英语学术写作课程要求

英语学术写作课程大纲一、课程名称：英语学术写作

EnglishAcademicResearchPaperwriting课程负责人：邹晓玲二、学时与学分：32学时，2学分三、适用专业：全校非英语专业学生

四、课程教材：刘洊波等.2006.大学英语论文写作手册.重庆：重庆大学出版社

五、参考教材：1.

Fabb,Nigel&Durant,Alan.2003.HowtoWriteEssays,DissertationsandThesesinLiteraryStudies.Chengdu:Sichuan2.

Seyfer.H.1998.EnglishAcademicPaperWriting.Beijing:HigherEducationPress.

3.Slade,Carole.1997.FormandStyle:ResearchPapers,ReportsandTheses.HoughtonMifflinCompany.

4.

冯翠华，2003，《英语科研论文写作概要》，上海外语教育出版社

5.

刘洊波.2004.英语学术论文写作.北京：高等教育出版社六、开课单位：外国语学院七、课程的目的、性质和任务：

本课程旨在从理论和实践两方面向大学生讲解学术论文写作的基本知识，获取论文写作的有效信息，掌握论文写作的方法和技巧，为以后的教学、科研和管理工作奠定良好的基础。

八、课程的基本要求：本课程是为通过大学英语四级的非英语专业学生开设的，每周两节课。每单元用英语讲授，以必要的汉语补充解释，课堂内安排一定的时间组织学生小组讨论和个人发言。九、课程的主要内容：

本课程包括以下内容：选题、资料查询、笔记整理、主题论述、写摘要、拟提纲、文献综述、确定研究方法、设计研究内容、收集数据、组织数据和分析数据等写作技巧，以及包括如何使用引语、标列夹注和尾注、参考文献和书目等论文写作的基本格式。

十、说明：

本课程的主要学习方式有：自主学习、合作研究、小组讨论、网上交互，小组课堂演示和学术写作实践等。

十一、考试方式：平时作业与期末论文成绩相结合。

十二、学时分配：总学时为32学时，每周2学时，共16周。课程介绍Aims&Objectives1)

Workautonomouslyandindependently;2)

Workcooperativelywithothersonoralandwrittentasks;3)

Participatefluentlyandconfidentlyinsmallgroupdiscussions;4)

Producewell-organizedandwrittenacademicessayswithappropriatecitationandreferencing;5)

TakegreaterresponsibilityforyourownimprovementofEnglishlanguageskillsbothinandbeyondtheclassroom.

Teacher’scontribution1)

Provideclassroominstructionandpracticeonacademicwritingskills;2)

Giveweb-basedfeedbackandclassroomguidanceonyourwritingpracticeandclasspresentation;3)

Organizegroupdiscussionsonessay-relatedtopicsandyourwriting;4)

Cultivateautonomousandcooperativelearningcompetence.

Students’learningstrategies1)

Collaborativelearning-

workcooperativelyanddiscussingroupsontopicsandskillsrelatedtothecourse;

2)

Autonomouslearning-engageinguidedself-study,whichwillcontributetowardsyourworkonessaywriting;3)

On-lineactivities-locateresourcesanddointeractiveweb-basedactivitiesthatrelatetoyouressaytopicsandwritingskills;4)

Self-evaluation–decideyourownlearningobjectivesandevaluateyourownlearningprogress.

ContentsofthecourseWeek1：CourseintroductionWeek2：ChoosingatopicWeek3：HypothesisandthesisstatementWeek4：OutlineWeek5：TakingnotesWeek6：OrganizingthecontentWeek7：FeaturesofacademicEnglishWeek8：MechanicsofessaywritingWeek9：DocumentationWeek10：WorkscitedformatWeek11：Abstract,introductionandliteraturereviewWeek12：Methodology,results,DiscussionandconclusionWeek13：FinalthesiswritingWeek14：OralPresentation1Week15：OralPresentation2Week16：OralPresentation3MaterialsTextbook：刘洊波.2006.大学英语论文写作手册.重庆：重庆大学出版社References：黄国文等.2004.英语学术论文写作.重庆：重庆大学出版社覃先美等，2001，毕业论文导写，湖南师范大学出版社冯翠华，2003，英语科研论文写作概要，上海外语教育出版社刘洊波.2004.英语学术论文写作.北京：高等教育出版社

CourseRequirementsBeforeclass:Teacher:uploadsontheweb-basedcourseplatformacademicwritingmaterials,lessonplans,thequestionsforthoughtandassignmentsStudents:logontheweb-basedcourseplatformtodopre-classreading,discussthequestionsingroupsandprepareforpresentationInclass:Students:Tobedividedinto6groups,participateingroupdiscussionsinclassesontopicsgivenbeforeclassorgivepresentationstoanswerthequestionsingroupsTeacher:giveskeypointstothechapter,asummaryoraconclusionforreferenceAfterclass:Teacher:givesassignmentsanduploadsthemontheweb-basedcourseplatformforstudentstofinishindividuallyorcollaboratively.Students:uploadyourindividualexercisesontheweb-basedcourseplatformordiscussproblemscollaborativelyandthenanswerthequestionsingroups.Attheendofthecourse:

Giveanoralpresentationofyourresearchpaperinclassin8minutes,andthenanswertheteacher’squestionsrelatedtothepaper.

UploadyourresearchpaperononeofthefollowingSubjectsinfullformintheweb-basedcourseplatform.

GlobalWarming;

CALL;CooperativeLearning;AutonomousLearning

Wordlimit:3000~5000

AssessmentStudents’finalscores:

Individualwork:30%(5pointseach,totalscores*6);

Groupwork:35%(5pointseach,totalscores*7);

Oralpresentation:15%;

Researchpaper:20%.2pointsminusforeachclasshourabsenceand0.5foreachlatecoming.2pointsplusforactiveonlineinteractions2pointsplusforconstructivestudynotes

课程作业小组评价：1.内容正确

20%

2.语言规范

20%

3.讨论充分

20%

4.观点清晰

20%

5.成果呈现效果好20%个人评价：1.善于协作

20%

2.有效性好

20%

3.讨论积极

20%

4.对成果形成贡献大

20%

5.主动承担任务20%GroupWorkAssignment1Discussingroupsonthenetwhichofthefollowingitemsseemlikelytoworkoutwellastopicsforresearchpapers?Explainyourreasons.Youarerequiredtogiveapresentationofyouranswerstotheclassnexttime.workingwomeninAmericatodaythewayFMradiosignalsaresentandreceivedtheCIA'sroleinNicaraguatheinventionofgunpowderthecauseofmeaslesthecauseofcancertheBritishcolonizationofAfricainthenineteenthcenturyprogramsforpreventionofchildabusetherealauthorofShakespeare'splaysthecauseofteenagealcoholismthegenerationgaptheroleofcomputersinbusinesstodayautomationinheavyindustrytheeffectivenessofcapitalpunishmentinreducingthecrimeratethearmsraceasathreattopeacetheeffectofillegalimmigrationontheeconomyoftheSouthwesttheeffectofhighsalariesonthequalityofbaseballbeingplayedtodaytheabilityofsomepeopletoseethefutureintheirdreamsAssignment2ReviewwhatyoulearntinChapterIIandtrythemethodofbrainstormingyoulearntinChaptertwotonarrowoneofthefollowingsubjectsintoasmanytopicsasyoucaningroupsonthenetandthengiveapresentationofyourdiscussionresulttotheclassnexttime:Subjects:GlobalWarming;CALL;CooperativeLearning;AutonomousLearningAssignment3Comparethefollowingthesisstatementandthendecidewhichonesareweakthesisstatementsandwhichonesarestrongthesisstatements.Explainthereasons.Youshoulddiscussthemingroupsafterclassandputyouranswersinthecourseplatform.Nextweek,I’dlikeyoutogiveapresentationofyourdiscussionresults.1)Thesisstatement1:TherearesomenegativeandpositiveaspectstotheBananaHerbTeaSupplement.Thesisstatement2:BecauseBananaHerbTeaSupplementpromotesrapidweightlossthatresultsinthelossofmuscleandleanbodymass,itposesapotentialdangertocustomers.2)Thesisstatement1:Myfamilyisanextendedfamily.Thesisstatement2:WhilemostAmericanfamilieswouldviewconsanguinealmarriageasathreattothenuclearfamilystructure,manyIranianfamilies,likemyown,believethatthesemarriageshelpreinforcekinshiptiesinanextendedfamily.3)Thesisstatement1:CompaniesneedtoexploitthemarketingpotentialoftheInternet,andwebpagescanprovidebothadvertisingandcustomersupport.Thesisstatement2:BecausetheInternetisfilledwithtremendousmarketingpotential,companiesshouldexploitthispotentialbyusingwebpagesthatofferbothadvertisingandcustomersupport.4)Thesisstatement1:Worldhungerhasmanycausesandeffects.Thesisstatement2:HungerpersistsinAppalachiabecausejobsarescarceandfarmingintheinfertilesoilisrarelyprofitable.5)Thesisstatement1:Shakespearewastheworld'sgreatestplaywright.Thesisstatement2:ThelastsceneinMidsummerNight'sDreamaddsapoliticaldimensiontothecomedyendingbyincorporatingsubtlelinguisticandtheatricalreferencestoElizabeth'spositionasqueen.6）Thesisstatement1：Havinganofficialpolicyoneuthanasiajustcausesproblems,astheDutchexampleshows.Thesisstatement2：Dutchlawsoneuthanasiahavebeenpraisedfortheiruseoftheprincipleofself-determination.Recentcases,however,showthattheselawshavenotbeenabletodealadequatelywithissuesinvolvingtechnologicalinterventiononunconsciouspatients.HamarckiantheoryisneededtoenlargetheframeworkusedincreatingtheDutchlaw.Itprovidesonewaytoexaminethekeyquestionofhowtoassignrights.7)Title:CompareandcontrastthereasonswhytheNorthandSouthfoughttheCivilWar.Thesisstatement1:TheNorthandSouthfoughttheCivilWarformanyreasons,someofwhichwerethesameandsomedifferent.Thesisstatement2:WhilebothsidesfoughttheCivilWarovertheissueofslavery,theNorthfoughtformoralreasonswhiletheSouthfoughttopreserveitsowninstitutions.Thesisstatement3:WhilebothNorthernersandSouthernersbelievedtheyfoughtagainsttyrannyandoppression,NorthernersfocusedontheoppressionofslaveswhileSouthernersdefendedtheirownrightstopropertyandself-government.8)WriteananalysisofsomeaspectofMarkTwain'snovelHuckleberryFinn.Thesisstatement1:MarkTwain'sHuckleberryFinnisagreatAmericannovel.Thesisstatement2:InHuckleberryFinn,MarkTwaindevelopsacontrastbetweenlifeontheriverandlifeontheshore.Thesisstatement3:Throughitscontrastingriverandshorescenes,Twain'sHuckleberryFinnsuggeststhattofindthetrueexpressionofAmericandemocraticideals,onemustleave"civilized"societyandgobacktonature.2.Readthefollowingparagraphsandfindoutthethesisstatement:1)WhathashappenedtotheAmericanmale?Foralongtime,heseemedutterlyconfidentinhismanhood,sureofhismasculineroleinsociety,easyanddefiniteinhissenseofsexualidentity.ThefrontiersmenofJamesFenimoreCooper,forexample,neverhadanyconcernaboutmasculinity;theyweremen,anditdidnotoccurtothemtothinktwiceaboutit.Evenwellintothetwentiethcentury,theheroesofDreiser,ofFitzgerald,ofHemingwayremainmen.Butonebeginstodetectanewthemeemerginginsomeoftheseauthors,especiallyinHemingway:thethemeofthemaleheroincreasinglypreoccupiedwithprovinghisvirilitytohimself.Andbymid-century,themalerolehadplainlylostitsruggedclarityofoutline.Todaymenaremoreandmoreconsciousofmalenessnotasafactbutasaproblem.ThewaysbywhichAmericanmenaffirmtheirmasculinityareuncertainandobscure.Therearemultiplyingsigns,indeed,thatsomethinghasgonebadlywrongwiththeAmericanmale'sconceptionofhimself.2)MostpeoplewhobotherwiththematteratallwouldadmitthattheEnglishlanguageisinabadway,butitisgenerallyassumedthatwecannotbyconsciousactiondoanythingaboutit.Ourcivilizationisdecadent,andourlanguage—sotheargumentruns—mustinevitablyshareinthegeneralcollapse.Itfollowsthatanystruggleagainsttheabuseoflanguageisasentimentalarchaism,likepreferringcandlestoelectriclightorhansomcabstoaeroplanes.Underneaththisliesthehalf-consciousbeliefthatlanguageisanaturalgrowthandnotaninstrumentwhichweshapeforourownpurposes.Now,itisclearthatthedeclineofalanguagemustultimatelyhavepoliticalandeconomiccauses:itisnotduesimplytothebadinfluenceofthisorthatindividualwriter.Butaneffectcanbecomeacause,reinforcingtheoriginalcauseandproducingthesameeffectinanintensifiedform,andsoonindefinitely.Amanmaytaketodrinkbecausehefeelshimselftobeafailure,andthenfailallthemorecompletelybecausehedrinks.ItisratherthesamethingthatishappeningtotheEnglishlanguage.Itbecomesuglyandinaccuratebecauseourthoughtsarefoolish,buttheslovenlinessofourlanguagemakesiteasierforustohavefoolishthoughts.Thepointisthattheprocessisreversible.ModernEnglish,especiallywrittenEnglish,isfullofbadhabitswhichspreadbyimitationandwhichcanbeavoidedifoneiswillingtotakethenecessarytrouble.Ifonegetsridofthesehabitsonecanthinkmoreclearly,andtothinkclearlyisanecessaryfirststeptowardspoliticalregeneration:sothatthefightagainstbadEnglishisnotfrivolousandisnottheexclusiveconcernofprofessionalwriters.Iwillcomebacktothispresently,andIhopethatbythattimethemeaningofwhatIhavesaidherewillhavebecomeclearer.Meanwhile,herearefivespecimensoftheEnglishlanguageasitisnowhabituallywritten.Assignment41.Decideoneortwoapproachesyoumaytaketowardthefollowingsubjectsandexplainthereasonforyourchoice.OnrelationshipsbetweentranslatedandoriginaltextsAqualityevaluationofSLA/FLTexperimentalstudiesbyChineseresearchersAcomparativestudyofthestructuralsyllabusandthenotional-functionalsyllabusInternalstructureofEFLmotivationatthetertiarylevelinChinaAnexplorationofSweet’sinfluenceonthestudyofChinesegrammarThefunctionoflanguagetransferandtheanalysisandcountermeasureofwrittenEnglishAcognitive-pragmaticanalysisoflanguagereportinEnglishandChineseAstudyofthestyleofeditorialEnglishAcognitive-psychologicalanalysisofthesecondlanguageacquisitionprocessOntheprocessofmetaphorunderstandinganditscharacteristics2.Decidewhatmethodyoumaychoosetoorganizethecontentaccordingtothefollowingthesisstatements:1)Ananalysisofthecollegeadmissionprocessrevealstwoprincipalproblemsfacingcounselors:acceptingstudentswithhightestscoresorstudentswithstrongextracurricularbackgrounds.2)Thelifeofthetypicalcollegestudentischaracterizedbytimespentstudying,attendingclass,andsocializingwithpeers.3)Highschoolgraduatesshouldberequiredtotakeayearofftopursuecommunityserviceprojectsbeforeenteringcollegeinordertoincreasetheirmaturityandglobalawareness.4)ThelastsceneinMidsummerNight'sDreamaddsapoliticaldimensiontotheElizabeth'spositionasqueen.5)Neitherneo-protectionismnorpost-industrialtheoryexplainsthesteepreversaloffortunefortheCanadianfurnitureindustryintheperiod1988-1994.Dataonproductivity,profits,andemployment,however,canbecloselycorrelatedwithprovisionsoftheNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreementthattookeffectinthesameperiod.6）Dutchlawsoneuthanasiahavebeenpraisedfortheiruseoftheprincipleofself-determination.Recentcases,however,showthattheselawshavenotbeenabletodealadequatelywithissuesinvolvingtechnologicalinterventiononunconsciouspatients.HamarckiantheoryisneededtoenlargetheframeworkusedincreatingtheDutchlaw.Itprovidesonewaytoexaminethekeyquestionofhowtoassignrights.Assignment51.Identifyingfeaturesofspokenandwrittenlanguage:Readthefollowingtwoparagraphscarefully,andthenanswerthequestionsbelow:TextAPeoplebenefitfrommoderntechnologybecauseithasimprovedourstandardofliving.Moderntechnologyprovidesmanygoodjobsandservicesforsociety,butitalsodamagestheenvironmentandcausesenvironmentalpollution.Weknowthatmoderntechnologydamagestheenvironmentandcausespollution,sowhydowestilluseit?Becausewejustcan’tlivewithoutit.Scientistsaretryingtoreducepollutionandcontroltheproblemsitcauses,andiftheydon’t,ourenvironmentwillbedestroyed.Moderntechnologyissurelynecessaryandimportant,buthowcanweuseitwithoutcausingnegativeeffects?TextBThesocialbenefitsofmoderntechnologyincludetheincreasedprovisionofgoods,servicesandemployment.Whilethistechnologyhasmanynegativeside-effectsontheenvironment,particularlyintermsofpollution,modernsocietyisdependentonthebenefitsthatthistechnologyprovides.Inrecentyears,increasingpublicawarenessoftheextentofenvironmentaldestructionasaresultofthistechnologyhasspurredscientificinvestigationintotechnologieswhichprovideamoresustainableoutcomefortheenvironment.Inthissense,modernsocietymaycontinuetosustainitselfandtheenvironmentthroughmoresophisticatedtechnology.1.Whichofthetextsismore‘written’accordingtotheconceptofthespokenandwrittencontinuum?TextAorTextB?2.CanyouidentifyexamplesofthefollowinglanguagefeaturesintextsAandB?Writeyourresponsesinthespaceprovidedoverthepage.(Note:youwon’talwaysbeabletofindexamplesforbothtexts).SPOKENWRITTENDialoguefeaturessuchasquestions:TextA_____________________________TextB_____________________________Longnounphrases(nominalgroups)TextA_____________________________TextB_____________________________Personal(useofpronouns,mentionspeople)TextA_____________________________TextB_____________________________Impersonal(indirectwayoftalkingaboutpeople,e.g.Modernsociety)TextA_____________________________TextB_____________________________Informal:everydaylanguageTextA_____________________________TextB_____________________________Formal:specialistlanguageTextA_____________________________TextB_____________________________Informal:subjective(clearexpressionofopinionandattitude)TextA_____________________________TextB_____________________________Formal:objectiveTextA_____________________________TextB_____________________________Lotsofclausesandconjunctions(Note:onlywritedowntheconjunctions).TextA_____________________________TextB_____________________________Nounscreatedfromverbforms:e.g.peoplebenefit(verb)andsocialbenefits(noun)TextA_____________________________TextB_____________________________2.Morespokenormorewritten?Readthefourtextsbelowcarefully,thenrankthemintermsofmostspoken(1),tomostwritten(4).Givebriefreasonsforyouranswers:forexamplesubjective–includesclearexpressionsofwriter’sopinion.SPOKENWRITTEN1234(a)Whywriteessays?Inthemodernworldourthinkingislargelytransmittedbyspeechandthroughradioandtelevision.Attheuniversity,however,youarerequiredtodomuchofyourthinkingthroughwriting.IntheHumanitiesandSocialSciencesyouareinevitablyrequiredtoproduceaconsiderablenumberofessays.Ranking___________Brieflygiveyourreasons:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(b)Itmightbesaidthatin-vitrofertilisation,atanyage,isamatteroffreechoice,especiallyifthepatientpays.Ifawomanwantstheprocedure,ageshouldbeirrelevant.Butagecanneverbetotallyirrelevant.Thelineisunclear.Butinthecaseofoldermothers,questionsofthe“bestinterestofthechild”pressmoreinsistently.Andevenwhenthepatientpayssomethingtowardsthecostoftheseprocedures,thereissomecosttothepublic.Theissueofresourceallocationremains.Ranking___________Brieflygiveyourreasons:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(c)Inmanyradiotherapycentreswhereplanningforexternalbeamtreatmentsisperformedbyradiationtherapists,thetreatmentsheetanditscalculationsareindependentlycheckedbystafffromadifferenteducationalbackground,typicallyaradiotherapyphysicist.Thebenefitsofthispracticewereevaluatedinaradiotherapydepartmentwithtwolinearaccelerators,onecombinedsuperficial-orthovoltageunitandonetelecaesiumunit.Ranking___________Brieflygiveyourreasons:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(d)Whatonearthdoesthishavetodowithyourtopic?Ranking___________Brieflygiveyourreasons:_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Assignment6