外研版初中英语八年级上册课件module 9 unit 3共

八年级上册9PopulationModuleUnit3LanguageinuseObjectives：Tounderstandandapplythearticles(a/an/the)andbignumbersBeijingisahugecity.Ittakesanhourtogettherebybus.That’salmostonefifthoftheworld’spopulation.Thatmakesover131.4millionbirthsayear.Languagepractice1.冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。2.冠词分为不定冠词a/an

和定冠词the两种。Articles冠词分析：a和an均用于单数可数名词之前，表示一类人或事物中的“任何”一个，相当于汉语中的“一”，但不用于强调数目的概念。不定冠词的用法

例1:Jack’sfatheris_____doctor.A.aB.anC.someD./

例2:Thereis____“f”and____“u”intheword“four”.A.an,aB.a,aC.an,anD.a,an分析：在名词前使用a或an要取决于该名词的读音。如果首字母的读音是元音因素，应用an；如果首字母的读音是辅音音素，应用a。1.a,e,i,o,u五个元音字母处于词首时，未必都是元音音素，u发音

[ju:]或[ju]前面用冠词a,u读[۸]时前面用冠词an。2.26个字母中以开头为元音音素发音的字母有：f

[ef],h[eit∫

],l[el],m[em],n[en],r[a:],s[es],x[eks]。

Thereisan“R”intheword.

ThisisaEuropeancountry.European词首字母不发音,[j]是辅音音素。

Thisisaone-eyeddog.one[w]是辅音音素。

例3:--Whynottake____friendwithyou?--That’s____goodidea.A.a,aB.the,theC.a,theD.the,a分析：使用不定冠词指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。例4:Takethemedicinethreetimes____day.A.aB.theC.anD./分析：使用不定冠词表示单位，fiftymilesanhour意为“每小时50公里”，twiceaweek意为“每周两次”。例5:Englishis_____language.Itis_____importanttool.A.a,aB.a,anC.the,anD.a,/分析：alanguage意为“一种语言”。language是可数名词。例6:______steelworkermakessteel.A./B.AC.ThisD.That分析：a(an)放于单数的可数名词前表示“一类”。该句中asteelworker是指钢铁工人。表示一类有三种方式：Abikeisslowerthanacar.Thebikeisslowerthanthecar.Bikesareslowerthancars.例7:Tomhas____highfeverandhismotherislookingafterhim.

A.aB.theC.anD./分析:

表示生什么病前应用a,haveaheadache,haveacold。例8:Marytakes____walkaftersuppereveryday.A.theB.aC./D.one分析:give,take,have与一些动词名词化的词连用，表示一次动作，名词前要加a。haveatalk(bath,look);makealiving(promise);takeaswim(walk,rest)giveatalk(whistle,smile)例9:Theoldwomanhad____fireinherroom.A.theB./C.aD.this分析:

抽象名词和物质名词的具体化时，该名词前要加a。Itisagreatjoytostudyatthiscollege.Thiskindofwoodcanmakeintogoodpaper.Hemadealivingbysellingnewspaper.例1:

Thereis___bridgeovertheriver.___bridgeismadeofstone.A.a,AB.a,TheC.the,TheD.the,A

分析:

文章中第一次出现的可数名词前用a(an)。下次再出现此名词则用the。Ihavealittlebird.Thebirdisyellow.定冠词的用法例2:___oldworkersunderthattreearefromShanghai.A.TheB.AnC.ThisD.That分析：名词后有表示范围、地点的介词短语限定时,名词前应加the来表示特指。Theboyshereareinterestedinsports.例3:____firstonesatdownandthesecondstoodup.A.TheB.AC.OneD.An分析:序数词前表示顺序时前加the。Maryisthethirdtocomein.例4:

Winteris____coldestseasonoftheyear.A.aB.theC./D.so分析:

形容词最高级前及only修饰的名词前均要加the。Maryistheonlygirlwhoisoftenlateforclass.例5:

