定语从句讲解

定语从句1.It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation_____theycanseethemselvesdifferently.(09福建)thatB.whenC.whichD.where2.Ihavereachedapointinmylife_____Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown..(09浙江)A.whichB.whereC.howD.why3.Aftergraduation,shereachedapointinhercareer____sheneededtodecidewhattodo.(07江西)A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcases____beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly..(07陕西)A.whichB.whereC.howD.why5.We’rejusttryingtoreachapoint_____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.(06山东)A.whereB.thatC.whichD.when6.Icanthinkofmanycases___studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.(03上海)A.whichB.whereC.howD.why7.Hehasgothimselfintoadangeroussituation____heislikelytolosecontroloftheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why----Whatabeautifulplace!----Thisisthepark____thebest.A.whereIlikeB.thatIlikeC.whatIlikeD.IlikeitBExercises2.____holdthespecialcardwillbefreeofchargeforthisbook.A.PeopleB.ThosepeopleC.ThoseonesD.ThosewhoD3.Thedays____Ispentinthecountrysideinmychildhoodwasthehappiesttime____Ihadeverhadinmylife.A.when;whenB.where;thatC.that;whichD.that;thatD4.Heisthesameteacher____spokeatthemeetingontheopeningceremony.A.asB.whomC.thatD.whoC5.Thesecondbook____IwanttoreadisTravelsinChinabyRewiAlley.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.asC6.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch______wasadvertised(登广告）onTV.A.thatB.asC.whichD.it7.Iknowthegirl_____motherisafriendofmine.A.whoseB.whoC.whichD.ofwhom

B

A8.Haveyouseenthefilm“Titanic”,_____leadingactorisworldfamous?itsB.it’sC.whoseD.which(上海2000)9.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,_______personally（个人地）Idoubt(怀疑）verymuch.A.itB.thatC.whenD.which（NMET1999)CD1.ThegirlisJim’ssister.Wesawheryesterday.2.Let’sasktheman.Heisreadingthebookoverthere.Thegirl(that)wesawyesterdayisJim’ssister.Let’saskthemanthat/whoisreadingthebookoverthere.3.Theyplantedthetrees.Thetreesdidn’tneedmuchwater.4.Thefishwerenotfresh.Weboughtthefishyesterday.Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.Thefish(which)weboughtyesterdaywerenotfresh.5.TheforeignerisfromCanada.Hevisitedourschoolyesterday.6.TheboyiscalledMichael.Hebrokethewindow.TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledMichael.1.Iaminterestedineverything

thatIdon’tknow.2.ETisaboutayoungboycalledElliotwhomakesfriendswithasmallcreaturefromouterspaceandhelpshimtofindawaytogohome.3.Jawsisaboutabigwhiteshark

thatattacksswimmers

whoarespendingtheirholidaysinasmallvillagebythesea.4.Manypeople

whosawthefilmwereafraidtoswimintheseawhentheyrememberedthescenes

inwhichpeoplewereeatenbytheshark.5.InChinastudentslearnEnglishatschoolasaforeignlanguage,exceptforthoseinHongKong,wheremanypeoplespeakEnglishasafirstorasecondlanguage.6.Thereason

whyhecouldnotgotherewasthathisgradesweretoolow.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。先行词：代词或名词关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的作用：1.引导定语从句2.代替先行词3.在定语从句中充当成分定语从句：限制性定语从句；非限制性定语从句

词形

所指充当从句的

关系代词

who人主、宾、

whom人宾

which物/整句意思主、宾、

that人或物主、宾、表

as人或物主、宾、表whose(=ofwhom或=ofwhich)人或物定关系副词when(=in等+which)时间词状where(=in等+which)地点词状why(=forwhich)reason状如何判断关系词？

a.先行词

b.确定关系词/先行词在从句中做何成分e.g.ThisisthehousewhereIworked2yearsago.Thisisthehouse（that/which/省略）

Ivisited.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.I’llneverforgettheday（that/which/省略）

wespenttogether.1.that(person/object/matter)1)

a.序数词thefirst/last/nexte.g.HarryPotteristhefirstEnglishnovelthathehasread.

b.形容词最高级:thebest,themost,thehigheste.g.ETisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.

c.

theonly,theverye.g.Iliketodrivetheverycarthatyoudroveyesterday2)不定代词:nothing,all,little,much,all,every,few,any,no,none,some,something,everything,anythinge.g.Everythingthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Mostoftheparentswilldoanythingthattheycanfortheirchildren.Hehaslostallthathehasgot.Youcansellanybookthatyoudon’tknow?3)主句以

who/which开头e.g.Whoistheboythatspoketoyoujustnow?