Thefollowingexcerptisfromastudentassignment.Itcontainsanumberoflanguagefeatureswhichresultinthetextsoundingnotquiteasformalasitshouldforacademicwritingofahighstandard.Readthetextcarefully,thenwritetheinformallanguagefeaturesinthespaceprovidedbelow:Whenacompanygoesbankrupt,thereareliabilitiessuchasaccountspayabletocreditors,employees’wages,andtheresultingincreaseinunemployment.Insurancecompaniesandthebankshavetotakeactiontofixtheirsideoftheprobleminregardstothecompany’slosses.Sowhoisultimatelyresponsiblefortheliabilities?Societycan’tbeblamedtotallyfortheliabilitiesasitiseveryonewhoisinvolved,especiallythecompanyitself.Whatfeaturesofinformallanguageoccurinthisparagraph?_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Therearealsoanumberoffeaturesofformallanguage.Canyouidentifythem?(withexamples)_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Whatfeaturesofformallanguageoccurinthisparagraph?_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Assignment7GooverthemodelabstractfromaCommercePhDthesisandanswerthefollowingquestions.Whatistheresearchabout?Whatquestionistheresearchansweringorwhatgapdoesthepresentresearchfill?Whywastheresearchdone,i.e.thepurposeoraimsoftheresearch?Howwastheresearchdone,i.e.themethodologythatwasused?Whatdidtheresearchfind,i.e.theresults?Whyaretheresultssignificantandwhataretheimplications?Thesistopic:InterorganisationalRelationsandPublicRegulation:TheCaseofPartiallyMandatedOccupationalRehabilitationNetworksAbstractResearchontheimplicationsoflawfororganizationtheoryingeneralandinterorganizationalrelations(IOR)inparticularisconspicuousbyitsneglect.Thetendencyhasbeentotakethelegalcontextasaunidimensionalinstitutionalgiven,ignoringthefactthattherearemanychallengestolegislativeefficacy.Forthisreasonalone,theoreticalandpracticalcontributionsbyorganizationalscholarstoimportantmainstreamdebatesonregulation,deregulationandreregulationhavebeenlimited.ThepurposeofthisstudyistooffersomeredresstothesituationbyfocusingonlegallymandatedIOR.Specifically,itposesandseekstoanswerthefollowingquestion:whataretheimplicationsoflegallymandatingIORthroughpublicpolicy,withparticularreferencetooccupationalrehabilitationinNewSouthWales?UsingCranston's(1987)fourphaseprocessmodeloflegislativeefficacy,modifiedtoaccountmorefullyforthecompliancebehaviourofthetargetpopulation,aconceptofpartiallymandatedIORisdeveloped.ThisconceptattemptstoexplainthedifferencesandtheinteractionbetweenmandatedandvoluntaryIORcontingencies.Followingacasestudyresearchdesignwhichallowsforcontextuallyembeddedanalysisemployingmultiplemethods,theabovemodelandconcept,togetherwithsixtheoreticalpropositions,areexaminedandsubsequentlyvalidatedintheirapplicationtolegallymandatedoccupationalrehabilitation.Thelargelyhistoricalanalysisofmandateemergencedrawsattentiontotheneedforinterorganizationallearningandadaptationtoacomplexuncertainandvariablesetofunenforced,self-regulatorycircumstances.Contentanalysisofmandateformshowsittobevague,open-endedandpartialinnatureandreliantupontheauthorityofnonmandatedorganizations(insurersandtreatingdoctors).Networkanalysisofandateimplementationisbasedon81interviewswith79informantsin56organizationswhich,exceptfortheregulatoryagency,areallsituatedintheIllawarraregionofNewSouthWales.Agency-targetIORtendedtobeconsultative,basedonbroadlyunbridledtargetorganizationdiscretion.Compliancebehaviourwasfoundtodependonvoluntaryincentivesandthevoluntarycooperationofthenonmandatedratherthanthroughagencyenforcement.Finally,theabsenceofobjectivemandateimpactmeasuresdidnotprecludetheformationofpositiveviewsandexperiencelargelyattributedtosuccessfulinterorganizationalactivities.ThesefindingsdrawattentiontotheneedforIORtheorytoacknowledgethepartialnatureofmandates,andforthepublicregulationliteraturetoembraceIORinpolicyformulationaswellasimplementation.InadditiontoidentifyingthepotentialutilityofinterorganizationalcollaborationinthemanagementofIORatalocal,networkandpolicylevel,thestudyalsoproposesanumberoffutureresearchdirectionsbasedontheconceptofpartialmandates.IndividualWorkAssignment1Narrowoneofthesubjects:GlobalWarming;CALL;CooperativeLearning;AutonomousLearningtoasuitabletopicandthenwriteathesisstatementandanoutlineonthecourseplatform.Nextweekyouarerequiredtogiveapresentationofyourpaper’sthesisstatementandoutlineingroups.Assignment2Chooseatlea