Unit8Grammar-Task教案牛津译林版八年级上册英语

教学目标教学内容8AU8GrammarTask重点、难点掌握课文大意灵活运用重要词汇教学过程Grammar简单句的五种句型①S+V（主语+谓语）这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语LiMingworksveryhard.Mydogdied.②S+V+O（主语+谓语+宾语）这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词，所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句来充当Hetookhisbagandleft.LiLeialwayshelpsme.Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词③S+V+P（主语+系动词+表语）这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：表示状态。这样的词有：be、look、seem、smell、taste、sound、keep等Thiskindoffoodtastesdelicious.Helookedworriedjustnow.表示变化。这类系动词有：bee、turn、get、grow、go等Springes.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.Thetreehasgrownmuchtallerthanbefore.④S+V+IO+DO（主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语）这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。接双宾语的常见动词有：buy、pass、lend、give、tell、teach、show、bring、send等Herfatherboughtheradictionaryasabirthdaypresent.TheoldmanalwaystellsthechildrenstoriesabouttheheroesintheLongMarch.因为有两个宾语，所以上述句子还可以表达为：Herfatherboughtadictionaryforherasabirthdaypresent.TheoldmanalwaystellsstoriesabouttheheroesintheLongMarchtothechildren⑤S+V+DO+OC（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语）这种句型中的“宾语+不语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份、状态或动作行为。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等Youshouldkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.Wemadehimourmonitor.注意：有些动词后可以接动词不定式作宾语补足语，具体有三种情况：后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的常见动词有：tell、ask、advise、want、wouldlike、order、force、allow等后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的常见动词有：have、make、let、see、hear、notice、watch等help后接不定式作宾补可以带to也可以不带toMyparentsalwaysaskmetostudyhard.Ioftenhearhersingathomeintheevening.IoftenhelpMum（to）dohouseworkatweekends.注意：系动词be与现在进行时结构的区别，如Heishappy.(S+V+P)Heislaughing.(S+V)Heisreadingabook.(S+V+O)<练习>阅读下列句子后写出句子所属的基本结构WefoundourChineseteacherveryinteresting.Itsstructureis______.A.S+V+PB.S+V+DO+OCC.S+V+IO+DOD.S+V+DOThesentencestructureof“Thetreesturnbrown.”is______.A.S+V+OB.S+V+IO+DOC.S+V+DO+OCD.S+V+PMilliespeaksEnglish.Thepicturelooksbeautiful.Theyareswimming.Weshouldhelpeachother.Theyfeelbusythesedays.Theoldwomanlaughed.重点词汇巩固1.mopupmopvt.用拖把拖洗moppedmoppedmopping拖地板mopthefloor把…拖干净mopupSinceyou'vesplitthemilk,you'llhavetomopitup.n.拖把Pleaseusethemoptomopupthefloor.1）n.封面；盖子；fromcovertocover(书、杂志等的)从头至尾2）vt.包括；遮盖；覆盖→becoveredwith…被…覆盖，cover→discover发现EX.①Hisdiarytheyears19901995.他的日记记述1990年至1995年的事。②Motherhimablanket.妈妈给他盖上毯子。③Thetopofthemountainsnow.山上覆盖着雪④Puttheonthepot.把壶盖盖上。n.规则，cnThereisonlyonerule.Wemustobeytherules.【知识拓展】rulevt.管理，统治；ruler,n统治者，尺子，cnHeruledfor8months.Myrulerismuchlongerthanyours.【词汇补充】breakarule,打破规则；carryoutarule执行规则keep/obeytherule遵守规则；workoutarule制定规则n.烧伤，烫伤，灼伤vt.烧着，点着，烧毁，烧伤；vi,点着，燃烧，烧毁；adj.burning燃烧的（作定语）Sheburnedallherletterslastnight.Thereisafireburninginthefireplace.【词汇补充】burndown燃烧，被烧毁；getburnt变焦burnout烧坏，烧完EX:①Anyonecouldn’tbreakthe.(规则)②Manypeople(烧)woodtokeepthemselveswarminwinter.③MayIuseyour(尺子),Amy?④Heranoutofthe(burn)housequickly.⑤我们不应该破坏学校的规则。Weshouldn’ttheschool⑥这场大火把整个房子都烧毁了。Thebigfirethehouse.5.weekdayn.工作日（星期一至星期五任一天）wehavefiveweekdaysinaweek.Ispendaboutanhourtakingthebustoworkeveryweekday.【知识拓展】weekend,n.周末weekly,adj.每周的n,周刊，周报【词汇补充】onweekdays在工作日；at/onweekends在周末；Englishweekly英语周刊Ioftengofishingwithmyfriendsatweekends.重点短语巩固beallwet全湿了mopupthefloor拖地losefinal输掉决赛crashinto撞倒intheearlymorningscreaminfear恐惧地尖叫edown坍塌calmdown冷静beatfast跳得快saytooneself自言自语bestillalive依然活着shoutforhelp呼喊求救betrappedin被困住findone’swayout找到出路throwasnowball掷雪球hidebehindatree藏在树后面onrailways在铁路上beonfire着火thenextmorningstartbigfire引发大火fallfromatree从树上掉下来feelaslightshaking感到有轻微的震动hearaloudnoiselikethunderrunoutofthebuilding逃出大楼trymybesttorunoutruninalldirections向四面八方逃跑piecesofglassandbricksmoveawaythebricksaterriblesnowstormstandonthesideoftheroadbreakdown（车辆或机器）出故障becauseofthebadweatherringsomeonetoeandhelpmakealovelysnowstormcover....with....用...覆盖as...aspossiblekeepsbsafefrom保护某人安全远离clearthesnowfromthestreets清扫大街上的雪walkslowlyinthedeepsnow在厚厚的积雪中慢慢行走重点句型分析1.Earthquakekillsthousandsofpeople.【解析】=ThousandsofpeopletheearthquakeinTaiwan.(1)thousandsof…数千…，manythousandsof…成千上万…，fivethousand五千。(2)像hundred,thousand,million,billion之前有数词修饰时，不使用复数，因此没有twohundreds等这种用法。thousandsof之前不能使用基数词修饰，不能说sixthousandsof。类似的有：数百…成百上千…数百万…manymillionsof…EX:()①Theeditortoldthereportertowrite.A.twothousandwordsB.twothousandswordsC.twothousandwordD.twothousandwords()②Youcansee_______ifyougooutatnight.A.millionstarsB.thousandofstarsC.hundredsstarsD.millionofstars()③Everyyear,_____peoplegotovisittheirfactoryA.athousandofB.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousandsof2.Whataterriblesnowstorm!=How!【解析】(1)asnowstorm指一场暴风雪。常见的自然灾害有：flood,drought(旱灾),rainstorm,sandstorm(沙尘暴),hurricane(飓风),typhoon,earthquake(2)感叹句用法由what引导的感叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种：①可用句型：“What+a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋（主语＋谓语！）”Whatanicepresentitis!Whataninterestingbookitis!②可用句型：“What＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋（主语＋谓语！）”Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!Whatgoodchildrentheyare!③可用句型：“What＋形容词＋不可数名词＋（主语＋谓语！）”Whatfineweatheritistoday!今天天气多好啊！Whatimportantnewsitis!多重要的新闻啊！由how引导的感叹句，其句子结构也分为三种：①可用句型：“How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！”Howcarefulsheis!Howfastheruns!②可用句型：“How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”Howbeautifulagirlsheis!③可用句型：“How＋主语＋谓语！”Howtimeflies!光阴似箭！由what引导的感叹句与由how引导的感叹句有时可以转换，但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!=How!Whatdeliciouscakestheseare!=How!EX:()①_______shedances!A.HowgoodB.HowwellC.Whatwell()②______delicioussoup!A.HowB.WhatC.Whata()③_____fasttheboysarerunning!A.WhatB.WhataC.How()④_______timetheyhadyesterday!A.HowwonderfulB.WhatwonderfulC.Whatawonderful()⑤______worriedtheylooked!A.WhatB.HowC.Howare3.Sandy,Isawyouandyourparentsstandingonthesideoftheroad.