叙述法109-113 时态资料

叙述法(109-113)直接叙述法及间接叙述法的不同时态的变化Maysaid,“Ilikelisteningtopopmusic.”>Maysaid(that)shelikedlisteningtopopmusic.Thestudentanswered,“Anhourconsistsofsixtyminutes.”>Thestudentanswered(that)anhourconsistsofsixtyminutes.不变的事实Helenanswered,“Therainhasstopped.”>Helenanswered(that)therainhadstopped.人称代名词的变化Shealwayssays,“Idon’tlikemyhairstyle.”Shealwayssays(that)shedoesn’tlikeherhairstyle.Isaidtoher,“I’msorryyoudon’tunderstandme.”Itoldher(that)Iwassorryshedidn’tunderstandme.Shesaid,＂Ireadthisbook.”Shesaid(that)shehadreadthatbook.时间,地点等的变化now>thentoday>thatdayyesterday>thedaybefore,thepreviousdaylastnight>thenightbefore,thepreviousnightlastyear>theyearbefore,thepreviousyeartomorrow>thenextday,thefollowingdaynextweek>thenextweek,thefollowingweek~ago>~beforehere>there注意直接叙述句>间接叙述句主词+say(said)to人>主词+tell(told)人(that)直述句补充连接词(that)(可省)代名词须改变,如my>her改为间接叙述句,注意时态副词,如now>thenMr.Wangsaidtome,“Youwillbeabletogetafreeconcertticketatthecharitybazaartomorrow.”>Mr.Wangtoldme(that)Iwoundbeabletogetafreeconcertticketatthecharitybazaarthefollowingday.直述句的间接叙述句say(said)>say(said)(that)say(said)to人>tell(told)人(that)Shesaid,“I’mgoingtoquitmyjob.”Shesaid(that)shewasgoingtoquitherjob.Shesaidtome,“Icangotothemovieswithyoutomorrow.”Shetoldme(that)shecouldgotothemovieswithmethenextday/thefollowing.疑问句的间接叙述句主词+say(toA),“WH问句?”>主词+ask(A)+疑问词+主词+动词注:(that)存在但99%省Tomsaidtoher,“HowcanIgettoyourhousefromhere?”Tomaskedherhowhecouldgettoherhousefromthere.Mybosssaid,“Whocalledmeupthismorning?”Mybossaskedwhohadcalledhimupthatmorning.主词+say(toA),“YES/NO问句?”>主词ask(A)if/whether+主词+动词Isaidtohim,“Areyougoingabroad?”Iaskedhimif/whetherhewasgoingabroad.Hesaidtome,“Haveyoueverseenapanda?”Heaskedmeif/whetherIhadeverseenapanda.Shesaidtotheclerk,“Isthissweaterknitbyhandorbymachine?”Sheaskedtheclerkwhetherthatsweaterwasknitbyhandorbymachine.knit-knitted/knit–knitted/knit–knitting祈使句的间接叙述句命令:tell,order,command等要求:ask,beg,request等劝告:advise等提议:suggest,propose等禁止:forbid,prohibit等主词saytoA,“命令句”>主词tellAtoV…主词saytoA,“Don’t/NeverV…”>主词tellAnot/nevertoV…Mothersaidtome,“Comebackhomebyfive.”Mothertellmetocomebackhomebyfive.Myfathersaidtome,“Don’tgiveupyourhope.”Myfathertoldmenottogiveupmyhope.Hissecretarysaidtome,“Pleasecallbackafterlunch.”Hissecretaryasked/toldmetocallbackafterlunch.ask比tell语气强order,command,request,suggest等后接that子句that子句若接在表“建议，要求，命令”等意义的动词之后，that不可省，但句中的should可省,但其后动词仍用原形Hesaidtome,“Youshouldgiveupsmoking.”Headvisedmetogiveupsmoking.Shesaid,“Let’sgoforawalk.”Shesuggestedthatwe(should)goforawalk.表示禁止的否定祈使句,用forbid,prohibit等Theteachersaidtous,“Don’tleaveyourseats.”>Theteacherforbadeustoleaveourseats.(forbidsb.todo)>Theteacherforbadeourleavingseats.(forbid+一件事)>Theteacherprohibitedusfromleavingourseats.(prohibitsb.fromdoing)forbid–forbade/forbad–forbidden-forbidding感叹句的间接叙述句感叹句中可加very,really等副词动词可改为cry(大叫),exclaim(大叫),shout(吼叫),sigh(叹息)伴随动词的副词有:gladly(高兴地),regretfully(遗憾地),bitterly(苦地),withjoy(欢喜地),withdelight(兴奋地),withrelief(松口气地)with+名词=副词Ms.Leesaid,“Whatagoodideayouhave!”Ms.Leesaid(that)Ihadaverygoodidea.Ms.Leeshouted(that)Ihadagoodidea.Ms.LeesaidwithjoyIhadaverygoodidea.Shesaid,“Howconvenienton-lineshoppingis!”Sheexclaimedwithdelighthowconvenienton-lineshoppingwas.Shesaid(that)on-lineshoppingwasveryconvenient.重点表达祈愿时,雷同感叹句,都是在加强情绪的表达,常用pray,express(wish)等动词Hesaid,“MayGodhelpus!”HeprayedthatGodmighthelpthem.HeexpressedhiswishthatGodmighthelpthem.合句的间接叙述句由and,but,or等对等连接词所连接的两个子句,叫合句Hesaid(that)shewassickandthatshewouldgotoadoctor.第一个that可省,第二个that不可省Hesaid,“Sheisout,butshewillbebacksoon.”Hesaid(that)shewasoutbutthatshewouldbebacksoon.第一个that可省,第二个that不可省Thegirlsaidtome,“Thesedancersarrivedhereyesterday,andtheywillperformonstagethisevening.”Thegirltoldme(that)thosedancershadarrivedtherethedaybeforeandthattheywouldperformonstagethatevening.”注意对等连接词为for或as,保留for或as,不可添加thatMomsaid,“Daddoesn’tknowit,ashehasnotheardofit.”Momsaid(that)Daddidn’tknowit,ashehadnotheardofit.重点祈使句,and/or…的间接叙述句,仍保留and/or,不用that另外,也可用if或unless改写Hesaidtome,“Getupatonce,oryouwillbelate.”Hetoldmetogetupatonce,orIwoundbelate.Hetoldme(that)IwouldbelateunlessIgotupatonce.Hetoldme(that)IfIgotupatonce,Iwoundnotbelate.Shesaidtome,“Washmycar,andI’llgiveyoutendollars.”Shetoldmetowashhercar,andshewouldgivemetendollars.Shetoldme(that)ifIwashedhercar,shewoundgivemetendollars.Shetoldme(that)shewouldn’tgivemetendollarsunlessIwashedhercar.复句的间接叙述句只遵循最基本的间接叙述句规则即可Shesaidtome,“IgavehimabigboxofchocolatesbecauseIlikehim.”Shetoldme(that)shehadgivenhimabigboxofchocolatesbecauseshelikedhim.Joesaidtome,“Doyouthinkthatshewillhelpme?”Joeaskedmewhether/ifIthought(that)shewouldhelphim.有两个句子时的间接叙述句HesaidtoGrace,“Youarelatehe