LinTao：Severalnewschools7.havebeenset(set)upandalsosomeschools8.whichweredamagedintheearthquake9.have