Whichisthebikethatyoulost?4)先行词有人也有物时e.g.Doyouknowthethingsandpeoplethattheyaretalkingabout?Thebikeanditsriderthathadrunoveranoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.2.who/whom/whosee.g.Heistheonlymanwhocansolvetheproblem.Themanwhomyoumetinthesupermarketisafamouspoet.Iknowaboywhosefatherisanactor.Weliveinaroomwhosewindowsfacethesouth.Weliveinaroomthewindowsofwhichfacethesouth.3.which(objects)e.g.Thefilmwhichwesawlastmonthwasveryinteresting.Thisisthehouseinwhichhelivedtenyearsago./Thisisthehousewhichhelivedintenyearsago.Hetriedtocatchthattiger,whichwasimpossible.Hesaidhehadneverseenherbefore,whichwasnottrue.4.when(time)e.g.Octoberhereisamonthwhentheweatheriscool.ShecameonthedaywhenIwenttoattendthemeeting.5.where(place)e.g.ThisisaplacewhereIgrewup.Hehasgonehomewherehewillstayforamonth.6.why(reason)

e.g.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslate?That’sthereasonwhyhedidn’tattendthemeeting.7.ase.g.1).Heisnotsuchacleverboyashelooks.Ihavethesametroubleasyou(have).2).ThisisthesamepenthatIlost.ThisisthesamepenasIlost.3).ThisissuchaneasyquestionasIcananswer.ThisissuchaneasyquestionthatIcananswerit.非限制定语从句中的as,which4).Asisreportedinthenewspaper,Saddamhasletinspectorscometoinspect.

Asisknowntoall,SARSisakindofdeadlydisease.Hetriedtocatchthattiger,whichwasimpossible.1.Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,____wastrue.(NMET2001)heB.thisC.whichD.who2.____isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.ItB.AsC.ThatD.WhatCB3.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.whatB.whichC.thatD.it4.____ismentionedabove,thenumberofstudentsinseniorschoolsisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.ItBB8.Notice:1)介词＋关系词基本结构：介词+which/whom①如何添加介词？HegavemeapenwithwhichIcouldunderlinethekeypointsinthetext.Weneedtakethemapwithoutwhichwemaybelost.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.②

that可做介词的宾语，但介词不可放在that前面：e.g.Thewomanthatyoutalkedtojustnowishismother.(正)Thewomantothatyoutalkedjustnowishismother.(误)

that不能引导非限定性定语从句③“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,,each,few,等代词或数词。Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.④复合介词短语+which引导定语从句，常用倒装结构。Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree.⑤介词+which/whom+todoThepoormanhasnohouseinwhichtolive.=Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive.2)主谓一致：

e.g.Thegunwhichwaslosthasbeenfound.Thegunswhichwerelosthavebeenfound.TitanicisoneofthemostwonderfulmoviesthathavebeenproducedinHollywood.Titanicisthe(only)

oneofthemostwonderfulmoviesthathasbeenproducedinHollywood.3)关系词的省略a.作及物动词宾语时e.g.Thepeople(who,whom,that)wemetatthepartywereveryfriendlytous.

b.作介词宾语时且介词放句尾e.g.Heistheman(that,who,whom)youhavebeenlookingfor.Iwanttotakeaphotoofthegirlthat/who/whom/省略/mymothertakescareof./looksafter.Heisthemanforwhomyouhavebeenlooking.c.在从句中做表语e.g.Shanghaiisnolongerthecity(that)itusedtobe.d.在先行词为way时e.g.Idon’tliketheway(that,inwhich,省略)youtalktosomebodyelse.

4)定语从句与强调句：Itistheplacewheretheylivedbefore.Itisintheplacethattheylivedbefore.Where

isitthathefoundthelostwatch?Whereisthewatchthathefoundyesterday？5.定语从句与并列结构

Hehastwosons,neitherofwhomlookslikehim.

Hehastwosons,andneitherofthemlookslikehim.

Hehastwosons.Neitherofthemlookslikehim.

第一个句子为定语从句，关系代词whom指代twosons,在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。第二个句子为并列结构，由并列连词and连接，人称代词them指代twosons。第三个为两个独立的句子，两个句子中间用句号，两句开头处的第一个字母都大写。

6.注意theway后接定语从句的情况that/which/inwhich/不填1.Theway______________heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.2.Theway_____________heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.归纳：当way作为先行词，在从句中作状语时，引导词可用that/inwhich/不填；在从句中作宾语时，属于定语从句的一般情况。that/which/不填that/inwhich/不填当先行词为situation,case,point,stage，position,degree时，并且在从句中作状语，则用where引导定语从句Theaccidenthasreachedapointwhereboththeirparentsaretobecalledin.Youcan’timaginethesituationwhereIwas.Itwasterriblydangerous.Correctthesentences:

1.ThatisthelastplacewhenIwanttogoto._______

*2.Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy._______*3.Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable.___________

that________

why（定语从句中缺原因状语）it(并列句）

4.Thoseatthedeskwanttobuyticketswritedownyournames._______5.Thatwasthereasonbecauseshelookedold._______6.MissChenistheonlyoneofthefewteacherswhogiveuswonderfulEnglishlessonsinourschool._______7.Taiwan,thatweknow,belongstoChina._______aswho_____________giveswhy

（定语从句中缺原因状语）^

8.Itistheonlyoneofthebestfilmsthathavebeenshownrecently._______9.ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou._______10.Whichisknowntoall,manysatellitearegoingaroundinthesky._______11.Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous._______that_________hasAsthat________12.Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom._______13.IstillremembertheholidaysIstayedwiththem._______14.Whoistheworkerwhotooksomepicturesofthefactory._____15.ThebikebywhichItravelledwashis._______16.Whichisthebookwhichshewantstoborrow?______as___that__on____^

whenthat_____1.Isthisfactory____youvisitedtheotherday?2.Isthisthefactory____youvisitedtheotherday?3.Isthisthefactory____thesekindsofbikesaremade?A.whereB.thatC.theoneD.inthatCBAExercises4.Itisintheoldhouse____hisgrandparentslivedthatheislivingnow.5.Itistheoldhou