考研英语阅读基础版

35-45Whorfcametobelieveinasortoflinguisticdeterminismwhich，initsstrongestfrom，statesthatlanguageimprisonsthemind，andthatthegrammaticalpatternsinalanguagecanproducefarreachingconsequencesforthecultureofasociety.（2004）Butthat，Pearsonpointsout，isonlythestartofman-machineintegration:“Itwillbethebeginningofthelongprocessofintegrationthatwillultimatelyleadtoafullyelectronichumanbeforetheendofthenextcentur.（2001）1999年passage5(46词50词Itisentirelyreasonableforauditorstobelievethatscientistswhoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthereshouldnotbedistractedbythenecessityofkeepingoneeye35-45Whorfcametobelieveinasortoflinguisticdeterminismwhich，initsstrongestfrom，statesthatlanguageimprisonsthemind，andthatthegrammaticalpatternsinalanguagecanproducefarreachingconsequencesforthecultureofasociety.（2004）Butthat，Pearsonpointsout，isonlythestartofman-machineintegration:“Itwillbethebeginningofthelongprocessofintegrationthatwillultimatelyleadtoafullyelectronichumanbeforetheendofthenextcentur.（2001）1999年passage5(46词50词Itisentirelyreasonableforauditorstobelievethatscientistswhoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthereshouldnotbedistractedbythenecessityofkeepingoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope.Nor,ifregularityandconformitytoastandardpatternareasdesirabletothescientistasthewritingofhispaperswouldappeartoreflect,ismanagementtobeblamedfordiscriminatingagainstthe"oddballs"amongresearchersinfavorofmoreconventionalthinkerswho"workwellwiththeteam."201045015Thegrowthoflimitedliabilitycompaniesresultedin theseparationofcapitalfromtheownershipofcapitalbytheemergenceofcapitalandlabourastwotheparticipationofshareholdersinmunicipalThegrowthofthelimitedliabilitycompanyandmunicipalbusinesshadimportantconsequences.Suchlarge,impersonalmanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatly 80.20% 51 68.70%74.35% 23.32% thenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anelementinnationalrepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesoftheandalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anelementinnationalrepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesoftheandalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementof1、主干---三步 句型结1、主干---2、动词（谓语；非谓语 dancingW+无词义，不做成分：thatif,,Whiletalkingtoyou,yourcould-beemployerisdecidingwhetheryoureducation,experience,andotherqualificationswillpayhimtoemployyouandyour"wares"andmustbedisplayedinanorderlyandreasonablyconnected Inmakingablueprintforajob,beginwithyourself,forwhenyouknowexactlywhathavetooffer,youcanintelligentlyplanwheretosellyour963110thenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anelementinnationalrepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners;andalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.ReadingComprehension1、主干---三步 句型结1thenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anelementinnationalrepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners;andalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.ReadingComprehension1、主干---三步 句型结1、主干---2、动词（谓语；非谓语 dancingW+无词义，不做成分：thatif,,Whiletalkingtoyou,yourcould-beemployerisdecidingwhetheryoureducation,experience,andotherqualificationswillpayhimtoemployyouandyour"wares"andmustbedisplayedinanorderlyandreasonablyconnected Inmakingablueprintforajob,beginwithyourself,forwhenyouknowexactlywhathavetooffer,youcanintelligentlyplanwheretosellyour963110 53.Accordingtothepassage,onemustwriteanaccountofhimselfbeforestartingto 53.Accordingtothepassage,onemustwriteanaccountofhimselfbeforestartingtofindabecause thatisthefirststeptopleasethethatistherequirementoftheitenableshimtoknowwhentosellhisitforceshimtobecomeclearlyawareof96-1Youcanmakeamentalblueprintofadesireasyouwouldmakeablueprintofaandeachofusiscontinuallymakingtheseblueprintsinthegeneralroutineofeveryday 像…一样 当….时；因为；尽00- Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutitsadvocatesareaimingat,for,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedas believe( girl obvious obvious adj/ that/ 00- Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutitsadvocatesareaimingat,for,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedas 10-1Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortyimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-cityabookontheOnSundaymorning,wecometoXDFtostudyInmakingablueprintforajob,beginwithyourself,forwhenyouknowexactlywhat长难句阅读ReadingComprehension 1）状语从句 I young,Icouldplay 53.Accordingtothepassage,onemustwriteanaccountofhimselfbeforestarting 53.Accordingtothepassage,onemustwriteanaccountofhimselfbeforestartingtofindabecause thatisthefirststeptopleasethethatistherequirementoftheitenableshimtoknowwhentosellhisitforceshimtobecomeclearlyawareof96-1Youcanmakeamentalblueprintofadesireasyouwouldmakeablueprintofaandeachofusiscontinuallymakingtheseblueprintsinthegeneralroutineofeveryday 像…一样 当….