【解析】seesb.doingsth.“看见某人正在做某事”,强调动作正在进行.seesb.dosth.“看见某人做了某事”,强调”看到动作发生”这个事实,或经常看见某动作发生的全过程.e.g.Isawthegirldancingatthistimeyesterday.Isawamanfalloverjustnow.【拓展】用法类似的词有:hear,smell,feel,watch等e.g.Iheardhimplayingthepiano.EX:()①IsTominthenextroom?well,it’shardtosay.ButIheardhimloudlywhenIpassedbyjustnow.A.speakB.tospeakC.spokenD.Speaking()②IsWeiFanggoodatsinging?Yes,sheis.Weoftenhearherinthenextroom.()③Paulmadeanicecage____thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep4.Mydad’scarbrokedownbecauseofthecoldweather.【解析】break动词“破碎,中断,打破,损坏”.breakdown“(机器)故障,(人)身体出毛病”.e.g.Glassbreakseasily.Shedroppedtheplateanditbrokeintopieces.Thecoachbrokedownontheway.Hehasbrokendownfromoverwork.【拓展】A.break“间歇,中间休息”take/haveabreak“休息一下”e.g.SheworkedalldaywithoutabreakB.breakinto“闯入,破门而入”breakup“(关系)破裂,驱散(人群)”;breakout”(火灾/战争等)突然发生”.Hissmallelectricfanbrokedownagain.Thetwobigboysbrokeintoourclassroomjustnow.C.broken,adj.破碎的，坏掉的Ihadtobreakawindowtogetintomybedroom.Let’shaveabreak.Mypenisbroken.EX①Mylittlebrother(break)myMP4yesterday.②Therewassome(break)glassonthefloor.③Thecarontheway,sowehadtostoptorepairit.(break)5.Inearlyfellover.【解析】nearly副词，“几乎，差不多”notnearly“远非，绝不是”。Ihadnearlyreachedtown,whentheyoungmansuddenlysaid,veryslowly,“DoyouspeakEnglish?”It’snotnearlyhotenoughaslastyear.【辨析】nearly和almostA.nearly,almost都可以表示“几乎”。但当要表示“接近”或“就要到了”时最好用nearly;当想表达“不足”“尚差一点儿”时最好用almost.IlookeddownandnearlyfellofftheladderwhenIsawapolicemanB.在any,no,none,never,nobody,nothing等否定词前可用almost但不用nearlyAlmostnothingcouldstophimsmokingEX:①快9点了，会议就要开始了。It’snineo’clock.Themeetingwillbeginsoon.②那个男孩险些跌入河中。Theboytheriver.③几乎没有一个学生完成家庭作业。thestudentsfinishedthehomework.重点语法讲解(一)when,while和as的用法区别【解析】(1).when“当…..时候”,可指时间点/时间段,从句中的谓语动词可用延续性动词/非延续性动词.这些动词可以表示动作/状态.从句中的动作既可和主句的动作同时发生,也可在主句动作之前或之后发生.e.g.IcametothisschoolwhenIwas14yearsold.Thestudentsweretalkingnoisilywhentheteachercamein.(2).While“在…..的时候,在…..期间”,他总是指一个时间段,从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的,它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程中.e.g.Iwascookingsupperwhilehewasplayingthepiano.Theteachercameinwhilethestudentsweretalkingnoisily.(3).as引导时间状语从句,作”当…..的时候”解,有”随着…..”之意,与while的意义相近,强调两个动作同时发生;或某事一发生,另一事立即发生.e.g.Heshoutedaloudasheranalong.as作连词,相当于when.e.g.Asalittlegirl(whenshewasalittlegirl)shebegantolearntoplaypiano.【提醒】固定句型结构(1).过去进行时(主句)+while+过去进行时(从句)(2).一般过去时(主句)+while+过去进行时(从句)(3).过去进行时(主句)+when+一般过去时(从句)(4).一般过去时(主句)+as+一般过去时(从句)EX.()①EddiewassleepingMilliewasreadingamagazine.A.untilB.whileC.beforeD.after()②Atruefriendcanseethepaininyoureyeseveryoneelsebelievesthesmileonyourface.A.whileB.becauseC.asD.until()③Thelittlegirlstoppedcryingshefoundhermother.A.beforeB.asC.whileD.when用when,while或asWereyoulookingathim___________hewaswritingtheletter?2.Hewassmoking________hewaswaitinginhiscar.3.