科技英语与英语科技论文写作二

研究生科技英语课程——

科技英语写作

邵宗平南京工业大学化学化工学院材料化学工程国家重点实验室1.科技论文的标题

Howtopreparethetitle?

2Firstimpressionsarestrongimpressions;atitleoughtthereforetobewellstudied,andtogive,sofarasitslimitspermit,adefiniteandconciseindicationofwhatistocome.—T.CliffordAllbutt先入为主。因此，论文的标题应最大限度地对文章内容给出明确而简洁的指示。科技论文的标题3ImportanceoftheTitlePerhapsfewpeople,ifany,willreadtheentirepaper,butmanypeoplewillreadthetitle,eitherintheoriginaljournalorinoneofthesecondary(abstractingandindexing)publications.Theindexingandabstractingservicesdependheavilyontheaccuracyofthetitle.Animproperlytitledpapermaybevirtuallylostandneverreachitsintendedaudience.科技论文的标题4科技论文的标题5LengthoftheTitlelongtitlesareoftenlessmeaningfulthanshortones.ExampleMostexcessivelylongtitlescontain"waste"words.Often,thesewastewordsappearrightatthestartofthetitle,wordssuchas"Astudyof","Studieson,""Investigationson,''and"Observationson."科技论文的标题67AnopeningA,An,

orTheisalsoa"waste"word.

Example1标题可改为："SelectivityindirectsynthesisofH2O2fromH2andO2:roleofcatalystonreactionkinetics"Example2标题可改为："NovelpreparationofthindensePdmembraneonmacroporousstainlesssteeltubularfilter"Example3标题可改为："Dehydrogenationofethanolinapalladiummembranereactor"科技论文的标题8科技论文的标题9NeedforspecifictitlesExample:PropertiesofZSM-5molecularsieveCatalyticpropertiesofZSM-5molecularsieveCatalyticpropertiesofZSM-5molecularsieveoncrackingofcumeneDeactivationofZSM-5molecularsieveoncatalyticcrackingofcumeneBadtitle:AstudyofthedeactivationoftheZSM-5molecularsieveonthecatalyticcrackingofthecumene科技论文的标题10Exercise:pH值对沉淀法制备的碳酸钙比表面的影响EffectofpHonspecificsurfaceareaofcalciumcarbonatepreparedbyprecipitation以多孔陶瓷为载体的钯—银合金膜的制备和表征PreparationandcharacterizationofPd-Agalloymembranessupportedonporousceramics汽油成分的气相色谱分析Gas-chromatographyanalysisongasolinecomponents科技论文的标题11TitleshouldnotbeasentenceExample:“Oct-3isamaternalfactorrequiredforthefirstmouseembryonicdivision”OCT-3是首次鼠胚胎分裂的母体因素(Cell64:1103,1991).Theverb("is")isawasteword,inthatitcanbereadilydeletedwithoutaffectingcomprehension.Inclusionofthe"is"resultsinatitlethatnowseemstobealoudassertion.

But,ithappens……科技论文的标题1213Runningtitles——页头标题Asanaidtoreaders,"runningtitles"or"runningheads"areprintedatthetopofeachpage.Often,thetitleofthejournalorbookisgivenatthetopofleft-facingpagesandthearticleorchaptertitleisgivenatthetopofright-facingpages.Usually,ashortversionofthetitleisneededbecauseofspacelimitations.

一般，页头标题由期刊自定。科技论文的标题14Abbreviationsintitle

Titlesshouldnotcontainabbreviations,proprietary专有的names,jargon,andthelike.Example:Thehydrogen-fueledinternalcombustionengine:atechnicalreview不能写成:“H2ICE：atechnicalreview”.But,thiskindofproblemoftenhappens……科技论文的标题1516Howaboutchemicalformula?简单的化学式最好用英文表示，而稍复杂的化学式最好不译。如palladium,sodium,PdCl2,Na2MoO4,H3[PW12O40].nH2O,Y-Ba-Cu-B-O等等。化学式往往更精确。如“ironoxide”是FeO，Fe2O3还是Fe3O4?“nitrogenoxide”是N2O,NO,N2O3,N2O4,NO2,N2O5中的哪一个？Example科技论文的标题1718科技论文的署名

Howtolisttheauthors?

19科技论文的署名Thelistingofauthorsshouldincludethose,andonlythose,whoactivelycontributedtotheoveralldesignandexecution完成oftheexperiments.但是，存在剥削现象。。。。Theauthorsshouldnormallybelistedinorderofimportancetotheexperiments.Thefirstauthorisoftentheseniorauthor,incasethattwoauthorscontributesequally,afootnotemaybeaddressed.鼓励学生做第一作者，关键是要名实相符。。。Veryoften,thelastauthoristhegroupleader.20CorrespondingauthorUsuallythesupervisororlableader.If,beforepublication,theauthorhasmovedtoadifferentaddress,thenewaddressshouldbeindicatedina"PresentAddress"footnote.

尊师。对学生来讲，通常在准备稿件时应该将作者栏空白，由导师在定稿时将作者加上，以显示对导师的尊重。爱生。反过来，导师也应该根据贡献的大小决定文章的署名，如学生是主要作者，应让学生作第一作者。科技论文的署名21科技论文的摘要

Howtopreparetheabstract?

22科技论文的摘要AnAbstractshouldbeviewedasamini-versionofthepaper.TheAbstractshouldprovideabriefsummaryofeachofthemainsectionsofthepaper:Introduction,Experimental,ResultsandDiscussion.TheAbstractisoftentypedasasingleparagraph,butthereareexceptions:Example1;Example2.

TheAbstractshould：(1)statetheprincipalobjectivesandscopeoftheinvestigation,(2)describethemethodsemployed,(3)summarizetheresults,and(4)statetheprincipalconclusions.23科技论文的摘要TheactivitiesdescribedinAbstractshouldbewritteninthepasttense.Butdescriptionofthefactsshouldbewritteninpresenttense.TheAbstractshouldnevergiveanyinformationorconclusionthatisnotstatedinthepaper.ReferencestotheliteraturemustnotbecitedintheAbstract(exceptinrareinstances,suchasmodificationofapreviouslypublishedmethod).

Abstractcontainingreference:Example1;Example2.24科技论文的摘要UnlessalongtermisusedseveraltimeswithinanAbstract,donotabbreviatetheterm.

Writethepaperbeforeyouwritetheabstract,ifatallpossible."Chemicalformulasandabbreviationsofwell-knowncharacterizationtechniquescanbewritteninabstract.TheAbstractisalmostuniversallythefirstpartofthemanuscriptreadduringthereviewprocess.Therefore,itmustbewrittenclearlyandsimply.

25科技论文的摘要Usually,agoodAbstractisfollowedbyagoodpaper;apoorAbstractisaharbinger预兆ofwoestocome.WhenwritingtheAbstract,examineeverywordcarefully.

Theuseofabstruse难懂的,verbose罗嗦的constructionsisverylikelytoprovokeacheckinthe"reject"boxonthereviewform.

ManyexperiencedwriterspreparetheirtitleandAbstractafterthepaperiswritten.26Howtolistthekeywords?Initiallettercapitalized;Spacingoutwithsemicolon.Numberofkeywords.科技论文的摘要27科技论文的前言

HowtowritetheIntroduction?

28科技论文的前言Aim:tosupplysufficientbackgroundinformationtoallowthereadertounderstandandevaluatetheresultsofthepresentstudywithoutneedingtorefertopreviouspublicationsonthetopic.

TheIntroductionshouldalsoprovidetherationale基本原理forthepresentstudy.youshouldstatebrieflyandclearlyyourpurposeinwritingthepaper.

Choosereferencescarefullytoprovidethemostimportantbackgroundinformation.29科技论文的前言/content/2006-2-15/123881.htmlIntroduction是外刊文章最为难写的部分之一（另外一个是Discussion）。中文文章的缺陷就在于Introduction没有内涵，过于简单。外刊论文对于Introduction的要求是非常高的，可以毫不夸张的说，一个好的Introduction就相当于文章成功了一半。所以大家应该在Introduction上集中足够的精力。要写好一个Introduction，最重要的是要保持鲜明的层次感和极强的逻辑性，这两点是结合在一起的，即在符合逻辑性的基础上建立层层递进的关系。30科技论文的前言首先阐述自