时；因为；尽00- Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutitsadvocatesareaimingat,for,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal宾语从句 believe( girl主语从句 obvious obvious adj/ that/ 00- Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutitsadvocatesareaimingat,for,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal. 10-1Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortyimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-city宾语abookontheOnSundaymorning,wecometoXDFtostudyInmakingablueprintforajob,beginwithyourself,forwhenyouknowexactlywhathavetooffer,youcanintelligentlyplanwheretosellyour长难句阅读Reading 句型结1）状语从句 I young,Icouldplay school home ,Istarttowatch homework school home ,Istarttowatch homework,I 2、S，V+I，when Iwas We，on Sundaymorning,go school.I home ,starttowatchI homework, He Surprisingly Shanghai,which amoving Shanghai,amoving IcouldplayfootballI youngWe school, IstarttowatchTV home I watchTV, He alive,SurprisinglyIloveShanghai,whichis IloveShanghai,amovingcity.2、S，——V+ 经典老歌： onceWhenIwasyoung,I’dlistentotheradio,waitingformyfavoritesong 2003年 ,Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit'sthat2004年 HuntingforajoblatelastyeardatabaseonthelawyerGantRedmonstumbledacrossCareerBuilder a英语二2012Butwithhomeworkcountingfornomorethan10%oftheirgrades studentscaneasilyhalftheirhomeworkandseeveylittledifferenceontheirreportS, 2003年Physicians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopein Sundaymorning school Sundaymorning school home ,Istarttowatch homework,I 2、S，VI I couldplayWe Sundaymorning, schoolI home ,starttowatchI, homework,start He, Surprisingly, Shanghai,which amoving Shanghai,amoving Icouldplayfootball I youngWe school, SundaymorningIstarttowatchTV home I watchTV, He alive,SurprisinglyIloveShanghai,whichis amovingcityIloveShanghai,amovingcity.2、S，——V+ 经典老歌： onceWhenIwasyoung,I’dlistentotheradio,waitingformyfavoritesong , 2003年Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit'sthat2004年 Huntingforajoblatelastyear, lawyerGantRedmonstumbledacrossCareerBuilder, ajobdatabaseontheInternet.英语二2012Butwithhomeworkcountingfornomorethan10%oftheirgrades, studentscaneasilyskiphalftheirhomeworkandseeveylittledifferenceontheirreportcards.S, 2003年Physicians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinpatient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondpatient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientifically1999 But,forasmallgroupofstudents,professionaltrainingmightbethewaytogowell-developedskills,allotherfactorsbeingequal,canbethedifferencebetweenhavingajobandnot. ，S+V+O+（since连词）+S, S+V+O, 2001年Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsspellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofhead-scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.实错误，拼写或语法错误，和这些低层次发现交织在一起的还有许多令人挠头的困惑，譬2003年 Inrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingintosupersystems英语 2010年In1968,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurySelectionandServiceAct,usheringaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthe英语 2012年Firmsarenowstudyinghowgenesinteract,lookingforcorrelationsthatmightbeuseddeterminethecausesofdiseaseorpredictadrug’s英语 2012年Afederalappealscourtoverturnedthepriordecision,rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldholdpatentstotwogenesthathelpforecastawoman'sriskofbreast ，S+V+O, ， patient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondpatient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientifically1999 But,forasmallgroupofstudents,professionaltrainingmightbethewaytogosincewell-developedskills,allotherfactorsbeingequal,canbethedifferencebetweenhavingaand ，S+V+O+（since连词）+S, S+V+O, 2001年Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofhead-scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.2003年 Inrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingintosupersystemscausingheightenedconcernsabout英语 2010年In1968,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurySelectionandServiceAct,usheringinaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthejury.英语 2012年Firmsarenowstudyinghowgenesinteract,lookingforcorrelationsthatmightbeusedtodeterminethecausesofdiseaseorpredictadrug’sefficacy.英语 2012年Afederalappealscourtoverturnedthepriordecision,rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholdpatentstotwogenesthathelpforecastawoman'sriskofbreastcancer. ，S+V+O, ， 英语 2012年Whennurserycolours英语 2012年Whennurserycolourswere ,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemorecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwith ，S+V+O, ， 