___moonmovesaround___earth,andtheybotharesmallerthan____sun.A.The,the,theB.A,an,aC.The,an,theD.The,the,a分析:

定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的物体名词前。例6:

Welivein____southofChina.A.theB./C.aD.some

分析:

表示东、南、西、北方的名词前要加the。Thesunrisesintheeast.例7:

____BrownsarewatchingTVathomeatthemoment.A./B.TheC.Mr.D.A分析:

the放于姓氏的复数形式前时，表示一家人或一姓的夫妇二人。例8:

Hewillgotoseeyouoffat___RailwayStation.

A.aB.anC.theD./分析:

the＋普通名词构成专有名词。theUnitedStates／theUnitedNationsthePeople’sRepublicofChina例9:

Iwasplaying____pianoateightyesterdaymorning.A.aB./C.theD.this分析:

play＋乐器表示弹奏时，该乐器名词前加the。AlicelikestoplaytheviolinwhileKatelikestoplaytheflute.表示数量时可用a。Thisisanewpianoagainstthewall.例10:Ourteachergetsupearlyin____morning.A.theB./C.aD.an分析:牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句中用作时间状语。

intheafternoon(evening)／inthedaytimeatthebeginning／intheend例11:Thereisalargeshipin____middleoftheriver.A.aB./C.theD.any分析:

牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句中用作地点状语。ontheright(left)/inthefrontofinthemiddleofthemeeting/theforest/atthefootofthehill例12:Lastnightwewentto____cinema.A.theB.aC./D.those分析:

牢记一些固定搭配：gototheconcert(theatre)例13:____youngshouldcareforandhelp____old.A.The,aB.The,theC.A,theD.An,an分析:

the＋形容词（形容词名词化）表示一类人或事物。

thepoor/therich/thesick/thebeautiful例14:Thesmalltownlieson____YangtziRiver.A.aB.anC./D.the分析:

定冠词the用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛名称的前面。theDeadSea/theBlackSeatheNorthChinaPlain华北平原例1:Paperismadeof____bamboo.A.aB.theC./D.that分析:

物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。Woodcanbemadeintochairsandtables.Ironisakindofmetal.零冠词的用法

例2:

____Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.A.TheB.AC./D.That分析:

表示节日、月份的名词前一般不加the。Springiscoming.HewasborninDecember.如果表示有某年限定的季节和月份时，季节和月份前要加the。HewasbornintheSummerof1964.例3:

Wehavenoclasses____Sundays.A.theB.theseC.／

D.those分析:

表示一周中七日的名称前一般不加冠词。例4:

Istudies___Englishin___England.A./,/B.an,theC.an,anD./,the分析:

学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加冠词。learnChinese(maths,physics,chemistry)ChinaisinAsia.inGermany(Japan)inAfrica(Europe…)例5:

Theyoftentakeawalkin____HydePark.A.theB.aC./D.this分析:

在一些专有名词（地名、节假日）之前不加冠词。ChristmasDayNewYear’sEveNationalDayChildren’sDayTeachers’DayWallStreet例6:Thethiefwasthrowninto___prison.A.theB.aC.thisD./分析:

表示某一概念，而不是某具体工作的部门时，名词前不加冠词。例7:

Hedoesn’thave____breakfastathome.A.aB.theC.thisD./分析:

表示三餐的名词前不加冠词，如果前面有形容词修饰该词，表示“一顿……的饭”，可加a。haveabigsupper(nicelunch)例8:Wegotoworkby__bus.A./B.aC.theD.one分析:

表示交通工具的手段时，用by＋名词表示，该名词前不用冠词。bybike(taxi,car,train,plane,spaceship)或bysea(water,air,land)如果用介词in或on，名词前要加冠词或物主代词。例9:____runningisgood.A.TheB.AC./D.An

分析:

动名词前一般不用冠词。Walkingonthemoonisdifficult.Seeingisbelieving.例10:Theseboysplay____footballafterclass.A.aB.theC.thatD./分析:

球类、棋类、游戏名称前不加冠词。例11:Thestudentsof____GradeOnearehavingameeting.A.theseB./C.aD.an分析:名词＋数词表示顺序时，前面不加冠词the；序数词＋名词表示顺序数，序数词前加冠词the。turntopage3/thethirdpageLessonOne/thefirstlessonGateFive/thefifthGate例12:Thereisno____bookonthedesk.A.theB.aC.anD./分析:

名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或any和no时，均不再用冠词。如：nobooks,notabook,notanybooks例13:Heoftenworkslateat____night.A./B.theC.aD.all分析：表示时间或地点的一些介词＋名词的词组和一些固定词组中，均不加冠词。athome,intown,atnoon,atdaybreak,introuble,indanger,infact等。注意：有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意义有所不同。如：1)attable

在吃饭

atthetable

在桌子旁2)inclass

在上课

intheclass

在班级中3)gotoschool

去上学

gototheschool到那所学校去4)gotobed

上床睡觉

gotothebed

到床那边去5)infrontof

在…的前面(外部)inthefrontof

在…的前部(内部)1.表示一类人或事物中的“任何”一个，相当于汉语中“一”，但不用于强调数目的概念。2.指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。3.表示单位。4.表示“一类”。不定冠词的用法Summary1.文章中第一次出现的可数名词前用a/an。下次再出现此名词时用the。2.名词后有表示范围、地点的介词短语限定时。3.序数词前表示顺序时。4.形容词最高级前及only修饰的名词前。5.定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的物体名词前。定冠词的用法6.表示东、南、西、北方的名词前7.姓氏的复数形式前时,表示一家人

或一姓的夫妇二人。8.the＋普通名词构成专有名词。9.play＋乐器表示弹奏时，该乐器名词前加the。10.the＋形容词（形容词名词化）表示一类人或事物。11.定冠词the用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛名称的前面。1.物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。2.表示节日、月份的名词前一般不加the。3.表示一周中七日的名称前一般不加冠词。4.学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加冠词。5.在一些专有名词（地名、节假日）之前不加冠词。6.表示某一概念，而不是某具体工作的部门时，名词前不加冠词。7.表示三餐的名词前不加冠词。零冠词的用法8.表示交通工具的手段时，用by＋名词表示，该名词前不用冠词。9.动名词前一般不用冠词。10.球类、棋类、游戏名称前不加冠词。11.名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或any和no时，均不再用冠词。12.表示时间或地点的一些介词＋名词的词组和一些固定词组中，均不加冠词。13.家庭成员的称呼、称呼语或只一人担任的职务名词前不用冠词。在英语中，对于万以上的数字，我们该如何表达呢？这就要记住英语数字读法特点。以下面一个数字为例：6，500，431，729hundredthousandmillionbillion注意每三个数为一个单位，按照百、十、个向下读。大数字的表达方法6，500，431，729sevenhundredandtwenty-ninethousandmillionbillionsixbillion,fivehundredmillion,fourhundredandthirty-onethousand,hundred

1.Workinpairs.Matchthecountrieswiththeirpopulations.1Chinaa)4,437,0002theUSAb)22,956,0003Australiac)314,791,0004NewZealandd)1,370,537,000Whenyouseeatableorachart,lookcarefullyatthelabelsandgraphstomakesurethatyouunderstandwhattheyareshowing.Lookatthechartbelow.Whatisitcomparing?Whatcanyouconclude?Learningtolearn2.ReadyouranswerstoActivity1tothewhole

class.Chinahasapopulationof…Nowlistenandcheck.3.Readthechartandanswerthequestions.1Whichcityhadthelargestpopulationin2000?2Whichcity’spopulationwillincreasethemost

from2000to2025?Tokyohadthelargestpopulationin2000.Mumbai'spopulationwillincreasethemostfrom2000to2025.3Whichcitywillhavealargerincreaseinits

population,NewYorkorMexicoCity?4Whichcity/citiesdoyouthinkwillhave

thebiggestpopulationproblem?Why?MexicoCity.IthinkMumbaiwillhavethebiggestpopulationproblembecauseitspopulationwillincreasethefastest.4Completethepassagewitha,anorthe

wherenecessary.Minais(1)____eighteen-year-oldgirl.Shehasgot(2)____brotherand(3)_____sister.Minais(4)___oldestchildin(5)____family.Shelivesin(6)____verybigcity.Shehas(7)______jobin(8)_____hotel.Shehopesthatonedayshewillhave(9)_____chancetogoto(10)_____college.aanathetheaaaa/5Completethesentenceswiththecorrect

formofthewordsinthebox.

fewgoodmuchsmall1WebelievetheschoolsinArnwickareverygood,andweareworkingtomakethemeven_______.2Theirflatistoolargefortwopeople.Theywanttofinda_______one.3Annaalwaystalksaboutherideas.Ithinksheneedstolisten_______.4Therearealotofparksinthiscity.Ithinkthereare_______parksinalotofothercities.bettersmallermorefewer6Completethediagramshowingpopulationproblems.Usethewordsintheboxtohelpyou.aircitycountrysidehospitalincreasepublicservicetrafficwaterProblemsofArnwickProblems:Population___________Peoplearrivein_________thecityincreasesPeoplemovefrom_______thecountrysideEnvironmentalproblemsExamples:______________________________________________________HealthproblemsExample:______________________________ProblemsforthegovernmentExamples:___________________________________________________________________________________________________①airpollutionwaterpollutiontoomuchtrafficrubbish③②notenoughhospitalsneedmoreschoolsandbusesneedbetterpublicservicesneedmorepolicetoprotectpeople7Completethepassagewiththewordsinthebox.

countryside pollutionpopulationspacetrafficOurworldisfacingmanyproblems.Twoofthebiggestareincreasingpopulationandpollution.The(1)_____________oftheworldisincreasingquickly.Whyisthishappening?Becausemorebabiesareborneveryyearandpopulationpeoplealsolivelonger.Manypeopleareleavingthe(2)_________toworkinthecities,butthereisnotenough(3)__________forsomanypeople.Anotherhugeproblemfortheworldis(4)__________.Thereissomuch(5)________ontheroadsthatinsomecitiestheairisheavilypolluted.Weshouldworkhardertoprotectourworld.countrysidespacepollutiontrafficallovertheworldcloseddowninthefutureittakesnot…anymore 8

Completethesentenceswiththeexpressionsinthebox.1Growingpopulationisaproblem________________________.2ThepopulationofChinamaygrowmoreslowly

.3Thesupermarket

whenabiggeroneopenedinthetown.allovertheworldinthefuturecloseddown4Usually

anhourtogettherebybus.5Thetownhadalotofpopulationinthepastbutitis

aproblem

.ittakesnotanymore9Listenandchoosethebestsummary.

Itischeapertoshareacarthantohavea

personalcar.b)Peopleinacarclubdonotoftentake

buses,trainsortheunderground.c)TherearenocarclubsintheUS.d)Joiningcarclubsisgoodforyouandforthecity.√10Listenagainandchoosethecorrectanswer.1Joiningacarclubischeaper/moreexpensive

thanhavingapersonalcar.2Peopleincarclubspayfor/donotpayforacarwhentheydrive.3Peopleincarclubssometimes/nevertakeabusorrideabike.4Peopleincarclubsprobablyare/arenot

healthier.11Workinpairsanddiscussthisquestion.DoyouthinkcarclubswouldbepopularinChina?Why/Whynot?Inmyopinion,carclubs…AroundtheworldWorldpopulationandwaterWithmoreandmorepeopleintheworld,moreandmorewaterisused.Infact,wateruseisgrowingmorethantwiceasfastastheworld’spopulation!Asaresult,gettinggood,cleanwaterisingaprobleminmanyplaces.Alotofwaterispollutedandinmanyareaspeoplehavetowalkalongwaytogetcleanwaterfordailyuse.Morethan3.4millionpeopledieeachyearfromdrinkingandwashingwithpollutedwater.Solet’sdoeverythingwecantostopthepollutionandsavewater.12Workingroups.Preparetomakeyourgraph.

Chooseacountryortownwhichinterestsyou.Itcouldbeyourhometown.Decidethetimeyouwanttolookat—forexample,now,tenyearsagoandtenyearsfromnow.Researchthepopulationofyourplaceinthoseyears.Writeyournotescarefully.Moduletask:Makingagraph13Makeyourgraph.Decidehowyouwanttomakeyourgraph.Drawitandcolourit.Youcanalsomakeitonthecomputer.Labelitclearly.14Writeaparagraphtodescribeyourgraph.ThenPresentyourgraphtotheclass.PairworkBeijingisahugecity.

北京是一个大都市。

huge在这里表示“大的，巨大的”。另外表示“大的”还有“big,tall,vast,large,great”等。

⑴说人、动物、树木等有生命的东西，主要用tall不用high例如atallwoman一个高个子妇女

atallhorse一个高大的马Languagepoints⑵说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时，要用

high，而不用tall。比如人站在桌子上时，飞机飞上天时。例如

Heishighupinthetree.

他高高地爬在树上。

Theplaneissohighinthesky.

飞机在空中这么高。⑶指建筑物、山时要tall或high都可以，不过

high的程度比tall高。⑷high可作副词，tall不能。⑸tall的反义词为short,high的反义词为low。e.g.Ourfactoryisabig/largeone.

我们的工厂很大。（1）在表示物体重量、人的身高大或长大了时，只能用big。

e.g.Theboxistoobigtocarry.

这个盒子太大，拿不了。（2）在表示数量时，用large,不用big。

e.g.Alargenumberofpeoplecamefromallpartsofthecountrytoseetheexhibition.

从全国各地来了很多人观看展览。big和large都可表示具体事物形体或面积的大小,往往可以互换但big较口语化。E.g.TherehavebeenmanygreatpresidentsinAmericanhistory.美国历史上有很多伟大的总统。在表示抽象意思时,有也可用big,但great更为正式。e.g.Great/Bigchangeshavetakenplaceinourcountryinrecentyears.

近几年来我们国家发生了很大变化。great的意思是“大、伟大的”多用于抽象意思。在修饰具体事物时带有一定的感情色彩。vast常用来指“广袤无垠的”、“面积广阔的”。e.g.avastforest,avastsea,avastdesert,vastdarkness等。huge指“巨大的”，往往指体积。e.g.ahugestone,ahugebuilding等。Exercises用a,an,/,the完成下列句子。1.____Knowledgeispower.2.Iearn10dollars_____houras_____supermarketcashieronSaturdays.3.Theteacheraskedustowrite_____800-word-longcomposition.4.Imet_______Jay,butnot____oneyouknow./anaanathe5.Theyaretwins,sotheyareof_____age.6.Hehas_____finecollectionofpaintings.7.Idon’twanttohavewordswithyou.Iprefertohave____wordwithyou.anaaHavewordswithsb.与某人吵架Haveawordwithsb.与某人谈话1.Beijinghasgot

populationofmorethan13.8million.A.theB.a C.an D./2.The_____trafficstoppedmefromgoingtoschoolontimeyesterday.Iwaslate!A.heavy B.crowdedC.fastD.quick选择题BA3.Mrs.Whiteisn’tfeelingwellthesedays.Shehasmade_____withthedoctoratthreethisafternoon.A.amovement B.aninterviewC.aquarrelD.anappointment4.Idon’tlikethosebigcitieswhichhavegot____peopleand____traffic.A.toomuch;toomanyB.manytoo;toom