__________hesawher,hewaved.4.Thechildrenwererunningout__________itsuddenlybegantorainheavily.5.Whatwasyourfatherdoing___________yourmotherwascooking?6.Wasyourmotherdoinghousework_________youcameback?7.Iwastryingmybesttofinishthework_____mysisterwaswatchingTV.8.Howfastwereyougoing________thepolicemanstoppedyou?9.She__________(take)ashower__________thetelephone________(ring).10._________he_________(arrive)attheairport,hisfriends______________(wait)forhim.(二)过去进行时(1).过去进行时的概念过去进行时表示在过去某个时间或某个时间段正在进行的动作.(2).过去进行时的构成下面以动词work为例，将过去进行时的肯定式，否定式和疑问式以及简略回答列表如下：肯定式否定式I/he/she/itwasworking.I/he/she/itwasnotworking.We/you/they/wereworking.We/you/they/werenotworking.疑问式和简略答语WasIworking?Wereyouworking?Washe/she/itworking?Yes,youwere.Yes,Iwas.Yes,he/she/itwas.No,youwerenot.No,IwasnotNo,he/she/itwasnot.(3).过去进行时的用法1)表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作.Whatwereyoudoingat7p.m.yesterday?2.)表示过去某一时间段内一直正在进行的动作WewerewatchingTVfromseventoninelastnight.(4).过去进行时中常用的时间状语过去进行时可与表示过去的时间状语短语连用:atthattime,at9lastnight,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening等;也可与时间状语从句连用,:whenIsawhim,whilehewaswalking;还可以通过上下文的暗示:WewerehavinganEnglishclassatthattime.Hewasplayingwithhisclassmatesat4:30yesterdayafternoon.Wereyoudoingyourhomeworkwhenyourfathergothome?DadwascookingwhileMumwaswashingclothes.【注】1.wasnot常缩略为wasn’t,werenot=weren’t2.一般过去时和过去进行时用法的比较：一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。Davidwrotealettertohisfriendlastnight.Davidwaswritingalettertohisfriendlastnight.过去进行时与一般过去时的区别：区别一：过去进行时着重描述当时正在进行的动作，它的特点是：未完成，强调过程；一般过去时表示一个已经完成的动作，表示动作发生过，而且已经结束了，强调结果。e.g:1.Mary__________

adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.made

B.ismakingC.wasmaking

D.makes解析：wasmaking表示正在做衣服的过程，如用made则表示这一动作已结束，做衣服的动作已结束与cutherfinger就没有联系。2.He__(write)aletter，thenwenttobed．解析：wrote表示动作已结束，做另一件事，如用waswriting就与wenttobed在逻辑上相矛盾。区别二：1.过去进行时侧重表示动作的延续；2.一般过去时表示过去某时发生过某事，侧重说明事实。EX：①He__________allnightlastnight.(生动的描写，他一直写……)②He_____somethinglastnight.(说明他写了……的事实)【注】下列几类动词通常不用于进行时①表示状态的动词be；②感官动词：feel，hear，sound，look，smell，taste，等；③表示思维或心理状态的动词：believe,forget，consider(认为)，know，remember，hope，wish，want等；④表示所属关系的动词：belong，have，own，hold（容纳）等。EX:用适当形式填空①What_________you_______(do)atthistimeyesterday.②He___________(watch)TVfrom8p.m.to10p.m.I____________(play)piano.③John__________(fly)kitesintheparkat9a.m.yesterdaymorning.④Mymother________________(cook)whilemyfather_____________(read).⑤He____________(read)whilehisbrother_________(watch)TV.⑥They__________(chat)whentheirteacher_______(e)intotheclassroom.⑦What__________you___________(do)whenIknockatthedoor.I____________(wash)mycoats.⑧________thepolicemen_____________(watch)thetrafficor_________(have)arestfrom7a.m.to10a.m.?⑨Oneday,he__________(lie)onthegrassand__________(look)attheskywhenhefellasleep.单项填空()1.Ihouseworkwhenmyauntcame.A.amdoingB.didC.wasdoingD.havedone()2.Lastnight,Iputergameswhenmymotherwentintomybedroom.Youcan’timaginehowembarrassedIwasthen.A.playedB.wasplayingC.haveplayed()3.ThereportersaidthattheUFOeasttowestwhenhesawit.A.travelsB.traveledC.wastravelingD.hastraveling()4.IsawMr.Smithintheofficeatten