1996passage3Inthelasthalfofthenineteenthcentury"capital"and"labour"wereenlargingandperfectingtheirrivalorganisationsonmodernlines.Manyanoldfirmwasreplacedbyalimitedliabilitycompanywithabureaucracyofsalariedmanagers.Thechangemetthetechnicalrequirementsofthenewagebyengagingalargeprofessionalelementandpreventedthedeclineinefficiencythatsocommonlyspoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirmsinthesecondandthirdgenerationaftertheenergeticfounders.Therailwaycompanies,thoughstillprivatebusinessmanagedforthebenefitofshareholders,wereveryunlikeoldfamilybusiness.Suchlarge,impersonalmanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatlyincreasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anelementinnationalliferepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners;andalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.TownslikeBournemouthandEastbournespranguptohouselarge"comfortable"classeswhohadretiredontheirincomes,andwhohadnorelationtotherestofthecommunityexceptthatofdrawingdividendsandoccasionallyattendingashareholders'meetingtodictatetheirorderstothemanagement.The"shareholders"assuchhadnoknowledgeofthelives,thoughtsorneedsoftheworkmenemployedbythecompanyinwhichheheldshares,andhisinfluenceontherelationsofcapitalandlabourwasnotgood.Thepaidmanageractingforthecompanywasinmoredirectrelationwiththemenandtheirdemands,butevenhehadseldomthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhichtheemployerhadoftenhadunderthemorepatriarchalsystemoftheoldfamilybusinessnowpassingIndeedthemeresizeofoperationsandthenumbersofworkmeninvolvedrenderedsuchpersonalrelationsimpossible./Fortunately,however,theincreasingpowerandorganisationofthetradeunions,atleastinallskilledtrades,enabledtheworkmentomeetonequaltermsmanagersofthecompanieswhoemployed/Thecrueldisciplineofthestrikelockouttaughtthetwopartiestorespecteachother'sstrengthandunderstandthevalueof英语 2012年Whennurserycolours英语 2012年Whennurserycolourswereintroduced ,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength. ，S+V+O, ， 1996passage3Inthelasthalfofthenineteenthcentury"capital"and"labour"wereenlargingandperfectingtheirrivalorganisationsonmodernlines.Manyanoldfirmwasreplacedbyalimitedliabilitycompanywithabureaucracyofsalariedmanagers.Thechangemetthetechnicalrequirementsofthenewagebyengagingalargeprofessionalelementandpreventedthedeclineinefficiencythatsocommonlyspoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirmsinthesecondandthirdgenerationaftertheenergeticfounders.Therailwaycompanies,thoughstillprivatebusinessmanagedforthebenefitofshareholders,wereveryunlikeoldfamilybusiness.Suchlarge,impersonalmanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatlyincreasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anelementinnationalliferepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners;andalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.TownslikeBournemouthandEastbournespranguptohouselarge"comfortable"classeswhohadretiredontheirincomes,andwhohadnorelationtotherestofthecommunityexceptthatofdrawingdividendsandoccasionallyattendingashareholders'meetingtodictatetheirorderstothemanagement.The"shareholders"assuchhadnoknowledgeofthelives,thoughtsorneedsoftheworkmenemployedbythecompanyinwhichheheldshares,andhisinfluenceontherelationsofcapitalandlabourwasnotgood.Thepaidmanageractingforthecompanywasinmoredirectrelationwiththemenandtheirdemands,butevenhehadseldomthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhichtheemployerhadoftenhadunderthemorepatriarchalsystemoftheoldfamilybusinessnowpassingaway.Indeedthemeresizeofoperationsandthenumbersofworkmeninvolvedrenderedsuchpersonalrelationsimpossible./Fortunately,however,theincreasingpowerandorganisationthetradeunions,atleastinallskilledtrades,enabledtheworkmentomeetonequaltermsmanagersofthecompanieswhoemployed/Thecrueldisciplineofthestrikelockouttaughtthetwopartiestorespecteachother'sstrengthandunderstandthevalueofReading that…that…and动词that…that…and动词 宾语从句：I youcanmake fact godisa godisagirlisItisobviousthatgodisa名词同位语从句：IhaveapieceofnewstoyouthatyougetanofferfromIhaveapieceofnewstoyouthatcomesfromthat是关系Ihaveapieceofnewstoyouthatcomesfrom 1：Howeverformanyyearsphysiciststhoughtthatatomsandmoleculesalwaysweremuchmorelikelytoemitlightspontaneouslyandthatstimulatedemissionthusalwayswouldbemuchmorelikelytoemitlightspontaneously）and（thatstimulatedemissionthusalwayswouldbemuchweaker.）例2：ItappearedthatCanadawasoncemorefallinginstepwiththetrendtowardsmallerfamiliesthathadoccurredallthroughtheWesternworldsincethetimeoftheIndustrial2：Itappeared〖thatCanadawasoncemorefallinginstepwiththetrendtowardsmallerfamilies（thathadoccurredallthroughtheWesternworldsincethetimeoftheIndustrialRevolution.）〗bodytakesinandutilizesfoodsubstances,canbedividedintofourdistincteras:thefirstbegan但更难的却是that…that但更难的却是that…that…and动词 宾语从句：Ibelieve youcanmakeit. factis godisagirl. godisagirlisobvious.Itisobviousthatgodisa名词同位语从句：IhaveapieceofnewstoyouthatyougetanofferfromIhaveapieceofnewstoyouthatcomesfromthat是关系定语从句：IhaveapieceofnewstoyouthatcomesfromYale. 1：Howeverformanyyearsphysiciststhoughtthatatomsandmoleculesalwaysweremuchmorelikelytoemitlightspontaneouslyandthatstimulatedemissionthusalwayswouldbemuchmorelikelytoemitlightspontaneously）and（thatstimulatedemissionthusalwayswouldmuch2：ItappearedthatCanadawasoncemorefallinginstepwiththetrendtowardsmallerfamiliesthathadoccurredallthroughtheWesternworldsincethetimeoftheIndustrial2：Itappeared〖thatCanadawasoncemorefallinginstepwiththetrendtowardfamilies（thathadoccurredallthroughtheWesternworldsincethetimeoftheIndustrialRevolution.）〗例3Thehistoryofclinicalnutritionorthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenhealthandhowthebodytakesinandutilizesfoodsubstancescanbedividedintofourdistincterasthefirstbeganthenineteenthcenturyandextendedintothenineteenthcenturyandextendedintotheearlytwentiethcenturywhenitwasrecognizedthefirsttimethatfoodcontainedconstituentsthatwereessentialforhumanfunctionandthatdifferentfoodsprovideddifferentamountsoftheseessentialagents.例3：Thehistoryofclinicalnutritionorthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenhealthandhowthebodytakesinandutilizesfoodsubstances,canbedividedintofourdistincteras:thefirstbeganinthenineteenthcenturyandextendedintotheearlytwentiethcentury｛whenitwasrecognizedforthefirsttime〖thatfoodcontainedconstituentsthatwereessentialforhumanfunction〗and〖thatdifferentfoodsprovideddifferentamountsoftheseessentialagents.〗｝1999年Rather,wehaveacertainconceptionoftheAmericancitizen,acharacterwhoisincompleteifcannotcompetentlyassesshowhislivelihoodandhappinessareaffectedbythingsoutsideof ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvaluesincludingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracyareequallycompetenttoserveonjuries;thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionofthecommunity;thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryonaccountofrace,religion,sex,ornationalorigin;thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers;andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthecommunityandnotjusttheletterofthe2002Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof"doubleeffect",acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects—agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen—ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegood基础阅读——2000Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmaybecomeadrivingforce.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.Itsscientistsweretheworld'sbest,itsworkersthemostskilled.AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofthenineteenthcenturyandextendedintothenineteenthcenturyandextendedintotheearlytwentiethcenturywhenitwasrecognizedthefirsttimethatfoodcontainedconstituentsthatwereessentialforhumanfunctionandthatdifferentfoodsprovideddifferentamountsoftheseessentialagents.例3Thehistoryofclinicalnutritionorthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenhealthandhowthebodytakesinandutilizesfoodsubstances,canbedividedintofourdistincteras:thefirstinthenineteenthcenturyandextendedintotheearlytwentiethcentury｛whenitwasrecognizedforthefirsttime〖thatfoodcontainedconstituentsthatwereessentialforhumanfunction〗and〖thatdifferentfoodsprovideddifferentamountsoftheseessentialagents.〗｝1999年Rather,wehaveacertainconceptionoftheAmericancitizen,acharacterwhoisincompleteifhecannotcompetentlyassesshowhislivelihoodandhappinessareaffectedbythingsoutsideof ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvaluesincludingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracyareequallycompetenttoserveonjuries;thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionofthecommunity;thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryonaccountofrace,religion,sex,ornationalorigin;thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers;andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthecommunityandnotjusttheletterofthe2002Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof"doubleeffect",acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects—agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatforeseen—ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegood基础阅读——2000Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmaybecomeadrivingforce.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.Itsscientistsweretheworld'sbest,itsworkersthemostskilled.AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.Somehugeindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofcompetition.By1987therecompetition.By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmakerleft,Zenith.(Nowtherenone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea'sLGElectronicsinJuly.)Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarket.America'smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthattheirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica'sindustrialdecline.Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.Howthingshavechanged!In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride."Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,"accordingtoRichardCavanaugh,executivedeanofHarvard'sKennedySchoolofGovernment."ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,"saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-tankinWashington,D.C.AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas"agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnited51.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarⅡ itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanthewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialtheunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitsThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticautoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticWhatcanbeinferredfrom